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1、被动语态要点简述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。例如：He wrote a novel.（主语he 是动作wrote 的执行者，是主动语态。）The classroom was cleaned by him yesterday.（主语the classroom 是动作的承受者，是被动语态）被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语中也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.Premier Zhou Enlai will
2、long be remembered as one of the greatest leaders in the world.（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变被动时双宾语的变化。观察下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（
3、作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long. /He was made to work all day long(by the boss)We call her little Mary./ She is called little Mary.短语动词变被动语态时，不能省略后面的介词或副词.The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.The doctor has been s
4、ent for.情态动词, used to, have to, had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 Eg. Your radio can be mended in three days. Trees should be planted in spring.当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smar
5、t boy.=It is said that he is a smart boy.=He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first.=It is known that paper was made in China first.=Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不
6、及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常表示主语的状态特征。常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock ,read等。这些动词常带有方式状语。当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这
7、种布易洗。 These novels sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。 The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。This new kind of car drives smoothly.（这种新车开起来很平稳）When will the concert begin? The party ended at midnight.当break out、take place、come about、happen、occur等动词表示“发生”等意思时。 Great chang
8、es have taken place in our country since 1979.want, require, need, deserve, be worth后面跟动名词用主动表示被动含义。The house needs cleaning.=The house needs to be cleaned.The book is worth reading.在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.
9、另外：be to blame(受谴责)，也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：The window was broken by a certain student.(被动语态)The window was broken.(系表结构)学科网（北京）股份有限公司