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1、2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对
2、话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9. 15.答案是c. 1. What will the speakers do tonight? A. Visit Mary. B. Go out of town. C. Host a dinner. 2. How does the woman go to work this week? A. By car. B. By bike. C. On foot3. What time does Daves meeting star?
3、 A. At 8：30 B. At 9：00. C. At 10：00.4. What is Helen going to do? A. Buy some books B. Study in the library. C. Attend a history class. 5. What is the womans feeling now? A. Relief B. Regret. C. Embarrassment. 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅
4、读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is Tom busy doing? A. Raising money. B. Writing a lab report.C. Giving classes to children. 7. Who might be able to help Tom this week? A. Mike. B. Cathy. C. Jane. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Why is Jack leaving early? A. To avoid getting stuc
5、k in traffic. B. To enjoy the scenery on the way. C. To buy some gifts for his family. 9. What does Judy often do at the railway station? A. Read books. B. Call some friends. C. Look around the shops.10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. What to do next year B. Where to go for vacations
6、. C. How to pass the waiting time. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. Why does Bill look troubled? A. He is short of money B. He has made a big mistake. C. He is facing a tough choice. 12. What is Bill now? A. A college student B. An army officer. C. A computer engineer. 13. What does the woman seem to suggest Bi
7、ll do? A. Learn to repair cars. B. Decline the job offer. C. Ask his uncle for advice. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. What is the woman recommending to the man? A. A writer. B. A club. C. A course.15. What is the woman reading now? A. The Beautiful Mind. B. The Great Gatsby. C. The Kite Runner.16. How much ti
8、me does the man have to read the book? A. Two weeks. B. Three weeks. C. Four weeks. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What is the speaker doing? A. Reporting a study. B. Chairing a meeting. C. Teaching a class. 18. What should you pay most attention to when taking notes? A. Listening B. Reading. C. Writing. 19.
9、 What is an advantage of using symbols in note-taking? A. It keeps information secret. B. It leaves space for future use. C. It makes key words noticeable. 20. What will the speaker do next? A. Ask a few questions. B. Show some notes. C. Make a summary. 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下
10、列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered. Broadcasting Camp Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While
11、 running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali. Secret Agent Camp In the movie Mission Impo
12、ssible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.Culinary Camp If your child enjoys being in the kit
13、chen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families. Street Art Camp This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their
14、 colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.1. How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?A. 2.B. 4.C. 17.D. 21.2. Wh
15、at will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?A. Create a website.B. Run a news station.C. Meet a star reporter.D. Hold a dinner party.3. Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?A. Broadcasting Camp.B. Secret Agent Camp.C. Culinary CampD. Street Art Camp.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C【解析】这是
16、一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will
17、create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn techni
18、cal skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。BThe end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was
19、back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol. I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. Please bring that pistol to me, I said. Im going to put it in my Grandmas
20、Box.Whats that? they asked. Its a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren, I replied, You dont have grandchildren, someone said.I dont now. I replied. But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring,
21、 and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken awaysince I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. The-yea
22、rs went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that years class. Then someone said, Now you can use your Grandmas Box. From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordon.I loved talking a
23、bout the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gifta large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandmas Box a reality.4. What was the au
24、thors purpose in having the conversation with the students?A. To collect the water pistol.B. To talk about her grandchildren.C. To recommend some toys.D. To explain her teaching method.5. What do the underlined words the offender in paragraph 8 refer to?A The students parent.B. The maker of the Gran
25、dmas Box.C. The authors grandchild.D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.6. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon? A. They went to play with the baby.B. They asked to see the Grandmas Box.C. They made a present for Gordon.D. They stopped asking their toys back.7. What c
26、an we infer about the author?A. She enjoys telling jokes.B. She is a strict and smart teacher.C. She loves doing woodwork.D. She is a responsible grandmother【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
27、【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of forbidden fruit that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“Please bring that pistol to me, I said. Im going to put
28、it in my Grandmas Box.(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我奶奶的盒子里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I would return the belonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their
29、possessions back, the students would say, Thats okay. Put it in your Grandmas Box for Gordon.(从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。CIn May 19
30、87 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers no
31、ticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The
32、 story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger an
33、d Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devic
34、es fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories th
35、ey have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.Success is success but that is all that it is, Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.8. What happened t
36、o the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?A. It carried more weight than it could.B. It swayed violently in a strong windC Its roadway was damaged by vehiclesD. Its access was blocked by many people.9. Which of the following is Dr. Petroskis idea according to paragraph 3?A. No design is well rec
37、eived everywhereB. Construction is more important than design.C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering designD. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.10. What does the last paragraph suggest?A. Failure can lead to progress.B. Success results in overconfidenceC. Failure should be avoi
38、ded.D. Success comes from joint efforts.11. What is the text?A. A news reportB. A short story.C. A book reviewD. A research article.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书原谅设计：理解失败的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday
39、party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flatt
40、ening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。【9题详
41、解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good desig
42、n is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生
43、的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To
44、 Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.”可知，这个故事是原谅设计：理解失败一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a movin
45、g discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings improvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。DRainforests are h
46、ome to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-stori
47、ng vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the worlds oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the