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1、第1页/共39页第2页/共39页1 1）plant protectionplant protection第3页/共39页第4页/共39页第5页/共39页(1)、seedingNot steep for grass growth in a 1:1 soil slope(2)、sodding For a steep slope,severe erosion,runoff rate is greater than 0.6m/s,the region near the grass embankment sources easier.第6页/共39页(3)、plant trees Main functi
2、on is reinforcing the slope,to prevent and reduce water erosion.2、Engineering Protection1）Plastering and Pointing Joint Plaster suits for easily weathered soft rock cut slope.Generally used in the lime slag mortar,stone mortar.Pointing jiont applies to hard,not easy to crack and more weathered but t
3、he joints,thin rock slope to prevent diseases caused by water penetration inside the rock.第7页/共39页2）Grouting and Guniting Grouting applies to hard,local existence of large and deep cracks or holes,and further expansion of slope stability border of the slope.Guniting applies to smooth and easy weathe
4、ring of fresh rock slope.3）Anchor Hanging Net（concrete）Protection It applies to the slope for the fractured hard rock or discontinuous layered structure like rock formations and down the slope excavation slope.第8页/共39页4 4）masonry protectionmasonry protection To prevent surface runoff or river erosio
5、n,To prevent surface runoff or river erosion,road fill slope,immersion parts of the slope road fill slope,immersion parts of the slope along the river embankment,soil cut the lower along the river embankment,soil cut the lower part of the local slope and the slope near the part of the local slope an
6、d the slope near the bridge,can use masonry protection.bridge,can use masonry protection.第9页/共39页第10页/共39页第11页/共39页第12页/共39页第13页/共39页第14页/共39页5 5、facing wallfacing wallFacing wallFacing wall applies to weathering or severe weathering and crushing,applies to weathering or severe weathering and crushi
7、ng,landslide easy to produce debris avalanche of rock cutting slope or landslide easy to produce debris avalanche of rock cutting slope or vulnerable to erosion,poor soil swelling larger Slope.vulnerable to erosion,poor soil swelling larger Slope.第15页/共39页第16页/共39页 Section 3 Erosion protectionDirect
8、 protection Direct protection is a measure of direct reinforcement,characterized by little or no interference with the flow properties of the original disturbance.1Rriprap protection Riprap protection is to prevent the flow of bank erosion or force structures and the larger stones filled protective
9、measures.第17页/共39页2、Gabion protection Gabion protection refers to the river banks or structures to prevent erosion by water and set a cage filled with rocks.第18页/共39页第19页/共39页3 Geomembrane bag 3 Geomembrane bag Geotextile fabric bags is a double bag,the bag filled with liquid concrete or Geotextile
10、fabric bags is a double bag,the bag filled with liquid concrete or cement mortar or thin stone concrete,formed after solidification of high cement mortar or thin stone concrete,formed after solidification of high strength and stiffness of the induration plate.strength and stiffness of the induration
11、 plate.第20页/共39页Indirect protection Common types of indirect protection are diversion dam,shelter belts and changed channel and so on.Diversion structures are generally spur dike,longitudinal dike,cellular dam and the necessary river changes project.第21页/共39页 Section 4 Soft ground consolidationRepla
12、cement soil、rolling compaction、drainage consolidation、vibration compaction、chemical consolidation。1、Soil distribution：In our country along the river and lake zone widely used.2、Features：high water content,bad permeability,high compressibility when used for subgrade soil,it is easily to cause settlem
13、ent or instability.3、Concept：It is the saturated water underwater deposition of soft clayey soils or silt primarily stratum,sometimes have a small amount of corruption mud or peat layer.第22页/共39页Consolidation methods第23页/共39页第24页/共39页第25页/共39页第26页/共39页第27页/共39页Treatment process第28页/共39页第29页/共39页第30页
14、/共39页第31页/共39页第32页/共39页Section 5 subgrade deformation and demageMain deformation 荷载因素：自重、行车荷载、自然因素 影响稳定性的因素：水分、温度变化（正温度、负温度）、风蚀作用。变形：弹性的、残留的（不能恢复的）1、subsidence：垂直方向产生较大的沉落 第33页/共39页原因：1）填料不当 2）填筑方法不合理：不同土混杂；未分层填筑、压实；土中有未经打碎的大块土或冻土块；荷载、水和温度综合变化；原地面软弱，如泥沼、流沙、垃圾堆积 未做处理等；冻胀、翻浆。2、land slide常见的路基病害，也是水毁的普
15、遍现象slip溜方：少量土体沿土质边坡向下移动而形成。边坡上表面薄层土体下溜。原因：流动水冲刷边坡、施工不当引起。slide滑坡：一部分土体在重力作用下沿某一滑动层滑动。原因：土体稳定性不足引起。第34页/共39页3 debris avalance and collapse 剥落和碎落：剥落和碎落是指路堑边坡风化岩层表面，大气温度与湿度交替作用以及雨水冲刷和动力作用之下，表面岩石从坡面上剥落下来，向下滚落。大块岩石脱离坡面沿边坡滚落称为崩塌。崩塌：整体岩块在重力作用下倾倒、崩落。原因：岩体风化破碎，边坡较高。影响：危害较大的病害之一。第35页/共39页比较：崩塌无固定滑动面。崩塌体各部分相对位
16、置在移动过程中完全打乱。崩塌 滑坡4、subgrade slipping 原因：山坡较陡；原地面未清除杂草或人工挖台阶；坡脚未进行必要的支撑。5、subgrade destroy caused by adverse geology and hydrology 不良地质条件：泥石流、溶洞等。较大自然灾害：大暴雨地区。第36页/共39页Subgrade disease control提高路基稳定性，防止各种病害产生，采取措施：1、正确设计路基横断面。2、选择良好的路基用土填筑路基，必要时对填土作稳定处理。3、采取正确的填筑方法，充分压实路基，保证达到规定的压实度。4、适当提高路基，防止水分从侧面渗入或从地下水位上升进入路基工作区范围。5、正确进行排水设计。6、必要时设计隔离层隔绝毛细水，设置隔温层减少路基冰冻深度和水分累积。7、采取边坡加固、修筑挡土结构物、土体加固等防护技术措施，以提高其稳定性。第37页/共39页Thank you!Everyone!第38页/共39页感谢您的观看！第39页/共39页