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1、概述概述nHydatiddiseaseisaworldwidezoonosisproducedbythelarvalstageoftheEchinococcustapeworm.包虫病是一种流行于全世界范围的动物源性寄生虫病，主要是由棘球绦虫幼虫所引发。nThetwomaintypesofhydatiddiseasearecausedbyEgranulosusandEmultilocularis.Egranulosusisthemorecommontype.引发包虫病的两种主要的寄生虫类型分别是细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫，细粒棘球绦虫更常见。第1页/共18页nwhereasEmultilocu
2、larisislesscommonbutmoreinvasive,mimickingamalignancy.多房棘球绦虫少见但侵袭性更强，其表现类似于恶性病变。nItiscommonlyseeninthegreatgrazingregionsoftheWorld,particularlytheMediterraneanregion,Africa,SouthAmerica,theMiddleEast,Australia,andNewZealand.它常见于世界上的的牧区，特别是地中海区域、非洲、南美、东亚、澳大利亚和新西兰。第2页/共18页nDogsorothercarnivoresaredef
3、initivehosts,whereassheeporotherruminantsareintermediatehosts.狗或其他的肉食动物是终宿主，而羊或其他的反刍性动物是中间宿主。nHumansaresecondarilyinfectedbytheingestionoffoodorwaterthathasbeencontaminatedbydogfecescontainingtheeggsoftheparasite.被包含有寄生虫卵的狗粪所污染的食物或水被人类摄入从而引起继发性感染。第3页/共18页nIntracranialgranulosusechinococcosisoccursin
4、onlyapproximately2%ofcasesofhydatiddisease.颅内的细粒棘球绦虫感染仅见于约2的包虫病病例。ntypicallyinvolvingthecerebralparenchyma,especiallytheparietallobes,correspondingtothemiddlecerebralarterywatershedterritory.IntracranialsubarachnoidspacesarethesecondmostcommonlocationofthediseaseintheCNS,althoughtheiroccurrenceisfar
5、lessfrequent.通常累及大脑实质，特别是顶叶，符合大脑中动脉分水岭区，颅内的蛛网膜下腔是第二好发部位。第4页/共18页nCasesofcerebralaqueductcyst,giganticcystarisingfromthediploeofcranialboneswithintracranialextension,andintraduralspinalhydatidcystshavebeenreported.发生于大脑导水管的囊肿、起源于颅骨板障并延伸至颅内的巨大囊肿、以及椎管内硬膜下囊肿都有报道。nCystsareusuallysingleandmaybeunilocularo
6、rmultilocular.囊肿常常是单发的，可以是单房或多房。第5页/共18页nCerebral hydatid cyst is more common in children than in adults.儿童大脑包虫囊肿比成人更常见。nAt MRI,cerebral hydatid disease generally appears unilocular and is isointense relative to cerebrospinal fluid.大脑包虫病通常表现为单房病变，信号与脑脊液相仿。第6页/共18页nThelackofsurroundingedemaandthemark
7、edmasseffectmakeiteasytodistinguishcerebralhydatiddiseasefromabscessandcystictumor.无周边水肿，明显的占位效应可以与脓肿和其他囊性肿瘤相鉴别。nThepresenceofahypointenserim,especiallyonT2-weightedMRimages,ischaracteristicofhydatidcystofthebrain.病变可以出现一个低信号环，尤其是在T2序列上，这是脑包虫囊肿特征性病变。第7页/共18页nCerebralhydatidcystisgenerallysolitarybut
8、maybemultiplewhenitrupturesspontaneouslyorduetotraumaorsurgery.脑包虫囊肿通常是单囊的,当它自发破裂或由于外伤或手术而成为多囊。nMultivesicularcystsarerareinthebrain.Calcificationoccursinlessthan1%ofcases.颅内的多囊状病变是相当少的，不超过1的病例可以出现钙化。第8页/共18页T1 and T2 weighted MR images demonstrate two homogeneous cysts with signal intensity similar
9、 to cerebrospinal fluid and very thin-walls(yellow arrows).There is significant mass effect on the lateral ventricular system.T1和T2序列显示两个信号均匀的囊状影，其内信号类似于脑脊液，伴有非常薄的囊壁，囊肿对邻近的侧脑室有明显的推移挤压。MRI表现第9页/共18页Contrast enhanced MRI shows lack of enhancement of the cyst walls.增强MRI囊壁无强化。第10页/共18页nIntracranialgran
10、ulosusechinococcosisoccursinonlyapproximately2%ofcasesofhydatiddisease.颅内的细粒棘球绦虫感染仅见于约2的包虫病病例。nE.granulosusinfectionofthebrainpresentswithoneormorehomogeneous,thin-walledcysts.颅脑细粒棘球绦虫感染表现为一个或多个均匀的薄壁囊肿。诊断要点第11页/共18页nCystsignalisisointenserelativetocerebrospinalfluid.囊肿的信号与脑脊液信号相似。nThecystwalltypical
11、lylacksgadoliniumenhancement.囊壁通常无强化。nUsuallythereisnoperilesionaledema.通常没有瘤周水肿。第12页/共18页nSpinalfluidandblood,eosinophilicacidincreasedneutrophils,serumthecomplementofcerebrospinalfluidwiththetestpositive.血与脑脊液中，嗜酸粒细胞增高，血清、脑脊液补体结合试验阳性。nHydatidcapsuleliquidantigenofintradermal,convectionimmuneelectr
12、ophoresisorindirecthemagglutinationtestpositive.包虫囊液抗原皮内试验、对流免疫电泳或间接血凝试验阳性。实验室检查第13页/共18页nX-ray,hydatidpatientstheliver,lungs,bonesinspection,allcanfindcalcification.X线检查，包虫患者肝、肺、骨骼检查，均可发现钙化。nDSAcheck,itsspecialperformanceforlesionswithoutbloodvessels,thebloodvesselsofthecapsulearoundhydatidextremes
13、hift,straight,aroundintothespherical.DSA检查，其特殊表现为病变区无血管、围绕包虫囊的血管极度移位、变直、环绕成球形。其它影像学检查第14页/共18页nCTandMRIscansforbrainechinococcosishighlycharacteristic,performanceforcysticsphericalandborderslesions.CT与MRI扫描对脑包虫病具有高度特征性，表现为囊性球形病变，边界清楚；nDensityandsignalandcerebrospinalfluidissimilar,nolesionsedgeedema
14、,noenhancementandbrainabscesses,cysticbraintumororarachnoidcyst.密度与信号与脑脊液相似，无病灶边缘水肿，无增强，可与脑脓肿、囊性脑瘤或蛛网膜囊肿等鉴别。第15页/共18页nCompleteremovalcyst.完整摘除囊肿。nBursawallisthin,canspendpartofliquidwerefirstandthenremovebursawall.囊壁较薄者，可先抽出部分囊液，然后摘除囊壁。nSurgicalremovalofavoidbyallmeanswhendonotbreakthebursawall,lestcauseallergyortriggernewthylakoidsformation.手术摘除时切忌不可弄破囊壁，以免造成过敏或引发新的囊体形成。治疗第16页/共18页第17页/共18页感谢您的观看！第18页/共18页