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1、1.不定式的一般形式、进行体和完成体形式 不定式没有时的标记，但有体和态的变化体：不定式一般形式(to do)进行体形式(to be doing)完成体形式(to have done)完成进行体形式(to have been doing)态：主动态(to do)被动态(to be done)完成被动态(to have been done)第1页/共25页2.不定式的用法1）作主语 To make transistor is not very difficult.注：比较常见用it作形式主语 Its our duty to take good care of the old.How long d
2、id it take you to finish the work?It is difficult for us to finish writing the article in an hour.(该句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等)第2页/共25页 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.(该句型中，常用表示赞扬或批评及人物性格特征的词，如：careless,clever,good,foolish,ho
3、nest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等，并用of+sb.引出不定式的逻辑主语)=You are stupid to write down It seemed(appeared)impossible to save money.第3页/共25页2）作宾语 I find it difficult to understand him.(后有补足语时，用形式宾语it代替不定式)3）作宾语补足语 The policeman observed the man open the window.(有些动词后用不定式作宾语补足语时，必须省去 不定式符号to，这些
4、动词有make,let,see,watch,hear,have,feel.)(Help后可省可不省)第4页/共25页4）作定语 I write with a pen.I use a pen to write with.The woman has three children to look after.5）动词+疑问词+不定式 I dont know what to do.When to start has not been decided.The problem is which to take first.第5页/共25页6）作状语 We went to the station to we
5、lcome the delegation.(表示目的)We finished the experiment to find that the results were all the same.(表示结果)I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry to leave.(表示原因)第6页/共25页3.不定式的逻辑主语 通常由for+名词或代词 It is easy for you to teach Mary.Can you arrange for a car to take us there?It was very nice of you to
6、think so much of us.4.不定式的否定形式 在不定式符号to前加上not He asked us not to be late.Their decision not to go to school is surprising.第7页/共25页5.带to 不定式与不带to 不定式 不定式通常带to,在某些固定搭配中不带to,在另外一些搭配中带to 不带to 均可。1）在情态助动词之后 must,can,may,need,dare.+动词原形 need,dare作情态助动词跟不带to 不定式；作主动词跟带to 不定式 我们必须更加努力学习。We need work harder.
7、你不必这么大声讲话。You neednt talk so loud.第8页/共25页你非得走这么快吗？Need you walk so quickly?We need to work harder.You dont need to talk so loud.Do you need to walk so quickly?她不敢做那件事。She dare not do it.She doesnt dare to do it.第9页/共25页2）在半助动词之后 半助动词：介于主动词和助动词(can,may,must,will,should)之间的词类，本身带有词义.如,be about to,hav
8、e to,had better 你肯定能成功。You are sure/certain/bound/likely to succeed.我在街上碰巧被老师碰到了。I happen to be met in the street by my T.第10页/共25页3）在情态成语之后 would rather/sooner/as soon(宁愿)；may/might as well(不妨，可以)；cannot(help)but(不能不，不由得不)would rather/sooner/as soon do than/as do 他宁死不投降。He would rather die than sur
9、render.他宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去看电影。He would sooner stay at home as go to the cinema.第11页/共25页4）在rather than/sooner than 之后 “宁可(主句)而不(从句)”rather than/sooner than在句首时，带省to 不定式 rather than/sooner than在句中时,带或不带to均可 他宁愿写信，也不愿发电子邮件。Rather than send an e-mail,he wrote a letter.He wrote a letter rather than(to)send an
10、e-mail.第12页/共25页5）在主动词+主动词 固定搭配的第一主动词之 后，即第二主动词不带to make believe(假装)；hear tell of(听说)；make do with/on(凑合，将就)6）在使役动词+宾语之后，用不带 to不定式 let,make,have do,但在被动态中，转为 带to 不定式 我要他在公园门口等我。I make him wait for me at the gate of the park.He was made to wait for me at the gate of the park.第13页/共25页7）在感觉动词+宾语之后，不带t
11、o see/look at/hear/listen to/feel do,但在被 动态中，转为带to 不定式 抢劫者注意/看到他进了银行。The robber observed him enter the bank.他被抢劫者注意到进了银行。He was observed to enter the bank by 第14页/共25页8）在have known+宾语之后 看过，听过，带省to 不定式,但在被动态中 转为带to 不定式 我从未看到过她发脾气。I have never known her lose her temper.She has never been known to lose
12、 her temper9）在help 之后带或不带to均可第15页/共25页10）在介词except/but 之后 前有 do,后省to,前无 do,后加do 注：在SVC句型中，主语有do，主补不定式可带to,也可不带to 除了做饭之外她什么都会。She can do everything but cook.他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气。He had considered everything except to consider the weather.第16页/共25页11)在why/why not?之后，不带to Why blame her?Why not tell her the
13、truth?12）在其他一些习惯用法中，不带to Go post a letter for me.(=Go and post)Come have a chat with me.(=Come and have)第17页/共25页1.Rather than _ run the risk of losing every-thing they accepted his term.2.Did you feel the pickpocket _ snatch your bracelet?3.I could do nothing but _ pretend that I did not know it.4.
14、Dont let there _ be any noise./第18页/共25页5.Hold it tight and dont let _ go.6.Sooner than _ travel by airbus,Id prefer a week on a big liner.7.Don Jose had grown morose and rarely left the house except _ attend Mass.8.Why not _ urge him _ reconsider his decision?9.After he had finished speaking.Mr Jon
15、es was made _ answer innumerable questions./tototo第19页/共25页10.Why dont you get your wife _ explain it to you?11.Let things go _ hang.12.We have never known him _ lose his temper before.13.The prisoners were let _ go.14.I dont want here _ be any misunderstand-ing between us.toto/第20页/共25页15.Help the
16、girl in front of you _ carry the baskets.16.He resigned rather than _ stifle his conscience.17.All Im trying to do is _ try to get this thing off the ground.18.In the library I noticed Diana _ talk for a moment with David alone.19.Ive heard _ say that she has left.(to)(to)(to)/第21页/共25页20.What he di
17、d was _ throw his arms around the boy and embrace him.21.The children are making _ believe that theyre princes and princesses.22.What Id like to do now is _ give you some idea of how we actually went about making it.23.He let _ drop the suggestion that we should meet him in town.(to)(to)/第22页/共25页24
18、.I heard the car brakes _ screech,as the driver braked _ turn the corner.25.That man has never been known _ tell a lie.26.Her whole life had been spent in listening to other people _ talk.27.Roger was looking for someone _ help him.28.Daniel held out his arm to her.She had no choice but _ obey./totototo/第23页/共25页29.What could I do then except _ watch them _ carry you away?30.There was nothing to do but _ escape./第24页/共25页感谢您的观看！第25页/共25页