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1、Text Structure AnalysisThe passage looks like a report.The relationship between the parts is best brought out by questions and answers.While reading the passage,the readers would naturally ask themselves some questions as a way of predicting what is to follow.Now lets examine the structure of Text A
2、 from the perspective(观点）of questions and answers.第1页/共146页PartsPart I.Part II.Part III.Part IV.第2页/共146页Part I.Part One is the first two paragraphs and the title “Where Principles Come First”,which brings us the question:What are the principles?It is telling us the principles of the Hyde School.第3页
3、/共146页Part II.Since the principles of the Hyde School are somewhat different from other schools,the readers would wonder whether the principles are accepted by other schools.When we read on,we find the writer tries to answer the question in Paragraphs 3 to 11,which is the second part of the article.
4、第4页/共146页Part III.Since the Hyde School principles have been rejected as well as appreciated,we wonder what the detailed principles or approaches are for the Hyde School.This leads us to Part Three,which consists of five paragraphs,from Paragraph 12 to 16.第5页/共146页Part IV.Part Four consists of the l
5、ast three paragraphs,from paragraph 17 to 19.Now that we are clear about the Hyde Schools principles,the acceptability of the principles in public schools and what the schools detailed principles are,we would naturally ask the question:Are these principles good or beneficial to the teachers as well
6、as the students?第6页/共146页see.asconsider sb.or sth.to be 认为.是Do you see the new leader as the hope of the company?你认为新领导是公司的希望吗?第7页/共146页be scheduled to dobe arranged to do 被安排，定于She is scheduled to give a speech tonight.她定于今晚作演讲。第8页/共146页over ones protestin spite of ones protest 不顾某人的抗议The police ma
7、de her pay a fine over her protest.警察不顾她的抗议叫她交付了罚款。第9页/共146页put forthshow;bring sth.such as strength into action 使出；发挥Putting forth a great effort,he uprooted the tree.他使了很大的劲儿把树拔了出来。第10页/共146页complete withincluding;supplied with 包括；具有He wore the whole rabbit outfit,complete with teeth.他完全一套兔子的装扮，齐全
8、得连牙齿都有。第11页/共146页do ones utmosttry as hard as one can 竭尽全力I did my utmost to stop them.我曾竭尽全力阻止他们。第12页/共146页work outfind a way of doing sth.制订；找到Well work out our schedule.我们将制订出一份时间表。第13页/共146页at the outset at the beginning 开始Youd better decide at the outset what kind of learning program you want t
9、o follow.你最好一开始就确定你要选择哪一种学习方案。第14页/共146页kind ofslightly;to some extent 有点儿；有几分Im not sure why,but I feel kind of sorry for him.我不知道为什么，但我有点儿替他惋惜。第15页/共146页Paragraph 1The Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth,courage,integrity,leadership,cu
10、riosity and concern,then academic achievement naturally follows.Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the$18,000-a-year high school in Bath,Maine,which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters.第16页/共146页Paragraph 2We dont see ourselves a
11、s a school for a type of kid,says Malcolm Gauld,Josephs son,who graduated from Hyde and is now headmaster.“We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of lifeby cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.第17页/共146页Paragraph 3Now,Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controve
12、rsial Character First idea to public,inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.The first Hyde public school program opened in September 1992.Within months the program was suspended.Teachers protested the programs demands and the strain as
13、sociated with more intense work.第18页/共146页Paragraph 4This fall,the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore.Teachers will be trained to later work throughout the entire Baltimore system.Other US school managers are eyeing the program,too.Last fall,the Hy
14、de Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,over parents protests.The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students.第19页/共146页Paragraph 5As in Maine,the quest for truth is also widespread at the schoo
15、l in Connecticut.In one English class,the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale.第20页/共146页Paragraph 6-11I get a 10.“I challenge that.You didnt do either your grammar or your spelling homework.OK,a seven.You oug
16、ht to get a six.“Wait,I put my best effort forth here.Yeah,but you didnt ask questions today.第21页/共146页Paragraph 12Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed.He notes no amount of change with the horse and carriage will produce an automob
17、ile.The Hyde School assumes every human being has a unique potential that is based on character,not intelligence or wealth.Conscience and hard work are valued.Success is measured by growth,not academic achievement.Students are required to take responsibility for each other.To avoid the controversy o
18、f other character programs used in US schools,Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.第22页/共146页Paragraph 13The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for colle
19、ge,complete with English,history,math and science.But all students are required to take performing arts and sports,and provide a community service.For each course,students get a grade for academic achievement and for best effort.At Bath,97%of the graduates attend four-year colleges.第23页/共146页Paragra
20、ph 14Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.For the student to gain admission,parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups,go to a yearly three-day regional r
21、etreat,and spend at least three times a year in workshops,discussion groups and seminars at Bath.Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95%in the many sessions.Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts.The biggest
22、 obstacle for many parents,they say,is to realize their own weaknesses.第24页/共146页Paragraph 15The process for public school parents is still being worked out,with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parents that it is worthwhile for them to participate.Of the 100 students enroll
23、ed in New Haven,about 30%of the parents attend special meetings.The low attendance is in spite of commitments they made at the outset of the program when Hyde officials interviewed 300 families.第25页/共146页Paragraph 16Once the problems are worked out,Hyde should work well in public schools,says a teac
24、her at Bath who taught for 14 years in public schools.He is optimistic that once parents make a commitment to the program,they will be daily role models for their children,unlike parents whose children are in boarding schools.第26页/共146页Paragraph 17One former inner-city high school teacher who now wo
25、rks in the New Haven program,says teachers also benefit.Here we really begin to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student.Our focus is really about teacher to student and then we together deal with the.academics.In the traditional high school setting,its teacher to the material and t
26、hen to the student.“The teacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde.Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students.第27页/共146页Paragraph 18Jimmy DiBattista,19,is amazed he will graduate this May from the Bath campus and plans to attend a university.Years ago,he had seen his future as
27、“jail,not college.DiBattista remembers his first days at Hyde.第28页/共146页Paragraph 19When I came here,I insulted and cursed everybody.Every other school was,Get out,we dont want to deal with you.I came here and they said,We kind of like that spirit.We dont like it with the negative attitudes.We want
28、to turn that spirit positive.第29页/共146页第一段海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，每年的学费高达1.8万美元，因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。第30页/共146页第二段“我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校，”马尔科姆高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。“我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责，办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。”第31页/共14
29、6页第三段现在，乔高尔德(约瑟夫高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。但几个月后，该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。第32页/共146页第四段今年秋天，海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。去年秋天，在家长的一片抗议声中，海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民
30、担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。第33页/共146页第五段就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上，11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照110的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。第34页/共146页第 六 十一段“我得10分。”“我有意见。你既没做语法作业，也没做拼写练习。”“那好，就7分吧。”“你只能得6分。”“等等，我可是全力以赴的。”“是的，可你今天没提问。”第35页/共146页第十二段在解释自己的教育方法时，乔高尔德指出，对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说“无论怎样改革”，用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。海德中学认为“每一个
31、人都有自己的独特潜能”，这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。良知和苦干受到推崇。成功由不断进步来衡量，而不是由学习成绩来评定。学生必须相互负责。为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议，高尔德解释说，“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。第36页/共146页第十三段海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似，包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中，学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市，97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。第37页/共146页第十四
32、段在海德中学的综合教育中，父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取，家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组)，每年去区域休养所三天，每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中，缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆高尔德都说，当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时，他们也会竭尽全力。他们说，对许多家长而言，最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。第38页/共146页第十五段公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多，因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中，
33、有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺，当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。第39页/共146页第十六段巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说，一旦问题得到解决，海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为，一旦家长们投入到计划当中，他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样，这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。第40页/共146页第十七段一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说，教师也能从中受益。“在这里，我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系，然后是师生共同探讨学业。而
34、在传统的中学里，是先考虑教师和教材的关系，然后再考虑师生关系。”师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。第41页/共146页第十八段19岁的吉米迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月将从巴思校区毕业，并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。几年前，他还觉得自己的前途“是在监狱，而不是在大学”。迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。第42页/共146页第十九段“我来这儿时，见人就侮辱，就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说：滚出去！我们这儿不要你。我来到这儿，他们却说：我们有几分喜欢这种活力，但并不喜欢它消极的一面，我们要将它转化成积极的东西。”第43页/共146页Language Point 1Hyde S
35、chool founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the$18,000-a-year high school in Bath,Maine,which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters.(Para.1)Meaning:Joseph Gauld,the founder of the Hyde School,declares that the program at the high school in Bath,M
36、aine is successful.The school,which charges a student$18,000 per year,has drawn considerable attention from the public and news media because of its successful work with troubled students.第44页/共146页Language pointWe dont see ourselves as a school for a type of kid(paragraph.2)Meaning:In our opinion,o
37、ur school is not a school for a particular type of student 第45页/共146页Language Point 2 We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of lifeby cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.(Para.2)Meaning:We think our duty is to prepare students for a way of lifeby teaching th
38、em a complete set of principles that can influence all students.Dont confuse“comprehensive”with“comprehensible”which means“easy to understand”.The book is written in clear,comprehensible language.这本书语言清楚易懂。第46页/共146页cultivatevt.1.develop a particular skill or quality 培养 She seems to spend her life t
39、rying to cultivate her career.她的一生似乎都在耕耘其事业。2.make land suitable for growing crops or plants 耕种，耕作She also cultivated a small garden of her own.她自己也种了一小块菜地。第47页/共146页comprehensivea.including many details or aspects of sth.综合的；全面的She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.她对该学科有全面的了解。第48页/共146页cont
40、roversiala.causing disagreement 有争议的；引起争论的He is a controversial person.他是一个很有争议的人。第49页/共146页Language Point 3Now,Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public,innercity schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.(Para.
41、3)Meaning:Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes firstan idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreementto inner-city public schools which used to spend the tax dollars on the traditional program but now are willing to spend the money on the new program.第50页/共14
42、6页Note that Joe stands for Joseph.People often use an informal and usually shorter form of someones first name,especially in conversation.Many names have traditional short forms.For example,people may call a person Jim for Jimmy,Rich for Richard,Tom for Tomas,Will for William,etc.第51页/共146页suspendvt
43、.1.officially stop sth.for a short time 暂停，中止The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，船运服务暂停了。2.hang sth.up 悬；挂They suspended a rope from a branch.他们把一根绳子吊在树枝上。第52页/共146页Language pointTeachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense wor
44、k.Meaning:Teachers said they didnt like the programs demands which are too high and the stress that came from more intense work.第53页/共146页strainn.C,U pressure caused by a difficult situation 负担；压力He finds his new job a real strain.他发现新工作的确压力大。第54页/共146页strainvt.1.injure oneself by stretching a muscl
45、e too much 扭伤，拉伤Youll strain yourself trying to lift that heavy weight.搬这么重的东西你会弄伤自己的。2.make a relationship tense 使关系紧张After the agreement there was a strained silence.争执过后是令人紧张的沉默。第55页/共146页ing before the main or most important part of sth.预备的；初步的Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the
46、 competition.我队在预赛中被打败了。第56页/共146页Language Point 4 Last fall,the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,over parents protests.(Para.4)Meaning:Last fall,in spite of protests from parents,the Hyde Foundation opened an attractive prog
47、ram within a public school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut.A magnet program is one that attracts students by offering unique opportunities for in depth experiences and study in specific educational fields.第57页/共146页energetica.full of energy;very active 精力充沛的；充满活力的I tried to keep up with him,
48、but he was too energetic for me.我想跟上他，但对我来说他精力太充沛了。第58页/共146页Language Point 5I challenge that.(Para.7)Meaning:I dont agree.第59页/共146页Language Point 6Wait,I put my best effort forth here.(Para.10)Meaning:No,I dont agree.I made great efforts here.“第60页/共146页conventionala.of the traditional or accepted
49、 type 传统的；常规的As an artist I found him very dull and conventionalhes not willing to try anything new.我觉得他是一个非常乏味守旧的艺术家他从不打算进行新的尝试。第61页/共146页reformvt.1.improve sth.by correcting errors,or make a system work more effectively 改革；改进Who will reform this unfair system?谁将对这一不公正的制度进行改革？n.C,U a change made in
50、 order to improve sth.改革；改进Some reforms to the system will be necessary.对该制度进行一些改革是有必要的。第62页/共146页Language Point 7Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed.(Para.12)Meaning:When he explains his approach to education,Joe Gauld says there