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1、单词学习单词学习palace extraordinary exhibition iron various machinery display steam profit college n.宫殿adj.不平常的，非凡的n.展览n.铁adj.各种各样的n.机器n.展览n.蒸汽n.利润n.学院第1页/共84页palace宫殿n.这是一座豪华的宫殿。Thisisaluxurypalace.英国女王住在白金汉宫。TheQueenofEnglandlivesinBuckinghamPalace.luxurylk()r奢侈的第2页/共84页extraordinaryadj.不平常的，非凡的，奇怪的他竟然在晚
2、会上睡觉，简直太奇怪了Itsextraordinarythathesleptthroughtheparty.他的记忆力惊人。Hehasanextraordinarymemory.第3页/共84页exhibition展览n.他们举办了一个高科技产品的展览。Theyheldanexhibitiononhi-techproducts.makeanexhibitionofoneself(做蠢事而使自己)丢脸,出洋相恐怕弗兰克喝醉了并且出了洋相。ImafraidFrankgotdrunkandmadeanexhibitionofhimself.hi-tech是hightechnology高科技的简写第4
3、页/共84页iron（1）n.铁中国出口铁。Chinaexportediron.打铁要趁热。Strikewhiletheironishot.（2）n.熨斗（3）v.熨衣服你能帮我熨下衣服吗？Couldyouironmethisshirt?第5页/共84页various各种各样的学校收到了教育部的各种奖学金。Theschoolhasreceivedvariousgrantsfromtheeducationdepartment.由于各种各样的原因，她接受了这份工作。Shetookthejobforvariousreasons.做这件事有各种各样的方法。Therearevariouswaysofdo
4、ingthis.第6页/共84页machinery（1）机器（总称）这是一台极好的机器。Thisisawonderfulpieceofmachinery.一大批新机器是从美国进口的。AlotofnewmachinerywasimportedfromAmerica.（2）社会、政治等之制度,机构,组织,机关themachineryofgovernment政治机构themachineryofthelaw司法机关第7页/共84页display（1）n.展览中山公园每年举办花展。AflowerdisplayisheldeveryyearintheZhongshanPark.（2）v.展览各种款式的套装
5、被陈列于橱窗中Variousstylesofsuitsare displayedintheshopwindows.第8页/共84页steam（1）n.蒸汽谁发明的蒸汽机？Whoinventedsteamengine?他的眼镜蒙上了一层薄薄的水汽。Hisglasseswerecoveredwithafilmofsteam.（2）v.冒蒸汽Thekettleissteaming.那只茶壶在冒著蒸汽第9页/共84页profit（1）n.利润净利netprofit毛利Grossprofit他们通过削减成本增加了赢利。Theyincreasedprofitsbycuttingdownthecost.这是
6、一项赢利的投资。Thisisaprofit-makinginvestment.Storeshaventmadeasmuchprofitasusualthisyear.Theprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges第10页/共84页（2）(U)利益,好处你将从学习中获得益处Youwillgetprofitfromyourstudies.（3）v.获益智者由自己的过失中得到教益Awisepersonprofitsfromhismistakes.Ihaveprofitedmuchfromyouradvice/thisbook/
7、livingabroad.第11页/共84页College学院n.她去年上的大学。Shewenttocollegelastyear.他在医学院上学。Hestudiesatamedicalcollege.第12页/共84页PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCristalPalacewhichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.bebuiltfor为.而建GreatExhibition=Worldsfair世界博览会fair可以指展览会书展abookf
8、airSentence&Expressions第13页/共84页TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.bedifferentfrom与.不同送交的货品与样品大不相同Thegoodsdeliveredwereverydifferentfromthesample.deliverdlv交付；发表；递送；释放for表原因:！for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。Forheisill,heisabsenttoday.Heisab
9、senttoday,forheisill.be made of -用.制造(用于原材料显而易见的场合)lThe desk is made of wood.be made from-由.所做成的(用于原材料不易看出的场合)lThe paper is made from wood.第17页/共84页It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.of all time 空前的，有史以来（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）He is one o
10、f the greatest men of all time.“one of=最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.第18页/共84页Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.agreatmany很多Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.
11、ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmythssteamhammer.ondisplay/onshow:展出的；在句子中可以作状语、定语或表语等主要出口商品的样品将全部在交易会上展出。SamplesofallmajorexportgoodswillbeondisplayatthefairShallweputalltheseflowersondisplay/show?我们要把所有这些花都陈列出来吗?machinery：机器、机械装置的总称，是集合名词，要与单数动词搭配。某个具体的机器可用machine或者apieceofmachinery来表示
12、Thisisawonderfulpieceofmachinery/awonderfulmachine.第19页/共84页Thoughinthosedays,travellingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.though:引导状语从句，表示转折，接近汉语中的“虽然”，但是不和but连用Asas和一样他和你一样高Heisastallasyou(are).我和她一样爱你Iloveyouasmuchasshe(does).第20页/共84页Onarriving
13、inEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.On+v.ing:相当于一个时间状语=AssoonastheyarrivedinEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.=SoonaftertheyarrivedinEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.一到东京,我就打电话给他OnarrivinginTokyo,Icalledhimonthephone.第22页/共84页Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,a
14、ndtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.inall共计共计有100人参加。Therewereinallahundredpersonspresent.Attheweddingtherewereover100peopleinall.第24页/共84页beusedtodo被用于树木用于造纸Treesareusedtomakepaper.usedtodo过去常常做某事我过去抽烟，但是几年前我戒了。Iusedtosmoke,butIgaveupacoupleofyearsago.beusedtodoing习惯于做某事你
15、会习惯每天走路上班的。Youwillbeusedtowalkingtoworkeveryday.acoupleof两个,几个couplekp()l对；夫妇；数个第25页/共84页Later,theCristalPalacewasmovedtosouthLondon.Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.remain“保持不变，仍然”你为什么在晚宴上保持沉默？Whydidyouremainsilentatthedinnerparty?当经理讲话的时候，他们都站着。Theyallremain
16、edstandingwhilethemanagertalked.burndown烧掉这幢大楼是上周烧毁的Thebuildingwasburneddownlastweek第26页/共84页重点短语 Crystal Palace 水晶宫 Great Exhibition 世界博览会 of all time 空前的 a great many 许多 on display/on show 展出 get profit from 从中获利 burn down 烧掉 第27页/共84页longlongerlongestlatelaterlatestbigbiggerbiggesthappyhappierhap
17、piestl单音节词、一部分的双音节词：词尾加后缀er 或est 构成其比较级和最高级 第30页/共84页beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulinterestingmore interestingmost interestingdifficultmore difficultmost difficultoftenmore oftenmost oftenl多音节词、另一部分双音节词：在adj./adv.前加more或most构成第31页/共84页goodbetterbestbadworseworstmanymoremostlittlelessleastfarf
18、arther/furtherfarthest/furthest第32页/共84页形容词最高级的用法1.形容词最高级有时单独使用，但前面需加定冠词：Whats the best time to go there?什么时候到那儿去最好？Express mail is the fastest way to send a letter.快递是寄信的最快办法。Its the latest fashion from Paris.这是巴黎来的最新式样。The oldest is only nine.最大的才九岁。The highest mountain in Japan is Fuji.日本最高的山是富士山
19、。In Western Europe Germany has the most people.在西欧德国人口最多。第33页/共84页2.有时跟一个短语或从句说明在哪个范围内如此：It is the largest island in Europe.它是欧洲最大的岛。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.昨天是今年最热的一天。The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country.长江是我国最大的河流。It was the cheapest hotel we could find.这是我们能找到的最便宜的旅馆。
20、This was the best beer(that)I have ever drunk.这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。It was the worst film we had ever seen.这是我们看过的最糟的电影。第34页/共84页3.形容词前有时有定语或状语修饰：Its second largest city is Osaka.它的第二大城市是大阪。The third largest city is Los Angeles.第三大城市是洛杉矶。She was by far the most active member in our group.她是我们小组最积极的成员。4.形容词最高级
21、有时表示“非常”的意思，这时前面可加不定冠词或不加定冠词：Its a most touching story.这是一个非常动人的故事。It was most stupid to act like that.这样做是非常愚蠢的。5.形容词最高级还可用在某些短语中(这时常转化为名词)：She is ten years old at most.她至多十岁。Well do our best.我们将尽力而为。第35页/共84页带as(so)as的结构1.在表示“和一样”时，可用“as.as”结构(前面的as后要用原形)：He is as busy as before.他还是和以前一样忙。Ill give
22、 you as much help as I can.我将尽量帮助你。The airport was as crowded as ever.机场还是像平常那样拥挤。Youre as good a singer as Johnny Buck.你的歌唱得像约尼伯克一样好。Modern computers can be as small as a book.现在的电脑可以像一本书那样大。第36页/共84页2.在表示“不像那样”时可用“not as(so).as”这种结构：It isnt so cold as yesterday.今天不像昨天那样冷。He is not so handsome as h
23、is brother.他不像他哥哥那样英俊。Im not so experienced as you think.我没有你想的那样有经验。The situation is not so bad as had been painted.形势没有描绘的那样糟糕。Jack is not as(so)old as he looks.杰克不像他看起来那样老。第37页/共84页3.这种结构中也可包含一个状语或有almost,just,nearly,quite这类副词形容：The whale was twice as long as her boat.那头鲸有她的那艘船的两倍长。Their house is
24、 about three times as big as ours.他们的房子约为我们房子三倍大。My command of English is not half so good as yours.我的英语掌握得还不及你的一半好。He was almost as diligent as his sister.他几乎和她姐姐一样勤奋。She is nearly as tall as her mother.她几乎和她妈妈一样高。第38页/共84页4.as.as还可用在许多固定说法中：as brave as a lion as busy as a bee as vain as a peacocks
25、oft as velvetas bright as day像白天一样明亮as fat as a pig as gentle as a lamb 性情温顺如小羊as easy as ABCvain ven 徒劳的；自负的；无结果的；无用的peacockpikk孔雀velvet vlvt 天鹅绒，丝绒；第39页/共84页关于 on 的短语：on display/show 展出，陈列 This is the best dress on display/show.这是展出的最好的衣服。on business 因公（与for pleasure相对）Last month he went to New Yo
26、rk on business and had little time to visit friends.on foot 步行（与by bus,by car,by air等相对）I usually go to work by car,but this morning I went on foot.on duty 值班，值班的 It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.on the whole 总的看来，总的来说，大体上 On the whole,he is a hard-working student.第40页/共84页on fire
27、 起火，着火 Soon the whole building was on fire.on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（与by chance相对）They have come here on purpose to see you.She broke the vase on purpose.on the average 平均，通常 On the average,he works more than ten hours a day.on any account 无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）Do not interrupt him on any account.You mustn
28、t on any account sign the contract before you read it.on second thought(s)经重新考虑后（thought用单数或复数均可）I intended to go to the party,but on second thought(s),I decided to stay at home.第41页/共84页SummaryThe Crystal Palace,which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851,was different from other buildings bec
29、ause it was made of iron and glass.Goods from various parts of the world were on display as well as a great deal of machinery.So many visitors came by boat and train that it was possible to build colleges and museums from the profits.After the exhibition,the Crystal Palace was moved to South London,
30、where it remained until it was burnt down in 1936.第42页/共84页形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名 词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。语。副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词 的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.一、形容词和副词的概念一、形容词和副词的概念第47页/共84页形容词作定语一般放在被修饰形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的的名词之前。名词之前。
31、如如:a new book,two big trees 等等。二、形容词和副词的用法二、形容词和副词的用法形容词放在系动词形容词放在系动词be、look、get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、grow、smell等等之后。之后。如如:1.I am short.2.She looks fine.3.They turn green.第48页/共84页如果如果形容词形容词修饰不定代词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，等时，要放在不定要放在不定代词后面。代词后面。如如:something interesting noth
32、ing new副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副 词之词之前前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如如:1.She works hard.（修饰动词）2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词）3.He runs too quickly.（修饰副词）4.We play happily.（修饰动词）第49页/共84页通常在形容词后加通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。变成副词。slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _slowlyusuallyeasi
33、lyheavilyreallycarefullyhappilyangrily第50页/共84页bigbiggerLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解第51页/共84页Look at the pictures and understand 看图并理解bigbiggerbiggest第52页/共84页fastLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解第53页/共84页fastfasterLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解第54页/共84页fastfasterfast
34、estLook at the pictures and understand 看图并理解第55页/共84页三、形容词和副词的级三、形容词和副词的级形容词和副词有三个等级：形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。原级：即形容词和副词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many hard,happily,slowly,quickly 程度副词程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容等修饰形容词和副词的原级。词和副词的原级。如：如：very tall、too hot、so cold quite interesting
35、 run quickly 第56页/共84页 asas,(与与一样）一样）not as（so)as（与（与不一样）中间用原级。不一样）中间用原级。The story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as/so difficult as that one.2.比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示表示表示表示“较较较较”或或或或“更更更更一些一些一些一些”。标志标志词：词：than(比）比）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-er结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加mo
36、re.如如:smaller,better,taller,older,more,harder more interesting,more quickly3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。的比较。标志词：标志词：in+大范围大范围,of all,of+the+具体的数字具体的数字 表示表示表示表示“最最最最”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。（两者以上用最高级）单音节词通常是单音节词通常是-est结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加结尾；多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前加most.在形在形容词的最高级前必须加容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可以不加
37、。如副词之前可以不加。如：smallest,tallest,newest,best most interesting,most difficultly 第57页/共84页 构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-er/或或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母以字母e结尾的形容词，加结尾的形容词，加-r或或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或或
38、-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词，先改先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先结尾的双音节词，先改改“y”为为“i”,再加再加-er或或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加在词前加more或或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：的
39、构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：第58页/共84页 不规则变化，不规则变化，要多加注意哦要多加注意哦！good bad many little well badly much far betterbestworseworstmoremostlessleastbetterbestfartherfarthestworseworstmoremost第59页/共84页important _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin _ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _heavy_ _de
40、licious_ _much_ _给出下列词的比较级和最高级给出下列词的比较级和最高级 more importantmost importanteasiereasiestwetterwettesthappierhappiestmore carefulmost carefulthinnerthinnestbetterbesthotterhottestmore easilymost easilymoremostnicernicestbiggerbiggestheavierheaviestmore deliciousmost deliciousmoremost第60页/共84页More exampl
41、es:1.Mary is cleverer than her little sister.2.The new building is higher than the old one.3.His shirt is more expensive than mine.4.Kate is more beautiful than Lily is.5.She is five years older than I am.6.He is 2 centimeters taller than her.7.This ruler is 20 centimeters longer than that one.第61页/
42、共84页比较级的用法：比较级的用法：than1.汤姆比杰克高.2.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.3.那些苹果比这些大.4.第一个问题很容易第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易但第二个更容易.Tom is taller than Jack.This box is bigger than that one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.The first question is very easy,but the second one is easier.第62页/共84页形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级的用法(in;of)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的那个短发
43、的女孩是我们班最高的.今天是一年中最热的一天今天是一年中最热的一天.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.上海是中国最大的城市上海是中国最大的城市.The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class.Today is the hottest day of the year.His room is the cleanest of the three.Shanghai is the largest in China.第63页/共84页(2)数量的比较数量的比较1.我的笔比你的多.2.我喝的茶比他多.3.他吃的饭比我少.4.一班的
44、学生比二班多.I have more pens than you(do).I drink more tea than he(does).He has less rice than I(do).There are more students in Class 1 than in Class 2.第64页/共84页1.The new building is higher than the old one.Those apples are bigger than these ones.2.His shirt is more expensive than mine.如果主语是物主代词如果主语是物主代词
45、+名词，那么后面要用名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词。比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在特别注意在than或或 as 之后不要漏掉可能出现之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词的替代词 that,those,one,ones.第65页/共84页5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of+the+最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词 Which/Who+比较级，比较级，A or B
46、?Which/Who+最高级，最高级，A ，B or C?6.Who is older,Jim or Tom?Who is the tallest,Jim,Mike or Tom Which language is _,English,French or Chinese?A.difficult B.more difficult C.the most difficultC第66页/共84页5.The city is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of+the+最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词 Which/Who+比较级，比较级，
47、A or B?Which/Who+最高级，最高级，A ，B or C?6.Who is older,Jim or Tom?Who is the tallest,Jim,Mike or Tom Which language is _,English,French or Chinese?A.difficult B.more difficult C.the most difficultC第67页/共84页7.Mary is the tallest of all the sisters in the family.在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括在使用形容词最高级时，一定要把自己包括 在比较的范
48、围内。在比较的范围内。8.This is the third largest city in China.当表示当表示“第二，第三第二，第三”等意思时，经常在最高等意思时，经常在最高级的前面加级的前面加second,third,等词。等词。9.Its our largest machine in our factory.当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词定冠词the.第68页/共84页难点练习：1.on duty 2.on second thoughts 3.on purpose 4.on foot 5.on the whole 6.on any a
49、ccount 7.On the average 第78页/共84页多选答案：多选答案：1.c 根据课文第3-4行，只有c.是课文所暗示的并能说明水晶宫与其他建筑不同的原因，而其他3个选择虽然都与课文内容相符，但都不是水晶宫与其他建筑不同的原因，所以只有选c.是正确答案。2.b 根据课文第10-11行 and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges 暗示出博览会是非常成功的，所以只有b.highly successful 是正确的，与课文所暗示的情况相符。而其他3个选择a.failure(失败
50、)，c.not very profitable(不太获利的)和d.spoilt by fire(被烧毁)都与课文内容不符。3.d 只有选d.In 才符合语法，因为英语中“在某年”需要用介词in,而其他3个选择都不能用在年代前面，所以选d.第79页/共84页4.a 本句需要一个同前一句中的A great many(大量的,很多)含义最接近的词组.才能与前一句意思相接近.a.quite a few(相当多,不少)只能修饰可数名词.b.quite a little(不少,相当多)只能修饰不可数名词 c.not too many(不太多)意思与a great many 相反 d.very much(很