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1、会计学1虚拟语气完整虚拟语气完整n n虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等DefinitionSubjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）第1页/共28页虚拟语气虚拟语气Types第2页/共28页条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来过去式过去式(did/were)过去完成时过去完成时had donewould/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have d
2、one1.过去式过去式2.should+V.(原原)3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)1.If 型型第3页/共28页 例句例句例句例句 1.If I 1.If I werewere you,I you,I would gowould go at once.at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你事实上我不可能是你)2.If you 2.If you had comehad come a few minutes earlier,you a few minutes
3、 earlier,you would would have methave met him.him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过与过去事实相反去事实相反)3.If it 3.If it werewere sunny tomorrow,I sunny tomorrow,I would comewould come to see to see you.you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可与将来事实可能相反能相反)第4页/共28页If型特例型特例1：混杂条件句：混杂条件句（错综时间虚拟语气）（错综时间
4、虚拟语气）定义：定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同If they had studied hard,they could do it easily now.与过去相反与过去相反与现在相反与现在相反第5页/共28页If型特例型特例2：省略：省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句：用法：用法：从句中有 were,had 或 should 时，省略if，而把它们放在句首，构成倒装句。3.If you had not helped me，I should have failed.2.If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try aga
5、in.1.If I were you,I would not do that.Were I you,I would not do that.Should he fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.Had you not helped me,I should have failed.第6页/共28页三个建议三个建议四个要四个要求求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,ask2.Should+v（原）型（原）型两个命令两个命令一个坚持一个坚持
6、1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的词有：句中。这种用法的词有：第7页/共28页TIPST.or F.T.or F.You pale face You pale face suggestssuggests that you(should)be ill.that you(should)be ill.Your pale face Your pale face suggests suggests that you are ill.that you are ill.I I insisted insisted that you(should
7、)be wrong.that you(should)be wrong.I I insistedinsisted that you were wrong.that you were wrong.insist/suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即即（should）+do;Insist 表示表示“坚持认为，坚持说坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实。表示事实。Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示
8、”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气虚拟语气第8页/共28页 用于表语、同位语、主语从句用于表语、同位语、主语从句在在suggestion/proposal/order/advice/request/demand 等名词等名词后的表语和同位语从句中后的表语和同位语从句中 要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略第9页/共28页2.It is suggested/ordered/requested/proposed/demanded that从句从句从句从句中的中的 谓语谓语 动动 词词用用should+动词动词原形原形，should 可以可以省略省略类
9、似用法的词有类似用法的词有：important,necessary，eager,essensial,vital,strange，natural，desired，a pity,a shame,no wonder,.第10页/共28页Wish/As if(though)Wish/As if(though)3.类似类似 if 型型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rather/If only But for+n/Without+n Its(high)time+that第11页/共28页Wish/As if/（though）+从句从句现在现在:过去时（过去时（were/did）过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时
10、(had done)未来未来:would/could/might+V.(原原)should类似类似 if 型（型（1）第12页/共28页 例句例句 1.I wish I1.I wish I were were 30 years younger.30 years younger.2.I wish(that)you 2.I wish(that)you would getwould get a good job.a good job.3.He wished he 3.He wished he hadnhadn t donet done it.it.4.He treats the little gir
11、l as if she 4.He treats the little girl as if she werewere hishis own own daughter.daughter.他想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。第13页/共28页would rather thatif only+从句从句现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.类似类似 if 型
12、（型（2）第14页/共28页Its(high)time+that过去时过去时(were/did)Should(不省不省)+V.你该走了。你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.类似类似 if 型（型（3）第15页/共28页类似类似 if 型（型（4）虚拟语气虚拟语气but for+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否则)，in
13、that case，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）,其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。+句子句子would/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have done现在现在/将来将来过去过去第16页/共28页Subjective moodIf 型型Should+v型型类似类似if型型。混杂条件句混杂条件句(各自为准各自为准)Were,had,should提前，省略提前，省略if1.一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。2.It
14、 is（necessary，strange）+that1.wish/as if 2.Would rather/if only3.It is(high)time that4.But for/otherwise/without/in that case1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成3.could、would、might+v1.过去式过去式2.过去完成过去完成Should（不省）（不省）+v/过去式过去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+have doneinsistsuggest第17页/共28页虚拟语气虚拟语气1.
15、1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missedExercisesA第18页/共28页2.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listenB第19页/共28页3.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sel
16、lA第20页/共28页n n4.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneB第21页/共28页5.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should getC第22页/共28页6.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.w
17、ere C.was D.beenA第23页/共28页7.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentB第24页/共28页8.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.hadD第25页/共28页9.I dont think it is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must goB第26页/共28页10.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenC第27页/共28页