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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In 2016 County Economic w adapted economi c developmeorkshop S nt new hang of spe ech comra normal, focused focus fielde are: this county economi d, full work storming, c work shop of main ta County economic socita sk is, full im al devel opmeplement impl ementation Ce nt re
2、ndering out contrarian tntral, and provi o good, a nd stanci al, and muni bility in t he hacipal economic work s into, a nd more shop a e poi nts breaktnd province party main leaders semi nar spirit hrough, a nd Overall a good trend. One is , recalle d sum mary results, a nalysi s judge situation, c
3、losely linked t o the transformation a nd upgradiarrangements ng of the global, de ployment compret new a hensive ennual focus w ork task, mobilization County upper a conomic power significa ntly. A ccurately gauge the mand l ower further gra sp new normal, impleme cro sit uation and based on real c
4、omprentation hensive planew conce pt, temper new style, n, strongly pr omote the sustai, show ne w as, str uggled to a dvance County economic social tra ned a nd healthy development of economy and society. a . Projensformation upgra ct support ca pacity ide science ncrea sed sigdevelopment. Foll nif
5、ica ntly. A dhere towi ng , told four a a o the inside and a spe cts of out side simf probl em: a, and full ultane ously, buil d, impl certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confi pl ementation of nati onal a nd provincial invei stment of 625 millidence an d determi nation 2015,
6、 face macr on Yuan, for State one or tw o, threer oeconomic dow , four or five specifin pressure conti nue c bond f unds and local replad increase lae d of severe situati on ceme nt bond funds of 554 milli a nd difficult heavy of reform development task, on Yuan, for the starting year of key constrC
7、ounty upper a ucti on pr ojend l ower tight at cts ha s laid a soliCentral and pr d foundati on. In ovinces seri particular the es major decision de national circular eployme nt, firmly grasp stability in the seeki conomy demonstration countie s and .two Stateng into t-level pi otal tone i lot pr, a
8、ctive oject ecol ogical al demonstration County project platforms settled i i n jing chuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reserv rv oir began, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe re servoir preparat4ion work goes well, take soli d steps for comprehensive utilization of water resource e s; city gas st
9、ation to speed up implementation of the project, I became the Countys first We st-East gas pipeline proje ct in t he surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supporte d increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial de
10、velopment as t t he primary task off the well-off, fruit production suitable for full l coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry y development area extendi ng, farming aquaculture changes t t he momentum of the show , markets + enterprise + base + farmers as they gradually introdu
11、ced measures significa a ntly strengthen standardized ma nagement, industry constantly consoli li date the basis and enrichi ng. Investment attraction results continue t o expand. Adhere to t t he soft environme e nt of excellence and impr r ove the environment are equally1 学校教育即狭义的教育, 是教育者根据一定社会或阶级
12、的要求,有目的, 有计of划,有组织地通过学校教育的工作,对受教者的身心施加影响, 促使他们朝着期望方向发展,把他们努力培养成为一定社会或阶级所需要的人才的活动。2 教育的根本属性(为什么说教育是一种社会现象):教育是一种社会现象或社会活动,实质上承认教育是人类独有的一种社会现象,即肯定了教育的社会属性 教育是培养人的社会活动 3 教育产生于原始社会末期 从而指导 4 教育学的研究对象是教育现象, 通过研究教育现象来揭示教育规律,教育实践。5 教育现象泛指教育在产生和发展过程中表现出来的各种各样的思潮,观念,条 件,要求,矛盾,问题等等。教育规律就是 教育现象 同其他社会现象或教育现象内部各构
13、成要素之间的 固有矛盾,或彼此间的内在联系。6 学记是世界上第一部较为系统地论述教育问题的著作 7 1632 年,捷克教育学家夸美纽斯在概括文艺复兴以来教育成果的基础上,公开出版了大教育学论,这是近代第一部体系完整的教育学著作,是教育学开始成为一门独立学科的标志。8 实用主义教育学的代表人物是美国著名哲学家,教育家杜威,其基本观点是:(1)教育即生活(2)教育即学生个体经验继续不断改造 (3) 学校即社会(4)(5)教育过程应重视学 课堂组织以学生的经验为中心 师生关系以儿童为中心 生自己的独立发现,表现和体验,尊重学生发展的差异性 9 在我国, 1930 年出版了杨贤江的新教育大纲 ,这是我
14、国第一部试图以马克 思主义的观点论述教育的著作。10 教育学的研究方法:观察法,历史法,调查法,统计法,行动研究 11 教育的社会功能(1)教育的经济功能:教育是劳动力再生产的重要手段:教育能把可能的劳动力转化为现实的劳动力;教育能把一般性的劳动者转化为专门性的劳动者;教育能把较低水平的劳动者提升为较高水平的劳动者;教育能把一种形态的劳动者改造为另一种形态的劳动 者;教育能把单维度的劳动者转化为多维度的劳动者 教育是科学技术再生产的手段: 教育能传递和传播科学知识; 教育是发展科学的 一个重要手段(2)教育的政治功能 教育能为社会的政治制度培养所需要的人才;教育可以促进政治民主; 教育通过传播
15、思想, 形成舆论作用于一定社会的政治制度;教育是影响社会流动的重要因素(3)教育的文化功能教育对社会文化的传承作用; 教育对社会文化的选择作用; 教育对社会文化的交流作用;教育具有创造文化的作用(4)教育的人口功能:教育可以减少人口数量,控制人口增长;教育可以改善人口素质, 提高人口质量; 教育可以使人口结构趋向合理化;教育有利于人口迁移12 人的发展就是指受教育者个体的发展。所谓的个体发展,通常指的是个体从名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In 2016 County Economic w adapted econ
16、omi c developme orkshop S e nt new hang of spe ech comra normal, focused focus fielde are: this county economi d, full work storming, c work shop of main ta County economic socisk is, full im al devel opmeeplement impl ementation Ce nt rendering out contrarian te ntral, and provi o good, and stanci
17、al, and muni cipal economic work bility in t he ha s into, a nd more shop a e poi nts breaktnd province party main leaders semi nar spirit hrough, a nd Overall a good trend. One is , recalle d summary results, a nalysi s judge situation, closely linked t o the transformation a nd upgradiarrangements
18、 ng of the global, de ployment compret new a hensive ennual focus w ork task, mobilization County upper a conomic power significa ntly. A ccurately gauge the mand l ower further gra sp new normal, impleme cro sit uation and based on real comprentation hensive planew conce pt, temper new style, n, st
19、rongly pr omote the sustai, show ne w as, str uggled to a dvance County economic social tra ned a nd healthy development of economy and society. Projensformation upgra ct support ca pacity ide science ncrea sed sigdevelopment. Foll nifica ntly. A dhere towi ng, told four a a o the inside an a spe ct
20、s of probl em: a, and full d out side simultane ously, buil d, impl certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confi pl ementation of nati onal a nd provincial invei stment of 625 millidence and determi nation 2015, face macr on Yuan, for State one or tw o, threeoeconomic dow , four
21、 or five specifin pressure conti nue c bond f unds and local replad increase lae d of severe situati on ceme nt bond funds of 554 milli a nd difficult heavy of reform development task, on Yuan, for the starting year of key constrCounty upper a ucti on pr ojend l ower tight at cts ha s laid a solit C
22、entral and pr d foundati on. In ovinces seri particular thes major decision de e national circular eployme nt, firmly grasp stability in the seeki conomy demonstration countie s and .two Stateng into t otal tone-level pi lot pr, active oject ecol ogical al demonstration County project platforms sett
23、led i i n jing chuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take soli d steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the Countys first We
24、 st-East gas pipeline proje ct in t he surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supporte d increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basi s. Battle victory industrial development as t t he primary task off the well-off, fruit production suitable
25、for full l coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extendi ng, farming aqua a culture changes t t he momentum of the show , markets + enterprise + base + farmers as they gradually introduced measures significa a ntly strengthen standardized ma nagement, industry
26、constantly consolidate the basis and enrichi ng. Investment attraction results continue t o expand. Adhere to the soft environme e nt of excellence and impr r ove the environment are equallyof出生到成人期身心有规律的变化过程,13 影响人的身心发展的因素包括遗传因素,环境因素和个体的主观能动性 各因素在人的身心发展中的作用:遗传因素:1 遗传影响人的发展 (1)遗传因素为人的身心发展提供了可能性(2)遗传
27、因素的成熟制约着身心发展的过程及其阶段(3)遗传因素的差异性对人的身心发展具有一定的影响(4)遗传因素具有可塑性 2 遗传不决定人的发展 环境因素:环境因素影响人的发展但不决定人的发展 个体的主观能动性是促使个体从潜在的可能状态转向现实状态的决定性因素 14 学校教育在人身心发展过程中其主导作用 学校教育具有较强的目的性 学校教育具有较强的系统性 学校教育具有较强的选择性 学校教育具有较强的专门性 学校教育具有较强的基础性 15 教育目的是社会对学校教育所要造就的社会成员的质量的规定或所要达到的 标准的设想。它对个人,群体及家庭的教育目的起着指导,调节,统摄作用。16 我国教育目的的基本精神:
28、(1)培养社会主义事业的建设者和接班人,坚持政治思想,道德素质和科学文 化知识相统一(2)要求学生德智体美全面发展,坚持体脑劳动两方面发展(3)要求学生个性,17 我国教育目的由德育,智育,美育,体育和劳动技术教育组成 18 学校教育制度简称学制,是指一个国家各级各类学校的系统,它规定各级各 类的学校的性质,任务,入学条件,修业年限以及它们之间的关系 19 现代学校教育制度类型包括双规学制,单轨学制和分支型学制 学制” (奏定学堂章程),这是我国第一个以法律形式颁布并在全国 20 “范围内实际推行的学校教育制度“ 壬戌学制” (“ 六三三学制” )1992 年在亲美的全国教育会联合会组织下,以
29、大 总统的名义公布 1995 年 3 月颁布了中华人民共和国教育法实施义务教育的主要类型有五四制,六三制和九年一贯制 21 教师的职业角色是指教师群体或个体在履行教书育人过程职责中的一整套行 为模式和人们对教师的角色期待 知识的传授者;品行,个性的培育者;言行的示范者;教育教学活动的管理者;学生的朋友;不懈的学习者和研究者;教师的权利与义务;22 教师的根本任务是教书育人。 具体:搞好教学工作, 做好思想品德教育工作,关心学生的身心健康 23 教师劳动的特点:复杂性,创造性,示范性,长期性 24 学生的权利:生存权,受教育权,受尊重权,安全权 25 良好师生关系的建立:影响师生关系的主要因素:
30、教师,学生,学校环境建立良好师生关系的基本策略:树立正确的学生观, 了解和研究学生, 尊重和信任每一个人,努力提高自身的专业素养2名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In 2016 County Economic w adapted economi c developme orkshop S e nt new hang of spe ech comra normal, focused focus fielde are: this county economi d, full work storming, c work
31、shop of main ta County economic socisk is, full im al devel opmeeplement impl ementation Ce nt rendering out contrarian te ntral, and provi o good, and stanci al, and muni bility in t he hacipal economic work s into, a nd more shop a e poi nts breaktnd province party main leaders semi nar spirit hro
32、ugh, a nd Overall a good trend. One is , recalle d sum mary results, a nalysi s judge situation, clos ely linked t o the transformation a nd upgradiarrangements ng of the global, de ployment compret new a hensive ennual focus w ork task, mobilization County upper a conomic power significa ntly. A cc
33、urately gauge the mand l ower further gra sp new normal, impleme cro sit uation and based on real comprentation hensive planew conce pt, temper new style, n, strongly pr omote the sustai, show ne w as, str uggled to a dvance County economic social tra ned a nd healthy development of economy and soci
34、ety. Projensformation upgra ct support ca pacity ide science ncrea sed sigdevelopment. Foll nifica ntly. A dhere towi ng, told four a a o the inside an a spe cts of probl em: a, and full d out side simultane ously, buil d, impl certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confi pl eme
35、ntation of nati onal a nd provincial invei stment of 625 millidence and determi nation 2015, face macr on Yuan, for State one or tw o, threeoeconomic dow , four or five specifin pressure conti nue c bond f unds and local replad increase lae d of severe situati on ceme nt bond funds of 554 milli a nd
36、 difficult heavy of reform development task, on Yuan, for the starting year of key constrCounty upper a ucti on pr ojend l ower tight at cts ha s laid a solit Central and pr d foundati on. In ovinces seri particular the es major decision de national circular eployme nt, firmly grasp stability in the
37、 seeki conomy demonstration countie s and .two Stateng into t otal tone-level pi lot pr, active oject ecol ogical al demonstration County project platforms settled i i n jing chuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes wel
38、l, take soli d steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the Countys first We st-East gas pipeline proje ct in t he surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supporte d increased significantly. Overall
39、well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basi s. Battle victory industrial development as t t he primary task off the well-off, fruit production suitable for full l coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extendi ng, farming aqua a culture changes t t he mo
40、mentum of the show , markets + enterprise + base + farmers as they gradually introduced measures significa a ntly strengthen standardized ma nagement, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enrichi ng. Investment attraction results continue t o expand. Adhere to the soft environme e nt of exc
41、ellence and impr r ove the environment are equallyof26 我国德育内容主要包括道德教育,思想教育,政治教育,法制教育,心理健 康教育 27 智育的任务:传授系统的科学文化知识;形成基本技能,技巧;发展学生的 智能 28 体育的意义:体育能增强学生的体质,促进学生身体健康发育;体育能促进学生全面发展, 实现全面教育的目的; 体育能促进精神文明建设, 发展国家体育 29 美育是培养学生正确的审美观,发展他们感受美,鉴赏美和创造美的能力,培养他们的高尚情操和文明素质的教育 30 课程的结构就是指课程的组织结构,是指课程各要素,各成分个部分之间的 配
42、合与组织。包括纵向结构和横向结构 31 课程标准是以纲要的形式规定有关学科教学内容的标准性文件,它是课程计 划的具体化, 是编写教材的直接依据, 是检查教学质量, 评估学生的学习情况和 进行课程评价的直接尺度,是国家管理和评价课程的基础 32 教材即教学材料,包括教科书,教学参考材料,音像资料等,是教师教学和 学生学习的主要材料33 教学是教师的教和学生的学的共同活动。34 教学过程特点:教学过程是一种特殊的认识活动;教学过程是促进学生身心 发展的过程35 教学规律是构成教学活动诸因素内在的,本质的,必然的联系。具体有以下 几条:(1)教学的目的,任务和内容与社会需要的必然联系(2)间接经验与
43、 直接经验的必然联系(3)掌握知识与发展智力的必然联系(4)掌握知识和提高思想觉悟的必然联系(5)教师主导作用与学生主动性的必然联系36 教学组织形式是在一定教学条件下,教师和学生依据一定的教学目的,教学 内容,教学要求所确定的教学活动结构及其展开程序。主要类型:个别教学, 班级授课制, 贝尔 - 兰喀斯特制, 道尔顿制,设计教学法,文纳特卡制,分组教学 37 班级授课制是把一定数量的学生按照年龄和程度变成固定的班级,由教师按 照固定的课程表和统一的教学进度对全班学生进行上课的教学制度。38 课的结构是指课的组成部分及各部分进行的先后顺序和时间分配。综合课的 组成:组织教学,检查复习,讲授新教
44、材,巩固新教材,布置课外作业 39 备课是上好一堂课的前提条件 上好一堂课的标准:教学目的明确,教学内容正确,教学语言标准生动,教学方法适当,教学组织得好,教学积极性高,教学效果好 40 教学评价是对教学效果所作的一种价值判断 41 几种有代表性的教学评价:诊断性评价,形成性评价,终结性评价 41 德育过程的基本规律:德育过程是培养学生知,情,意,行的过程 ; 德育过程是促进学生思想内部矛盾转化的过程;德育过程是组织学生活动和交往的过程; 德育过程是一个长期,反复,逐步提高的过程42 德育原则:集体教育与个人教育相结合的原则;知行统一的原则;正面统一与纪律约束相结合的原则; 发扬积极因素与克服
45、消极因素相结合的原则;严格要求与尊重信任相结合的原则; 照顾年龄特点与照顾个别特点相结合的原则;教育影响的一致性和连贯性原则43 情感陶冶是通过创设良好的,有教育意义的情境,潜移默化地培养学生思想3名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - In 2016 County Economic w adapted economi c developme orkshop S e nt new hang of spe ech comra normal, focused focus fielde are: this county economi d, full work storming, c work shop of main ta County economic socisk is, full im al devel