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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载（老师版） 专题 8 定20XX 届高考英语专题讲练测讲义集：语从句一、【专项直击】【考情分析】高考讨论定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类,其难点主要在于很多同学在学习时分不清先行词, 不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词；因此在学习定语从句时,务必搞清定语从句的概念、 关系词的正确挑选和使用情形等；和关系副词的考查；【学问要点】定语从句（一）基本概念猜测今后高考定语从句的考查仍将是对关系代词1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内 容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；
2、2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其 所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分；关系词的分类和基本用法 表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as 事物which, that, as 关系副词人或物（表所属关系）whose 地点where 时间when 缘由why 表二名师归纳总结 关系代词指代例句说明第 1 页,共 15 页who 人The man who helped you is Mr 在定从中作主语White. whom That is the personwhom/who/that 在定从中作宾语,可省略you
3、want to see. whose He is the father whose son studies 在定从中作定语very well in our class. that 事物I m not the fool that you thought me 在定从中作表语to be. as He is such a lazy man as nobody 在定从中作宾语wants to work with. that The only thing that we can do is to 在定从中作宾语give you some advice. which A dictionary is a u
4、seful book which 在定从中作主语tells us the meaning of words whose He lives in a room whose window 在定从中作定语faces south - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - as 整句内容学习必备欢迎下载在定从中作宾语It is such a big stone as nobody can lift. As is known to all, he is the best 在定从中作主语student. 表三关系副词指代例句说明when 时间Would you sugges
5、t a time when we 在定从中作状语can have a talk. where 地点The house where they live is not 在定从中作状语very large. why 缘由This is the reason why he did not 在定从中作状语came to the meeting. （二）定语从句的留意点本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式出现给考生；1.that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区分情况用法说明例句先行词为all, everything, anything, He told me ev
6、erything that he nothing, little, much, 等不定代词时knows. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时All the books that you offered has 只用 that 的情先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修been given out. 饰时This is the best film that I have 先行词既指人又指物时ever read. 况先行词被the only, the very 修饰时We talked about the persons
7、and 句中已经有who 或 which 时,为了things that we remembered. 防止重复时He is the only man that I want to see. Who is the man that is making a speech. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用 He has a son, who has gone 只 用which, which 指代物,用who/whom 指人abroad for further study. 在由“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语 I like the person to whom the 从句中,只能用which 指
8、物, whom 指teacher is talking. who, whom 的人； Those who respect others are 情形先行词本身是that 时,关系词用usually respected by others. which, 先行词为 those, one, he 时多用 who ；Mary,there is one way that you 只用that,in the way 做先行词时could stop others talking about you and criticizing yo u. which 或不用I was struck by the bea
9、uty of the 关 系 词 的 情way in which she stood. 况What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 2.as、which 和 that 的区分从句区别例句t 限制性名词前有 such 和 the same修饰时,He is not such a
10、 fool as he looks. Dont read such books as you can 定语从句中关系代词用as,不能用 which understand. 非限制性as和 which 都可以指代前面整个主They won the game, as we had t 句；假如有“ 正如,象” 的含义,expected. 并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后They won the game, which we hadn 定语从句中面,那么用as；而 which 引导的从expected. 句只能放主句后,并无“ 正如” 的As is well known, he is a famous
11、 film 意思；star in the 1980s. That s the same tool as I used last the same. as和the same. as指同类事物week.（同类工具,不是同一把）the same .that the same .that 指原物That s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具；3. where、when 与 why 引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句where 关系副词where 引导定语从句时,Were just trying to teach a point_both 只能在
12、定语从句中作地点状语,其sides will sit down together and talk. 修饰的名词必需是表示详细或抽A. where B. that C. when D. when 象的 地点的名词；which 关系副词when 引导定语从句时, There was _time _I 只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其hated to go to school. 修饰的名词必需是表示时间的名A. a; that B. a; when why 词；C. the; that D. the ; when 关系副词why 引导定语从句时,Do you know the reason why
13、she was put 只能在定语从句中作缘由状语,其修饰的名词必需是表示缘由的名into prison . 你知道她坐牢的缘由吗？词；4.“ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句 当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,名师归纳总结 这样就显现“ 介词 + 关系代词” ；先行词指物,用“ 介词 +which/whose” ,指人就用“ 介词第 3 页,共 15 页+whom/whose ”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略；介词的挑选要遵循两个原就：原就内容例句- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I
14、saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was ,she had run 原就一依据定语从句中谓语动back in the direction_she had come. A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from 词与先行词的搭配内容which 而定此题考查由 “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句, 根据句意用 from which 表示 “ 所来的那个方向”,故答案选There are two buildings , _ stands ne
15、arly a hundred feet high. 原就二依据先行词而定A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which the larger of which 指代the larger of the two buildings ,which 在定语从句中指代building ,作介词 of 的宾语,故答案为；5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅
16、读文章时会常常遇到这种情形,在阅读是要留意识别先行词的修饰对象；现象例句-Is that the small town you often refer to. - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A.that B. which C.where D.what work 是不及物动词,先行词 one 在定语从句在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有： I think ,I 中只能作地 点状语, You know 在句中作插入suppose ,I guess ,I imagine 等；辨别的方法 语,所以答案选；是：去掉插入语
17、后, 原句句法结构仍旧完整； He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science . A.which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 这里 I think 是插入语, which 引导非限制性定语从句,应选A；There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun. 在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星；乍一看, that 引导的定语从句在名词
18、 sky 的后在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语 面,好像应当是修饰 sky 的；但认真一想,”不对啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢？“ ,原先 that引导的定语从句被 in the sky 这个地点 状语分隔开来,修饰中心词 stars；在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载diamond necklace
19、. 你仍记得吗, 十年前的一天下午, 我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace 实际上是修饰 afternoon 而不 是修饰 years；ten years ago 实际上是定语后 置修饰 afternoon；先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来；此时,A new master will come tomorrow who will 先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较 teach you German. 长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平稳,常将定语从句移至谓语之后6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）
20、的区分类别区别例句Mr Li has three daughters ,none of _ is an 定 语 从定语从句与并列句的主要区engineer别在于：并列句有像and,but,Mr Li has three daughters ,but none of _ is a 句so 等并列连词或两个句子用dancer与分号连接, 这时就不能再用引从结构上看,小题是定语从句,故填whom；并列句导定语从句的关系词了；小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them；This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 定语从句的前面
21、出名词作先 这是几年前我们居住的地方；（定语从句,先行 行词,而状语从句没有先行 词为 the place）词；Let s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧；（地点状 语从句）定 语 从定语从句修饰、 限制、 说明名Do you know the time when the class is over. 你句知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）词,只能放在先行词的后面,与It was already five o clock when the class was over. 而状语从句说明动作发生的状 语 从=When the c
22、lass was over, it was already five 情形,并且可以放在主句的前句o clock. 面；当下课时己经是5 点了；（时间状语从句）This is the factory in which where his father once When, where 和 why 在引导定worked. （定语语 从 句 时 可 以 用 “介 词 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂；which ” 的结构来替换,在引从句）导 状语从句时却不行；Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处；（状语从句）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5
23、 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定语从句中的关系词在从句 中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它就从句成分不完整；而结 果状语从句中的连接词在从 句中不作任何成分, 去掉后从句的成分仍旧完整；It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我 们大家都喜爱的如此好玩的书；（as用作动词 like 的宾语,它引导的是定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此好玩的书,我们大家都喜爱它；（ that 不充当句子成分,故它
24、引导的是结果状语 从句）The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 定 语 从定语从句在复合句中相当于她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很兴奋；（同位语形容词, 对先行词起修饰、 描从句）述或限制的作用, 与先行词之此句中的同位语从句The news that she had 句间有从属关系； 同位语的作用passed the exam 与相当于名词, 对前面的名词给可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed 同 位 语予补充说明或进一步说明,是the exam. 从句前面名词的详细
25、内容,与先行The news that he told us interested all of us. 词之间是同位关系；他告知我们的消息使大家都感爱好；（定语从句）The news that he told us 是定语从句, 此句不能改 写为： The news is that he told us. 定 语 从强调句的结构为“It is wasIt is on the morning of May 1st _ I met 被强调部分that 从句” ；被强调部分可以是除谓语以Liang Wei at the airport 外的任何成分, 当被强调部分It is the factory
26、 _ Mr Wang works 句是人时,仍可用 who 代替 that；从结构上看：与这一句型中, 肯定不能由于被小题是强调句,故填that；强调句强调部分是表时间或地点的小题就是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the 词就用when 或 where 代替factory 前差个介词in,故填where；that；此外仍要留意以下两点： 定语从句与习惯句型用一个恰当的词完成以下句子,使之完整与正确；It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 解析：
27、这里小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为：It is was the first second time that从句；故填 that,其意为：这是她第一次在上海；小题 the time 是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填 when； 定语从句与简洁句用一个恰当的词完成以下句子,使之完整与正确；The mother told the lazy boy to work ,_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work _ didnt help 解析： 含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区分在于：前者有主句,有从句,必需有关系词； 而后者就是两个
28、单独的句子,不需要任何关联词；小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,明显应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which ,前面整个句子作先行词；小题就填 It ,代替前面的整个句子；解题时,留意标点符号的运用；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载二、【思维导航】定语从句是英语语法学习中的难点,从某种意义上说, 这些从句的学习是整个英语学习过程 中的关键；因此,近几年新课标地区及其他省市的高考英语试卷中都考查了定语从句；高考对于定语从句的考查主要集中在：1引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的挑选；2非限制性定
29、语从句特殊是先行词是整个句子时引导词 aswhich 的辨析；3由 whose,where,that,as和“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句,4连接词 which thatwhat 的辨析；5where 引导的定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句的辨析；6定语从句与强调句型的辨析；7带介词的定语从句中介词的选用；1留意学问积存；把握基本句型 高考备考时,应加强对从句语法特点和语意特点的摸索和学习,形成纯正的英语思维才能；留意相像句型的积存,比较其结构和意义；在平日的阅读过程中,来,考虑分析其功能和意义；例如：There was _ time _ I hated to go to school.
30、 A a; that B a; when C the; that D the; when 遇到从句的时候,要停下【解析】正确答案是 B；这里既考查了先行词 time 表示“ 时期、时代” 时前面用不定冠词a,又考查了关系副词 when 代替表时间的名词在定语从句中充当时间状语的用法；2分析句子成分,判定从从句功能；遇到考查句法的题目时,要通读全句,第一考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型；题干句如是疑问句,第一把它复原为正常语宇；观看设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质；确定从句性质后 .回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而做出取舍；留意标点符号和并列连词 and,but的作用；将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意
31、贯穿；例如：Was it in the village_we used to live in_the accident happened. A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which 【解析】正确答案是 B；此题题意为“ 是在我们过去住过的村里发生了这起事故”；第一个空需要定语从句引导词 which ,在从句中当 in 的介词宾语 ,其次个是强调句型的 that ；先把问句转换为陈述语序,然后分析强调句型中被强调部分带有一个定语从句；在定语从句中, 当先行词是表示地点的词时,考查定语从句的题目中这类题目有 12 道；
32、关系代词与关系副词的挑选近三年全国各地区【例题 1】York,I visited last year , is a nice old city Athat Bwhich Cwhere Din which 【解题指导】 在高考考查定语从句试题中,有很多题目中的先行词是表示地点的名词,要正确判定用关系代词仍是关系副词,要看引导词在从句中所作的成分；假如引导词在从句中作状语,就用 where,否就用 that 或 which；考生可以采纳补全法,即依据句意把从句补充完整,补上去的部分在从句中所作的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分,就可以很简洁地确定用关系代词仍是用关系副词了；【解析】 B；采纳补全法
33、把从句补充完整：I visited York last year ,很简洁看出,补上去的成名师归纳总结 分作了动词visit 的宾语,故用关系代词,因此答案为B；第 7 页,共 15 页在定语从句中；“ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句中介词的挑选近三年全国各地区考查定语从句的题目中这类题目有10 道；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【例题学习必备欢迎下载you will do 2】As soon as you get home from school, think about the order homework and how much ti
34、me you will spend on each one Aof which B in which Cthrough which D at which 【解题指导】在历年的高考试题中,关于介词的确定,考生可以采纳仍原法,”介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句试题频繁显现,其中 把从句补充完整,建立与主句的关系,以便发觉这个介词与句中其他部分的联系；可以从两个方面考虑：1从句子的意思角度考虑；2从搭配角度考虑；【解析】 B；此题从搭配人手,定语从句与并列句的区分in order “意为 ” 依据 次序 ”,此题即可迎刃而解；近三年全国各地区考查定语从句的题目中这类题目有 6 道；【例题 3】Th
35、e doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday ,didn t helpAit Bshe Cwhich Dhe 【解题指导】第一看句子中是否有连词；有连词就是并列句,如无连词,而是对一个名词进行补充说明,就是非限制性定语从句 标志是：名词后有一个逗号 ；【解析】 C；此句中无并列连词,因此是非限制性定语从句,故用关系代词 which ,用来指代前面整个主句的内容；【例题 4】Tne doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday ,but didn
36、 t helpAit Bshe Cwhich D he 【解题指导】看清此题的关键词 but；【解析】 A；由于句中有并列连词 but,所以构成了并列句,因此用代词 it 来指代前面所述之事；定语从句中的几个特殊先行词：point ；casesituation 近三年全国各地区考查定语从句的题目中有 5 道考查了先行词为 point,situation,case时引导词的挑选；【例题 5】As a result of our serious staff shortages , the situation has risen we have to hire graduating college
37、students for help Athat Bwhen Cwhere Das 【解题指导】英语中有几个词point ,situation,case等,从表面上看它们不是表地点的,但却表示类似地点的意义,因此它们作先行词时,假如引导词在从句中作状语,那么这个引导词要用 where；假如不作状语,就用关系代词thatwhich ；【解析】 C；把从句补充完整：we have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation,可以看出,引导词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词,因此答案为 c；【例题 6】Now there is
38、 just one point 1 wish you to make quite clear Awhere Bwhich Cwhether D when 【解题指导】做此题的关键是把握句中名词 point 在此处的用法；【解析】 B；把从句补充完整：1 wish you to make the point quite clear ,可以看出,引导词在从句中作 make 的宾语,故用关系代词,因此答案为 B；三、【考点在线】定语从句考点 1 “ 介词 +关系代词 which/whom ” 中介词和关系代词的挑选介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点,一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用 whom,指
39、物时只能用 which ；当然关系代词作定语时也可用 whose；如：The pen with which he wrote was made in China 他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的；The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载度特别快；The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very p
40、atient with his students 那位老师 对他的同学特别有耐心,他家的房子前面 有一棵大树；考点 2 as与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的判定 1as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、说明或评论；1此时的 as 意为“ 正如 ,正像 ”；翻译时有时可不必译出；如：You are clever,as all those who know you can see你很聪慧,全部熟悉你的人都能看出来；2在句法上, as常用作一些实义动词 expect,guess等的宾语,这类动词与如 see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell ,show
41、,as 几乎成了一种固定搭配；如：As we all know ,China is becoming stronger and stronger 众所周知, 中国正变得越来越强大；3as 引导的从句可以前置而 which 引导的从句就不行；如：As is a fact ,Mike is expected to make a top student 这是一个事实,迈克有望成为一名顶尖的同学；特殊提示主句中显现 the same,such,so 修饰先行词时,要挑选 as 作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,此时 as引导的是限制性定语从句；另外要留意：1the same that 与 the
42、same as引导的定语从句在意义上的区分：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西；试比较：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday 这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包；同一个书包 This is the same bag as I lost yesterday这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样；同类型的另一个 2such/so as 和 such /so that 结构不同, as引导定语从句,而 that 引导状语从句；如：They talked in such simple English as children could understand 他们用孩子们能听懂的简洁的英语交谈； 定语从句, as 代替先行词simple English 作 understand 的宾语 He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke他如此用力地关窗,结果玻璃碎了； 结果状语从句,that 引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果 2which 引导的此类从句对主句所表达的事情进行补充说明,说明事物的状态或结果；