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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语高考专题复习讲与练- 独立主格结构常见类型及其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分；该结构不是句子,也不是从句, 所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开；独立主格结构在许多情形下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式, 但许多时候不能转化为分词形式,由于它内部动词的规律主语与主句主语不一样；在做这类题目时肯定要当心判定,不能马虎大意；一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 、
2、规律主语 +V-ing 这种构成形式内部的规律主语是分词的动作执行者,作,而是其规律主语发出的动作；如：1._no bus, we had to walk home. 分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was 2._no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was 3._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It bein
3、g D.Having been 4._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is 2 、规律主语 +V-ed 该构成形式内部的规律主语是分词的动作承担者；如：1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2._, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.Aft
4、er the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. When new words were explained B.Expl
5、aining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words 3 、规律主语 + 形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“ 主系表 ”结构；如：1._, the patient can leave the hospital. A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions 2._, the patient can leave the hospital. A.If better condit
6、ions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions 3._, wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4._, we学习必备欢迎下载d like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday
7、 OK D.A,B and C 5._, you can wait a while. A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B 6._, so you can wait a while A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on 4 、规律主语 + 介词短语“主 系介词短语 ”结构；如：该结构相当于不带动词的1.The boy f
8、ollowed the nobleman here, _. A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand 2.The boy followed the nobleman here _. A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand 3.He left the office, _. A.tears being in eyes
9、B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes 4.He left the office _. A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes 二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 、缘由状语 该结构在句中作缘由状语时相当于一个缘由状语从句；如：1._ no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was
10、C.There was D.A and B 2._Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B 3._, I had to ask for two days leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4._, we have to work late into the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is nea
11、r D. A,B and C 2 、时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句；如：1._, the train started. A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B 2._, the text became easier for us to learn. A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explaine
12、d new words D.all above 3 、条件状语独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if 引导的条件状语从句；如：1._, well go to visit the Great Wall. A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2._, the patient will recover himself soon. A.If the treatment is
13、in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C 4 、相伴状语 独立主格结构作相伴状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语；如：1.We have lessons every day, _. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2.The boy fell asleep,_. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head
14、 D. all the above 3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above with + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法Composed by Chinephone Lew “with + 复合宾语 ”结构是指 “with + 宾语（名词或代词）+ 非谓语动词（分词、不定式）、介词短语、形容词或副词等” 所构成的一种介词短语；该结构内部如是动词,就其非谓语形式的选用要留意三点：如内部动词表示将来（无论主动仍是被动）,就用不定式
15、；如内部动 词表示被动且属过去,就用过去分词；如内部动词表示连续主动动作,就用现在分词； 该结 构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：1 、缘由状语 1.With the man _ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village. A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide 2.With a lot of work_, she doesnt have time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done 3.With the machine _all the
16、time, we finished harvesting crops in time. A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working 2 、时间状语 1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on 2.With our problem _, we all felt happy. A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled 3.With his work_,
17、 the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done 3 、相伴状语 1.She left the offices with tears _. A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes 2.The man found the door with both his eyes _. A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing 3.We felt uncomfortable with two
18、 waitresses_. A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by 4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands_. A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5.You cant see well _.学习必备欢迎下载A. with the glas
19、ses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses 4 、后置定语 1.Do you know the man _ a book in his hand. A.with B.having C.being D.A and B 2.Please offer your seat to the woman _ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above 分词、独立主格和“ with + 复合宾语 ”作状语的区分 分词结构、
20、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语,其区分是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的规律主语,即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承担者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）为相应的状语从句或并列谓语；分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1 、缘由状语；这种情形下的分词短语可以改1._late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they w
21、ere D.all the above 2 、时间状语 1._ the students homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes. A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest. A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above 3 、条件状语1._ more ti
22、me, he is sure to finish his test paper C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance, Ill do my job better D.all the above 4 、相伴状语. A.If he is given B.If given .A.If I have B.If having C.Having 1.Father came back, _ a bag of money on his left shoulder . A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carryi
23、ng D.all the above 2.Father came back, _ by a monkey. A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above 二、独立主格结构和with + 复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时,这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的规律主语不是整句的主语,即主句主语与分词的规律主语不一样；如：1._, well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.P
24、ermitting 2._, he finished playing the game of chess. A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes 3._, I couldnt get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing 名师归纳总结 三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要留意：第 4 页,共 5 页-
25、- - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 它们与主句之间不应有从属连词学习必备欢迎下载等）或并列连词 （如（如 when, if, as soon as, as, whileand, but, or , so 等）；例如：1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above 2._a rainy day, so all
26、 the farmers had to stay inside. A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above 3.As_a little sick, he remained at the clinic. A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above 四、在使用独立主格结构、with + 复合宾语结构、分词结构作句子的状语时,肯定要看句子主语同这些结构的规律关系；1 、当句子主语与该状语内部动词之间有规律上的主谓或动宾关系时,该状语可用分词结构 或从句表示；1._ in thought, he alm
27、ost ran into the car in front of him. A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B 2._for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above 2 、如句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在规律上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的规律主语；就该状语不能用分词结构,只能用独立主格结构、with +复合宾语结构或从句；如：1.
28、The soldier fell asleep _. A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle 2._, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful. A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights 3._ the notice, he had an idea. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 4._ the notice, an idea came to his mind. A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页