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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高中英语重要考点解析 状语从句 定义 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,状语从句由从属连词引导,也可以由一个起连词作 用的词组引导,有时甚至不需要连词而直接和主句连接起来；类型 时间、地点、缘由、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式、比较状语从句；时间状语从句 1.引导词 when, while, as, as soon as, once, before, after, every time, each time, since, whenever, ever since, until ,till 等；2.whenever, ea
2、ch time, every time 的用法；注： whenever=no matter when every time / each time 每次,whenever 每当 时,表示习惯性、常常性的动作；Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. Each time he came to town he would visit our school. Eevery time I went to his house, he was out. 注： whenever=no matter when whenever 既可以引导
3、时间从句也可引导名词性从句,It does not matter whenever the party begins. 3.before 的汉英表达 1）before 的基本含义是 “在 以前 ”The train had left before he got to the station. no matter when 只可以引导时间状语从句；留意：与 before 对应的是 after 引导的时间状语从句,表“在之后 ” ；2）强调从句动作发生的晚或慢,before 可译成 “ （后） 才”句型： It was + 时间段 + before It will be + 时间段 + befor
4、e It seemed long time before my turn came. It was a long time before I got to sleep again. It will be five years before we meet again. 3主句中谓语动词是否定形式,before 可译成 “ 就” 、“便 ” 、“ 快”句型： It was not + 时间段 + before It won t be + 时间段 + before （从句谓语动词用一般现在时）It was not long before he got to know it. It wont be
5、long before we get promotion.4强调在从句动作发生之前,主句动作已经发生,Before I could say a single word, he ran away. 4.when, while, as 的用法及区分 1）when 表示 “当 的时候 ”before 可译成 “ 仍没有 就”从句中既可用连续性动词,又可用点动词,可表示动作,又可表示状态；从句中的动词既可和主句的动作 同时发生,又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生；I met Tom when I was walking along the street. 1假如 when 从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语又
6、是be 动词,从句主语和be 可以省略；When you are in trouble, ask me for help. 2）当 when 从句主语与主句主语相同时,用when 加分词可以代替状语从句；When I am sleeping, I can never hear anything. 2.as 表示 “ 当时” 、 “ 一边 一边 ” 、“ 随着 ”1表示 “当 时” 、“与 同时 ” ,指从句的动作未终止,主句中的动作就已发生；从句中多用动态动词,而 不用 be 动词或表示感觉、懂得、知道这类动词；As he was eating his breakfast , he heard
7、 the door bell ringing. 强调同一时间 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2）用于平行的动作中,表示“一边 一边 ”,常指一个主语同时进行两个动作；The students took notes as they listened. 3表示 “随着 ”,常指两种正在进展或变化的情形；As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. 3.while 表示 “ 在的时候 ” 、“ 在期间 ”它强调主句的动作与从句
8、的动作同时发生或强调主句表示的动作连续于while 所指的整个时间内；While从句中必需是连续性动词；I was reading the book while he was watching TV . 1假如主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生,从句常用进行时；While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes. 2假如主句和从句主语相同,while 加现在分词可代替状语从句；While discussing the matter, they got very excited. 3while 有时仍有对比的含义,意为“ 然而,却 ” ；While
9、I was reading, he was playing. 留意： 1.表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中,用 when,while, as ；He was fond of swimming when while he was yet a child. As he was a child, he was fond of swimming. 2.从句中为 be 动词时,多用 when 和 while. t talk too much when while you are eacting. Don3.谈论两个同时进行的长时间动作可用 while ；While he is in the of
10、fice, he is always serious. 庄重的 4.谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用 as；The students rose as the teacher entered the classroom. 5.till 和 untill 的用法；在确定句中表示“直到 为止 ” ,主句需用连续性动词；在否定句中表示“ 直到 才”,主句常用点动词；1）till 一般不用于句首Let s wait till the rain stops. Dont wake him till midnight.2until when 疑问句中, untill 要放在句首 Until when are
11、 you staying here . Until next Tuesday. 留意：当 until 引起的状语修饰动词确定式时,动词常是连续性动词；反之,修饰动词否定式时,动词常是 点动词；3）否定句可用另外两种句式表示 Not until 放在句首,主句用倒装；Not until it was dark did he come back. It is not until that 强调句型；It wasnt until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.6.since（自从） ,ever since自从 的
12、用法since 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前说话时间为止的一段连续时间；主句一般用现在完成时,从句用 一般过去时；I have known her since I have lived here. He has been ill ever since.他自那以后始终生病；句型： It is / has been + 时间段 +since一般过去时 It is 10 years since he lived here. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载7.表示 “ 一 就 ”的结构Hardly
13、/ scarcely when , no sooner than, as soon as, the minute, the momemt, directly, immediately 都可以表示 “ 一 就 ”的意思；I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.=I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.= As soon as I got home, it began to rain. The old worker recognized the type of the mac
14、hine directly he saw it. 留意：假如 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner置于句首,主句必需用倒装结构；Hadly had I got home when it began to rain.= No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out. = Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out. 条件状语从句分为两大类：真
15、实条件句 当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、是真实的条件时,用真实条件句；If it rains tomorrow, we wont hold a sports meeting on the playground.If I have time, I will come to help you. 非真实条件句 当从句所表达的条件是不行能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时,用非真实条件句；If I had known the answer at that time , I would have told him. 1.if, unless 和 if not 用法条件状语从句可以由if, un
16、less 等词或词组引导；Unless 在意义上相当于if not；If I had enough money, I would buy it. You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you dont study hard.You won t be late unless he is ill. = He wont be late if he is not ill.留意：虚拟条件句中可用if not,但不能用 unless；If she were not too silly, she would understand. 2
17、.引导条件状语从句的其他连词 in case 万一, so / as long as 只要,as / so far as 就 而言, on condition that 条件是 ,suppose假设,supposing假设等；Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. You may stay here as long as you keep quiet. We will let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. Suppose the plan
18、e is late.= What if What will happen if the plane is late. 留意： on condition that 从句只位于主句后；Suppose / supposing 往往仅用在问句中；Suppose / supposing we cant ge enough food, what shall we do .3.if 后的主谓可以省略 If possible, I would lke to have two copies.= if it is possible, I would like to have two copies. 留意：当主句是
19、一般将来时,条件句要用一般现在时；缘由状语从句1.引导词 as, because, since, now that, considering that , seeing that 等；2.because引导的缘由状语从句Because 不能与 so 连用,但可与 3.seeing that 引导的缘由状语从句therefore, consequently 连用；Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 4.because与 for 的区分名师归纳总结 For 是并列连词,表示因果
20、关系时,可用because替换,不同是：because引导的从句位置可在主句之前或第 3 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 之后,而 for 分句只能后置；另外,当学习必备欢迎下载must be, must have done 结构）时,不能for 用于推断或推测（常有用 because替换；It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. 5.在 it is / was that 的强调结构中 It is because she is too inexperience
21、d that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 目的状语从句1. 引导词that , so that, for fear that以便, in case 等,这类从句中常常用情态动词may/might, can/could,should 等,以保证语气通顺自然；He wrote the name down for fear that / lest he should forget it. They do exercises every morning so that they might be healthy. 留意：目的状语从
22、句中一般用情态动词或“ should+动词原形 ” ,或省略 should；The students study hard so that they they may pass the exam. 2.in case, lest , for fear that 引导的目的状语从句；动词可以用虚拟语气,形式为（should）+ 动词原形,也可以不用虚拟语气,用动词的一般现在时或一般 过去时；You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of / thinks of coming back. I got up
23、 early lest I was late for school. 结果状语从句1.引导词that, so that , sothat, suchthat；I am really tired that I can not stand. 2.so与 such 的用法1）当名词前有many, much, few, little 少修饰时,要用so 而不用 such I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. He did so much work that he was really tired. 有时为了表示强调,so
24、位于句首,这时后面跟动词的倒装形式；So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off. 3.such 的位置 1）与不定代词 any, all, no, few, some, several 等连用时,放在不定代词后；All such possibilities must be considered. Several such mistakes affect the whole composition. 2与不定冠词连用放在不定冠词前；常用结果状语从句句型：so + 形容词 /副词 +that 从句； They were so
25、 absorbed that we didnt disturb them.so + 形容词 +a/an+单数可数名词 +that 从句； It was so beautiful a night that I wanted to walk. such a/an + 形容词 +单数可数名词 +that 从句； It is such a good chance that we must not miss it. such+形容词 +复数可数名词 /不行数名词 +that 从句；There are much lovely birds here that many children come to se
26、e them. 留意： They are such little children that they dont kown that.He had so little education that he didnt know that.在词组 such little children 中,little 表示 “小 ”,修饰名词 children ,不是表示 “ 少”,所以用 such;而词组 so little education 中, little 表示 “ 少” ,so 修饰形容词 little ；让步状语从句1.引导词 although, though,however,whatever,
27、whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever, whether,no matterwho, what,where,when ,etc. even if, even though ；We wont be discouraged even if / even though we fail ten times. No matter what you do, dont touch this switch.However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money. 名师归纳总结 -
28、 - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载2.as 引导的让步状语从句连词 as也可以引导让步状语从句,但从句中要用特别语序；Young as he is, he knows a lot.= Though he is young ,he knows a lot.= Young though he is, he knows a lot. 留意： though 也有同 as 一样的用法,可以替代as,但 although 没有这种用法；表语为名词时,前面通常不用冠词；Child as he was, he knew that
29、 what was the right thing to do. 表语为形容词修饰的名词时,要用冠词；A young child as he is, he knows how to please others. 3.even if , even though 引导的让步状语从句even if, even though即使,表示让步,语气最强；We will make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad. 4.though 和 although 引导的让步状语从句Though 和 although 不能与 but 连用,但可与 still
30、和 yet 连用；Though it is hard work, I still enjoy it. Although it was very cold, yet he went out without a cap. 5.whether or 引导的让步状语从句Whether he drives or takes the bus,he will be here on time. 6.despite和 in spite of 的用法Despite / In spite of the bad weather, they had a wonderful holiday. In spite of ha
31、ving no qualifications he got the job.=He got the job in spite of having no qualifications. Despite the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course. 7.no matter+ 疑问句或疑问句 +后缀 ever 用法no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matte
32、r which=whichever no matter how=however However/No matter how expensive it may be, I will take it. 留意： no matter 不能引导名词性从句Dont let them in , whoever/no matter who they are.Whatever you do, dont tell him that I told you this.Whatever you say is of no importance now. Prisoners have to eat whatever the
33、y are given. 方式状语从句1.引导词 as 根据,与 一样 , as if 似乎 , as though.似乎I must do as my parents tell me to. 2.as if / as though 由.as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句可用虚拟语气She stood there as if / as though she were waiting for someone. 比较状语从句1.引导词asas, not so/as as,than, the more the more,more than, the mostin/of等；He g
34、ot up earlier than I did. 2.同等状况的比较He studies as hard as you. He doesn t study as hard as you.3.不同层次的比较I know you better than she. There are more than one hundred people in the hall. The more he learns, the more he wants to learn. This is the most comfortable chair of the three. 4.形容词和不定式或动名词连用时的比较通
35、常两者都可使用,但动词不定式常常用于特定的动作,动名词就用于一般情形；It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is now. Getting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5.动词原形与would rather / sooner 连用学习必备欢迎下载Most people would rather work than starve. I woul
36、d resign rather than accept him as a partner. 地点状语从句 引导词 where 在 的地方, wherever 无论哪里, everywhere / anywhere 任何地方.状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备以下两个条件 :主句和从句的主语一样,或从句主语为 it ；从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式；从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略；例如：When the museum is completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . 另外,比较状语从句常常省略；例如：The hig
37、her the temperature is, the greater the pressure is . 状语从句的 简化 现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中 :由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句 ;由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句 ;由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引导的时间状语从句 ;由 as, as if 等引导的方式状语从句 ;由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句；下面针对这五种情形作一归纳；1 当状语从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be 时 ,
38、it 和 be 要完全简化掉；例如: If it is possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 2 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一样时,从句可以将主语和be 动词简化掉； 常用于以下几种情形: a.连词 +形容词Whenever she is free, she often goes shopping. b.连词 +名词 While he was a young boy, he was always ready to help others.c.连词 +现在分词 As she was walking along the river b
39、ank, she was singing a pop song.d.连词 +过去分词 He wont go there with us unless he is invited.e.连词 +不定式 He stood up as if he were to say something.f. 连词 +介词短语 She looked anxious as though she was in trouble. 状语从句精练 100 题1. I am to stay_ my mother_ well. A. untill; gets B. until, get C. when; gets D. befo
40、re; will get. 2. Li Ming was about to do his homework_ the phone rang. A. while B. when C. as D. after 3. I have never been to Beijing_ I went to university. A.when B.before C.as D.since B. after C. before D. until 4. It was not long_the writer finished his novel. A. when 5. We shall go swimming_we
41、have time. A.whenever B.wherever C.howerver D.whatever 6. -Where should I put my dictionary. -Put it_ you can easily get it. A.so that B.where C.which D.in order that 7. -Id like a suitcase to use in college, father, -OK. Ill buy one for you_ I have done my work. A.before B.since C.so that D.the mon
42、ent C.because D.now that 8. I would like to do it_I like it. A.since B.because of 9. _it is raining,we had better take a taxi. 名师归纳总结 A.As B.For C.Because of D.When 第 6 页,共 10 页10. His speech made_deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it. A.so a B.such a C.so D.such 11. We mu
43、st do the experiment_the teacher does. A.whatever B.as C.how D.when 12. The book is_it gives a wrong idea of the fact. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A.so writing that 学习必备欢迎下载D.so written that B.such written that C.such writing that 13. We started so early_we could get there before that sun
44、set. A.in order that B.in order to C.so as to D.for 14. -Could you tell me_you will get my trousers ready. -Yes.In half a month. A.how B.when C.how soon D.how long C.except D.if 15. I know nothing about it_he told me. A.unless B.until 16. I wont join you_you invite me. A.if B.or C.until D.unless 17. Give me your telephone number_I need your help. A.in case B.whether C.unless D.so that 18. -Did you answer Smiths call. -I dont have to_Ill see him tomorrow. A.though B.because C.otherwise D.unless 19. The number of the people present,_we had expected,was very large. A.that B.which