《2022年动词的时态及语态+主谓一致.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年动词的时态及语态+主谓一致.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载三、动词的时态及语态I 时态 时态考查项目1 过去完成时 2 现在完成进行时 3 将来完成时 4 一般现在时 用于表示客观事实 /科学真理 答题依据 : 句中时间状语 主从句谓语动词的先后关系 语境 时态的呼应 the sequence of tenses 时态呼应是指从句中谓语动词的时态因受主句中谓语动词时态的影响而须采纳肯定的 时态,从而达到两者在规律关系上的一样；（一）主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时,从句谓语动词依据实际情形可用各种时态She says she is a college student. she wa
2、s a college student. she will be a college student. Has he told you when he is to leave for Beijing. Will you tell me when you finished the work. （二）主句谓语动词用过去时态1 如从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时She told me she was a teacher. He said he was studying English. 2 如从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,进行时从句用过去
3、完成时或过去完成She explained to me that she had made the mistake chiefly out of carelessness. Betty said that she had been waiting for my call. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载3 如从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之后 进行时或过去将来完成时；He said that he would come back the next day. ,从句用过去将来时、过去将
4、来She said that she would be setting off on the 10 o clock train. He told them that he would have finished by six o clock. 4 如从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但从句中有表示某一详细时间 的状语 ,从句用一般过去时；He told me that he was born in 1959. My mother told me that my grandfather went to Germany in 1917. 5 如从句说明的是客观事实或科学真理,现在依旧
5、成立,从句用一般现在时；Our teacher said that the earth is round and it goes round the sun. （三）主、从句动作都是将来时,但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,从句谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,主句仍用一般将来时；I will be a teacher when I grow up. What shall we do if it snows. II 语态语态 : 主动语态和被动语态（一）被动语态考查项目 : 1 被动语态进行式2 被动语态完成式3 不定式被动式需要留意 : 主动变被动后加to 二 具有被动意义的主动结构即不该用被
6、动语态的情形1 在 “ 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +过去分词 作宾补 ” 结构中谓语动词为使役动词或感官动词Eg. I had the machine repaired. I didnt hear my name called. 2 在 “ 主系表 ” 结构中Eg. The flowers smell sweet. The food tastes nice. 名师归纳总结 3 在 “ 主语 +vi. + adj./adv.结构中第 2 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载vi. 有: open, shut, sell, wea
7、r, blow, work, move, lock, cook, wash, clean, read, write, draw, make, burn, eat, blame, photograph, etc. Eg. The goods sells well. The door blew open. The door canshut/lock. This material has worn thin. The food is ready to eat. This kind of rice cooks quickly. She doesn photograph well. Danish bac
8、on and egg makes a good meal. t know who to blame for the broken glass. The mother didn4 sth. want/need to be done sb. want sb. to do sth. want/need doing sth. require doing sth. be worth doing / be worthy to be done be worthy of sth. be worthy of doing Eg. The house needs/wants repairing. The book
9、is worth reading. 四、主谓一样 主谓一样：谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一样（一）主谓一样三原就1 语法一样原就 : 单主单谓 复主复谓2 意义一样原就 1 单形主复谓 Eg. The volleyball team are playing magnificently. The old are respected in China. 2复形主单谓 Eg. This works was built in 1982. Economics was taught by Prof. Li. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -
10、- - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Is the United States a big country. 3同一词作主语时单 v.时复 v. Eg. All possible means have been adopted. Every means has been tried. 3 吸引原就邻近原就 : Neither norEither or orNot only but alsoThere be 句型Here 引导的句子Eg. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. Here are some pieces of paper and a
11、 pen for you. 与第一主语一样主语后跟 : together withalong withas well aslike/unlikebut/exceptrather thanas much asno less thanbesidesincludingin addition to not 等引导的短语时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数定,即与第一主语一样；Eg. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. An expert, together with some as
12、sistants, was sent to help in this work. The room with its furniture was rented. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载The teacher as well as the students was excited. I as well as you am a football fan. He no less than you is my friend. I rather than him am to blame. I, n
13、ot you, am wrong. You, not I, are wrong. No one except my parents knows anything about it. （二）用单数谓语动词的情形1 each/either/neither/ 复合不定代词做主语 Eg. Is there anything in the box. Neither is good. 2 整体看待的数目 ,时间 ,价值 ,重量 等复数 n.做主语Eg. Twenty minutes is not enough. Three feet is a yard. Fifteen dollars is the pr
14、ice. 999 is a large number. 3 不行数名词 ,动名词 ,不定式 ,从句做主语 what 从句依据句义定 What he said is correct. What he left me are but a few old books. 4 “单数名词 + and + 单数名词 ” 结构表示一种概念或事物如何确定此结构表示一种概念或事物 : 其次个名词前无冠词 , 第一个名词前可有可没有冠词Eg. The hammer and sickle was flying over the roof. A knife and fork was placed before eve
15、ry guest. The poet and writer is one of my friends. Butter and bread is usually eaten with smoked salmon. Truth and honesty is the best policy. The girl s teacher and friend is a young doctor. To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
16、精品资料 欢迎下载Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 5 形复单义词做主语 headquarters, works, news, 以 -ics 结尾的学科名词 ,国名 ,运动项目 politics / mathematics / physics the United Nations / the United States Eg. The news was very exciting. Their headquarters is at the foot of the mountain. 6 each/every 修饰名
17、词做主语“each/every +单数可数名词 +each/every+单数可数名词 ” 结构做主语 Eg. Every hour and every minute is important. Each boy and each girl wishes to serve the people in the future. Every man, woman and child is an important being. 7 “more than one +单数可数名词 ” 结构及“many a +单数可数名词 ”结构做主语；但 “ more +复数名词 +than one” 结构和 式；“ m
18、any +复数名词” 结构中,谓语动词多用复数形Eg. More than one question was asked. More members than one are against your plan. Many a student likes popular songs. = Many students like popular songs. 8 名词全部格之后的名词被省略,这种情形一般只指商店、工厂、或个人的住宅,做主语 the baker s, the barbar s, the carpenter s, the Zhang s 时动词一般用单数；如Eg. The doctor
19、 s is on the side of the street. My uncle s is not far from here. 注：表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数；Eg. Richardson s have a lot of imported goods to sells. 9“ a series of / a species of + n.” 结构作主语时,其谓语动词用单数；留意：series, species 的单、复数形式相同, 假如 series, species之前不是“ a”,而是“ two”一类的表示复数的词,其谓语动词用复数；名师归纳总
20、结 Eg. A series of actions is repeated over and over again. 第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载There are two series of experiments: chemical and physical. （三）用复数谓语动词的情形1 and 连接两个名词做主语不表示同一概念或事物时,即两个名词前都有冠词或限定词; both and短语做主语 Eg. The professor and the scientist give us lectures
21、every week. 2 集合名词做主语 一些集合名词做主语 ,谓语动词要求复数cattle, police, people, mankind, poultry, militia, vermin Eg. The police have caught the burglar. Cattle are selling at reasonable price. 一些集合名词做主语 ,谓语要求单数 machinery, equipment, merchandise, jewelry How much machinery has been installed. Eg. 一些集合名词做主语看成整体时 ,谓
22、语动词用单数 ; 强调个个成员时 ,谓语动词用复数 ; family, team, committee, crew, staff, audience, club, class, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, public, population Eg. His family is going to have a long juourney. The whole family are watching TV . The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of the p
23、opulation in China are farmers. 3 the + adj. 表示一类人做主语 The old are respected in China. Eg. 4 all, none, some, any, more, most 等不定代词及the rest, the majority 做主语 ,修饰或指代可数名词时 ,要求复数谓语 ;修饰或指代不行数名词时,要求单数谓语. None but 短语视其后名词定Eg. Most of his friends are rich. Most of his time is spent playing. All are agreed.
24、 All goes well. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载None but the brave man deserves a reward. None but the fools are prepared to believe that. 5 分数 ,百分数 , half 修饰可数名词做主语时 ,谓语动词用复数 ; 修饰不行数名词做主语时 ,谓语动词用单数 ; Eg. More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered with/by w
25、ater. Three-fourths of the students in our class are League Members. one and a half +复数名词 =one + 单数名词 +and a half 假如表示时间 ,距离 ,重量 ,谓语动词用单数假如表示数量 ,谓语动词用复数Eg. One and a half miles has been covered. One and a half apples were left in the plate. 6 名词性物主代词做主语时 , 视其义定 . Eg. His is a new bike. / His books a
26、re new. Ours are old bikes. 7 such, the same起指示代词作用时 Eg. Such is our plan. Such are his words. ,应依据其所指的内容来打算单、复数；8 关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句中做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一样；Eg. Those who want to go please sign your names here. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 在 “ one of +复数名词 +wh
27、o/which/that ” 引导的从句结构中,关系代词 who/which/that 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此从句中的动词应当是复数形式；但是当 one之前有 the only 等修饰语时, 关系代词的先行词是 one而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应当是单数形式；Eg. This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting. 9 疑问代词 who, what,
28、 which 做主语时 ,谓语动词可依据说话人所要表达的意思打算单、复数；名师归纳总结 Eg. Who lives next door. It is Xiao Li. 第 8 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Who live next door. It is Zhang and Liu. Which is/are your book/books. What produces heat. 10 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式,如 glasses, clothes, trousers,
29、shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等；但假如主语用“ a kind of, a pair of, a series of 等加名词” 构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式；Eg. A pair of shoes was on the desk. 11 单、复数同形的名词做主语时 之,谓语用复数；这类词有：Eg. A sheep is over there. ,按意义一样的原就,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数；反 means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer Some sheep are over there. The/This glass works was set up in1980. The/These glass works are near the railway station. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 9 页