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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词等;状语从句可以表示时间、条件、缘由、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义;学问梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表:时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before 条件 If, unless 缘由 As, because, since 地点 Where 目的 So that, in order that 结果 So that, so that, such that让步 tho
2、ugh, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较 than, notas as, 时间状语从句:Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个伴侣;条件状语从句:As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着,我就要学习;缘由状语从句:Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather. 天气;地点状语从句:由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我们都
3、能看到的位置;目的状语从句:Finish this so that you can start another. 结果状语从句:把这个做完,你可以开头另一个;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了;让步状语从句:Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 方式状语从句:虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力;Students do as the teachers
4、 say. 同学们依据老师说的去做;比较状语从句:The work isnt as easy as I thought. 这项工作比我想象得难;例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!易混引导词while, when, as的区分:when 既可以指 时间点 ,与瞬时动词连用,也可以指(=while );如:When he came in, his mother was cooking. 时间段 ,与连续性动词连用When While we were at school, we went to the library every day. While 表示时间段 ,因此, while 从句的谓语动词要
5、用连续性动词;如:Please dont talk so loud while others are working. As 与 when 用法相像,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有 随着 或一 边 一边 之意;如:As you get older, you get more knowledge. 2Because,as,since 的区分:随着年龄的增长,你获得的学问就越多;Because 用于表示直接缘由 ,回答 why 提出的问题, 语气最强; As 用于说明缘由 , 着重点在主句,常译成 由于 ;since 表示明显的或已知的理由或事实,常译成 既然 ;如:Water is v
6、ery important because we cant live without it. He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill. Ill do it for you since you are busy. 名师归纳总结 3such that, so that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区分:第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载such 是形容词,修饰名词; so 是副词,修饰形容词或副词;其结构如下:1 such + a n+ 形容词 +单数可数
7、名词 +that 2 such+ 形容词 +复数可数名词 +that 3 such + 形容词 +不行数名词 +that ;如:This was such a good film that I went to see it several times. It was such good books that they sell well. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. He is such a lovely boy that we a
8、ll like him. =He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. 注:在 形容词 +可数名词复数 /不行数名词 结构中,当名词前有 many, much, few, little 表示数量的多少时,名词前用 so;如:She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam. 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成果!状语从句答案1.参考答案及解析; who1. A. which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语;2 C. 和谁讲话” 要说speak to sb. 此题全句应为Do you know t
9、he man whom I spoke to.m是关系代词,作介词to 的宾语,可以省略;3. D. where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;4. C. when是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;5 A. which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语;其他几个答案都不能作宾语;6 C. 解析同第 5 题;名师归纳总结 7. A. 解析见第 3 题;第 3 页,共 13 页8. A. 本句话的先行词应当是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown ;假如句中的one 前面使用了定冠词the ,就 t
10、he one应当视为先行词;9. A. “ 谈到某事物” 应说talk about sth.;about 是介词,其后要用which 作宾语,不能用that ;10. A. with which是 介词 +关系代词 结构 , 常用来引导定语从句.with有 用 的意思 , 介词之后只能用 which, 不能用 that. with which在定语从句中作状语, 即 he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with
11、 whom引导定语从句 .with whom放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer.- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 13. D. whose学习必备欢迎下载引导定语从句 , 在从句中作主语family的定语 . 14. A. that引导定语从句 , 由于先行词是all,所以只能选用that 引导 . 15. D. the same .as是固定用法 , as引导定语从句时, 可以作主语 , 宾语或表语 . 在本句话中 ,as作从句的主语 . 16. D. such as 是固定用法 ,as 引导定语从句
12、时 , 可以作主语 , 宾语或表语 . 在此题中 ,as 作表语 .17. B. as 作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句;这时 as 所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义;在本句中 ,as 作宾语 . as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语;从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前;18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句 .with whom放在从句中为 :I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as 引导定语从句时通常构成
13、such as 或 the same as 固定搭配,其中 such 和 same修饰其后的名词, as 为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句; as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语;Such 修饰单数名词时 , 要用 such a ., 此题中 such books, such 直接修饰复数名词 . 20. B. things 和 persons 是先行词 . 当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人 , 又表示物的名词时 , 其关系代词要用 that. 21. D. who 引导非限制性定语从句 ,who 作从句的主语 . 22. C. two thirds of whom 即 :two th
14、irds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词 person 后有两个定语从句 , 第一个从句省略了关系代词 whom.由于 , whom 作从句中 met的宾语 , 可以省略 . 其次个从句 who could do it.who 在从句中作主语 , 不行省略 . 24. A. whose title 引导非限制性定语从句 ,whose title 也可以说成 the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句 , 使用介词 for, 是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以 . 而著名 . 26. C. 当先行词
15、被 such 修饰时 , 引导定语从句的关系代词要用 as. As 在本从句中作主语 . 27. A. 两个先行词 the day 都是表示时间的名词 , 但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语 , 因此要用关系副词 when. 其次个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词 spent 的宾语 , 因此要用关系代词 which 或 that 来引导定语从句 . 28. D. 在 way、distance、direction 等词后的定语从句中,常用 that 来代替“in 或其他介词 +which ” 、 when或 where,而 that 常可省略;29. D. for which 在定语从句
16、中作缘由状语 , 可用 why 来替代 . 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句 . 31. A. The reason why was that . 已成为一种固定句型,这一句中的 why 和 that 不能随便换位,也不能将 that 改成 because,尽管 that 这个词在译文中可能有“ 由于” 的含义;32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用 which 引导 ,which 表示前句话的整个含义 . 33. A. 说明见 28 题. 34. D. 主句中的 two 说明不能选 A. 从句中的 are 说明不能选 B. both of
17、 which 用来引导非限制性定语从句 . 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such as 或 the same as 固定搭配,其中such 和 same修饰其后的名词, as 为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句;题中 as 作从句的主语 . as 在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语;本36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which 引导 ,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 名师归纳总结 38. D. 解析见 35 题. that. 第 4 页,共 13 页39. A. he makes是定语从句 , 从句前省略了关系代词- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - -
18、 - - - - - - 40. B. which is a bad habit 学习必备欢迎下载非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是宾语从句 . all 之后 that he knew是定语从句 . 先行词是 all,所以关系代词只能用 that. 42. D. years 是表示时间的名词 , 用 when引导定语从句 , 是由于 when在从句中作时间状语 . 其次个空选用 which, 引导一个非限制性定语从句 . 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是 who own cars. 其先行词是 people, 因此 , 定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的 own;本句话主
19、句的主语是 The number of 指“ . 的数目” ,是单数概念;因此,主句的谓语动词要用 is ;44. D. that followed是定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语;在定语从句中作状语;W45. A. 先行词 gas 被 only 修饰,关系代词要用that ,而不用 which ;46. B. through which引导定语从句, through which即 through the hole,hat 引导的是 see 的宾语从句,并作从句的主语;47. B. 为便于懂得,改写本句话:This is the school that some Germanfrie
20、nds visited last week. 不难看出,作表语的 the school 是先行词; that 引导了定语从句,由于 that 同时又作 visited 的宾语,所以被省略了;其它选项结构不对;48. A. 说明见 35 题;并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念;因此,C是正确选项;49. C. 由于是 two ballpens, 50. B. 本句话中,主句的主语是all,为抽象概念;因此,其谓语应用单数的has been ;关系代词 that 引导定语从句,并在从从句中作主语;被动语态:表示某件事被做;be 留意时态变化)+动词的过去分词例: Our homework s
21、huold be done by ourselves. 我们的作业应当被我们自己做;)现在完成时:表示到目前为止已经做完;have/has+ 动词的过去的分词例: I have finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业;)2.3. 被动语态(一)答案参考答案 4.BABCB BDACB ADDBA CCABD5. 被动语态(二)答案参考答案:1. 1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-6 B C B B C A 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 名师归纳总结 - - - -
22、- - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A 14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B 宾语从句 定语从句( Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词;定语从句通常显现在先
23、行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出;关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which 等;关系副词有: when, where, why 等;18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分;关系代词在 定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一样;1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you. 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语)He
24、 is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人;(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)of which 互换) , 例如:2 Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语 , 如指物,它仍可以同They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose of which cover is green. 3) which, that 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙;请递给我那本绿皮的书;它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中
25、可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村显现了前所未有的富强;(which / that 在句中作宾语)The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语;1) when, where, why 你拿的包快散了 ;which / that关系副词 wh
26、en, where, why 的含义相当于 介词 + which 结构,因此经常和 介词 + which 结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when on which one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候;Beijing is the place where in which I was born. 北京是我的诞生地;Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer. 2) that 代替关系副词这就是他拒绝我们帮忙他的理由吗?名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 13
27、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载和 介词 + which 引导的定语that 可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why从句,在口语中 that 常被省略,例如:His father died the year that / when / in which he was born. 他父亲在他诞生那年逝世了;He is unlikely to find the place that / where / in which he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方;用关系代词,仍
28、是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词;及物动词后面无宾语,就必需要求用关系代词;而不及物动词就要求用关系副词;例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句;1语序无论主句是陈述句仍是疑问句,宾语从句都必需使用陈述语序,即“ 主句连词宾语从句(主语谓语 )种:” 句式;依据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四1)连接词谓语;连接词在从句中作主语;常见的连接词有:who
29、,what,which 等;如:Could you tell me who knows the answer ,please?你能告知我谁知道答案吗?The small children dont know what is in their stockings 东西?这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么2)连接词名词谓语;连接词在从句中作主语的定语;常见的连接词有:whose,what,which, how many, how much 等;如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书法最好;The teacher a
30、sked us how many people there were in the room 老师问我们房间里有多少 人;3)连接词主语谓语;连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语; 常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which ,how many ,how much , when,why ,how,where,if whether(在 句中不充当任何成分)等;如:He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi 他仍没打算是否去无锡旅行;Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告知我我
31、如何处理这笔钱吗?名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4)连接词名词主语谓语;连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语;常见的连接词 有: what,which ,how many ,how much ,how 等;如:Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔;2连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用 省略;如:that 引导, that 无词义,在口语或
32、非正式文体中常He said that he could finish his work before supper 他说他会在晚饭前完成工作;2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if 或 whether 引导,意为“ 是否”;如:I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是 否仍住在这儿;但在以下情形下只能用whether:or not 连用时,往往用whether在具有挑选意义,又有or 或 or not 时,特别是直接与(if or not 也可以使用) ;如:Let me know
33、whether if he will come or not( Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来;I dont know whether if he does any washing or not ( I dont know whether or not he does any washing)我不知道他洗不洗衣服;I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去仍是留;在介词之后用 whether;如:Im interested in whether he likes Engl
34、ish 我关怀的是他是否喜爱英语;Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time 成这项工作;我们正在考虑是否能按时完I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 我担忧是否伤了她的感情;名师归纳总结 在不定式前用whether;如:第 8 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未打算是否拜望那位老人;I dont kno
35、w whether to go 我不知去否;He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 车去;whether 置于句首时,不能换用 if ;如:他仍未打算是乘公共汽车去仍是坐火Whether this is true or not ,I cant say这是否真的我说不上来;引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用 whether;如:Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来仍是个问题;The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们
36、能否赶上公共汽车;如用 if 会引起歧义时,就用 whether;如:Please let me know if you like the book 可懂得为:aPlease let me know whether you like the book 请告知我你是否喜爱这本书;bIf you like the book , please let me know你假如喜爱这本书,请告知我;3)假如宾语从句原先是特别疑问句,只需用原先的特别疑问词引导;如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning 为什么开会迟到
37、吗?3时态?你能告知我今日早上你含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:1)假如主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可依据需要,选用相应的任何时态;如:I dont know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来;He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告知我他姐姐昨天回来了;2)假如主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可依据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式;如:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13
38、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载The children didnt know who he was 孩子们不知道他是谁;He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的;3)假如宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时;如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球围着太阳转;4留意:if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应留意它们在两种从句中的意思和用
39、法的不同;if 和 when 引导宾语从句时,分别意为“ 是否” 和“ 何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“ 假如,假如” 和“ 当 时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时;它们经常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查;如:Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?Sorry,I dont know When he comes back , Ill tell you 对不起,不知道;当他回来 了,我将告知你;I dont know if he will come我不
40、知道他是否会来;He will come if it doesnt rain 假如不下雨,他会来的;简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简洁句,的试题;下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法:使其与原句意思相同 (或相近)方法一:当主句谓语动词是 hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise 等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一样时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构;例如:Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We deci
41、ded that we would help him. We decided to help him. 方法二:当主句谓语动词是know , learn, remember, forget, tell 等动词,且名师归纳总结 主句主语与从句主语一样时,宾语从句可简化为“ 疑问词+不定式” 结构;例如:第 10 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载window. She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the
42、注:当主句谓语动词是 tell, ask, show, teach 等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一样时,宾语从句可简化为“ 疑问词 +不定式” 结构;例如:station?Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Could you tell me how to get to the 方法三:当主句的谓语动词是 order(命令), require(需要)等时,假如主句和从句的主语不一样,宾语从句可简化为“ 名词(代词)+不定式” 结构;例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start
43、 at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化;例如:He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesn t know the time and the place of his birth. 方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“ 宾语 结构;例如:+V-ing 形式(作宾语补足语) ”Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 方法六:动词 seem 后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化;例如:It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外,仍有一些特别句式的转化;例如:well. I found t