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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初三年级（下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语 1. beg ones pardon 2. multiply by3. slow down 4. wear out 5. try on 6. make a decision, 7. a place of interest 8. make a mistake 9. drop off 10. think about 11. make up ones mind, 12. at all, 13. at least 14. by the time 15. carry on 16. never mind 17. f
2、rom now on 18. come down 19. hands up 20. before long ,21. no one,22. not any longer II. 重要句型 1. be busy doing sth. 2. prefer to do sth. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. regard. as. 4. be pleased with sth./sb. 5. be angry with sb.III. 交际用语 . yuan and as much as yuan.1. - H
3、ow much does cost 2. - It can cost as little as .3. - It costs .4. - Its worth .5. - I dont agree with 6. - I wasnt sure whether .7. - I wonder if .8. - What size . 9. -Have you got any other colour / size / kind. 10. -Have you got anything cheaper. 11. -How much are they. 12. -How much does it cost
4、. 13. -How much is it. 14. -Thats a bit expensive. 15. -Even though theyre a little expensive, Ill take them. 16. -Ill think about . . .17. - I dont think Ill take 18. - I like .19. - I dont really like 20. -Can I help you, girl. 21. -Would you like me to look in the back. 22. - We can find .23. - D
5、o you like being .24. -Can I ask you some questions. 25. -Sure. 26. -It was great. 27. -Wow. 28. -Yeah. 29. -Oh dear. 30. -Hands up. 31. - I ll shoot anyone who moves. 第 2 页,共 13 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 32. - There s no need to thank me. 33. -Can you remember anything else abou
6、t him. 34. -Come down, Polly. 35. -There is a little traffic accident36. -Theres a big traffic jam. 37. -Well, Im sure hell be here before long. 38. -Im beginning to get angry with him. 39.-Yes, we cant wait any longer. Lets go without him. 40. -Thats terrible. 41. -Thats a really bad excuse. IV. 重要
7、语法 1. 过去将来时 2. 过去完成时 3. 动词不定式 4. 定语从句【名师讲解】1. think/ think/about/ think of 1 thi nk 单独使用时表示 摸索 , 接 that 宾语从句时意为认为 ,觉得 ；I am thinking how to work out the problem. I think she is a good student. 当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定I dont think he can come. I dont think it will be windy. think ,但意义上却是否定宾语从句；2 think ab
8、out 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是考虑 ；I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. 3 think of 表示 认为 , 一般用于疑问句中,与 what 连用；What do you think of the TV play. = How do you like the TV play. 2. big/ large/ great 上述形容词都表示 大 ,但侧重点及程度不同；1 big 指详细事物的大小,强调比正常
9、形体的标准大,既可用在一般场合,人的身材高大或 长大了 ,仍可表示 宏大 , 重要 之意；如：也可用在正式场合；它可用来指名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Can you lift up this big stone. On the last day I made a big decision. 2 large 特殊强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大；如：A whale is a large animal. A large crowd collected at the gate of the the
10、atre. 3 great 除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着宏大性,重要性,优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时,常带有宏大 ,大得令人惊讶 等意思,含有肯定的感情颜色；如：China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists. 3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay 1 cost表示 花钱 ,花费,付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必需是物；）The book cost me five yuan. 2 take 的主语是动词不定式 , 通常
11、用 it 做形式主语；It took me five yuan to buy the book. 3 spend,在主动语句中主语是人 I spent five yuan on for the book. 或 I spent five yuan in buying the book. 4 pay 的主语是人；I paid five yuan for the book. 4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要留意使用；价格 低 ；1 expensive昂贵的,花钱多的；这个单词如谈到 本身；如：This watch is expensive
12、. 这只表很贵；expensive 与 high 涉及到价格 高 ,而 cheap 与 low 涉及到 价格高,货贵 时,其主语不能是价格,必需是货物、物品These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱；留意： cheap表示 价廉 ,廉价的 ,其主语也不能是价格,必需是物品本身；如：The cheap table was bought from him. 这张廉价的桌子是他卖给我们的；This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很廉价；低,这两个词不能用于物品本身,只2high 在表示价格时,含义是高 ,lo
13、w 在表示价格时,含义是能用在价格上；如：The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了；The price of this book is not low for me. 下面我们试看几个句子的正误对比：这本书的价格对我来说是不低；The price of this computer is expensive. 宜改为： This computer is expensive. 或 The price of this computer is high. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - -
14、- - - - - The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy. 宜改为： This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. 5. alone/ lonelylonely 与 alone 的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区分：1lonely 用作形容词,意思是 孤独的；孤寂的 ；可指心灵上的孤寂,也可指偏僻的地点；在句中既可作表语,也可作定语；2alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是单独；独自 ,不指心理上孤寂的感觉；She wa
15、s taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely. 她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到孤寂；6. before long/ long before1before long 作“不久以后 ”讲,切不要按字面译为“长时间以前 ” 或“好久以前 ”；如：We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们期望不久（以后）就把试验做完；2 long before 作很久以前 讲；原意为 以前很久 ,故也可译为 老早 ；long before 跟 before long
16、 不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时,名词或从句仍可以省略；Before long 就没有上述搭配用法；They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开头做试验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做预备了；7. as/ when/ while 1as 是连词,意思是 当 的时候,一面 一面 ,（强调同时,一般连续时间不长）,如：As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正值我们谈论 泰坦尼克号 这部电影时,老师进来
17、了；The students sing as they go along. 同学们边走边唱；2 When 和 as 一样都是连词,留意它们的不同；如 那时 （等立连词,前有逗号分开）when当 的时候 （一般表示动作紧接着发生）；I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我始终呆到太阳下山,那时天开头下雨了；3 while 是当 时候；和 同时 （强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长）While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书；While there is life, there i
18、s hope. 有生命就有期望；8. beat/win/ hit1beat 是动词,意思是连续地打 ; 打败 ; 敲打 ；beat 后可接人或队名；意思是击败对手； 如：I can beat you at swimming. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 win 意思是 赢得某个项目 ,后面常接 match, game ；如：He won a game. 他胜一局；We won a match. 我们竞赛得胜；3 hit 意思是 击中 （有时可表示 打一下 ）；如：The mother hit her ch
19、ild out of anger. 妈妈愤怒,打了她孩子一下；9. keep doing/keep on doing 1keep doing 侧重表示 连续不停地做某事或连续某种状态 ；如：The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩始终在哭；The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时；2 keep on doing 表示 总不断做某事 ,不表示静止状态；不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用；如：It kept on raining for se
20、ven days. Dont keep on asking such silly questions. 10. get/ turn/ become这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同；get 强调情感、气候和环境的变化； turn 强调颜色的变化；而become就强调职务、职称等的变化；如：The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter 冬天的白天越来越短；She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red她回答不出问题,脸红了；When did
21、 you become a teacher. - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前；11. steal / rob 从意思上讲steal 表示偷窃的意思；而rob 表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ; 而 rob 就用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor. They robbed the bank of one million dollars. 12. see/look/watch/notice 在英语中, see,look
22、 ,watch,notice 都有 “ 看”的意思,要留意他们的区分；see意为 “ 看到 ” ,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调“ 看到 ”的结果；look 意为 “ 看”,表示有意识地观看,强调“ 看”的动作；watch 意为 “观看,凝视 ” ,指以较大的留意力观看；notice 意为 “看到,留意到 ” ,指有意识的留意,含有从不留意到留意的变化的意义；例如：What can you see in the picture ？在图画中你能看到什么？名师归纳总结 Look. How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多兴奋啊！第 6 页,共 13 页-
23、 - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Hes watched TV for over two hours他看了两个多小时的电视；He noticed a purse lying on the road 他留意到地上有个钱包；13. Shoot/ shoot at shoot是及物动词,意思是“射中,射死 ”,宾语多为人或动物等；而shootat 是一个动词词组,意为“向 射击 ” ,至于射中或射死与否不得而知；如：The man shot five birds in the forest 那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟；The hunter shot at
24、 the bear猎人朝熊射击了；They shot at the shewolf , but didnt shoot her 他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中死；14. escape/ run away 1 escape作“ 逃跑 ” 、“逃脱 ”或“ 躲避 ”讲时,往往会有胜利之意；如：The old man escaped death那个老人死里逃命；The thief escaped from prison 那个小偷越狱了；2 run away 作“逃跑 ” 、“ 跑走 ”讲时,往往强调动作；如：Dont let him run away 别让他跑了；口语中 escape和 run a
25、way 可以互用；15. so that./ so. that.1 sothat.为了,以便；引导一个目的状语从句,从句中往往有情态动词；也可引导一个结果状语从句；如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus. Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say. He didnt study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company. 2 so. that.既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句
26、；如： The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study. I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train. 【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 过去将来时；2. 过去完成时；3. 动词不定式；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4. 定语从句；5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的交际用语；考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子；【中考范例】1.
27、 2004 年济宁市中考试题 He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start A.what he s going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held【 解析 】答案： B；该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态；由于主句的时态是一般过去时,所以从句应用过去将来时,这就排除了 A 和 B；宾语从句的时态应当是陈述句的语序,所以只有 B 是对的；2. 2004 年烟台市中考试题 -Why didn t
28、 you go to the movie yesterday.-Because I _ it before. A.had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen 看电影习惯商用see 【 解析 】答案：D；该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区分；a movie, 又由于说的昨天以前发生的事情,应当用过去完成时；只有D 正确；3. 2004 年重庆市中考试题 -Did you win the football game. -Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one. A.won B.
29、beat C. was won D. was beaten 【 解析 】答案： D；该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态；动词win 通常和竞赛一类的词连用,不与人或队连用,因此可以排除 A 和 C；beat 是个及物动词,既然我们的运气不好,就是输了,应当用被动语态；4. 2004 年广州市中考试题 -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher. -Oh. Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which 【 解析 】答案： B；该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词
30、的挑选；由于先行词是人,可以排除 A 和 D；而该词在定语从句中作主语,只有 B 合适；【满分演练】一. 单项挑选1. Though he is _ seventy years old, he takes exercise every day. A.past B.above C.on D.over 2. The sun rises _ and goes down _. A.in the east, in the west B.in the west, in the east C.to the east, to the west D.from the east, from the west 3.
31、 Which would you like, Madam, tea or coffee. _, thanks. Id like a glass of water, please. A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.OK 4. One of the boys is _, all the other boys are _. A.English , China B.an English, Chinese C.England , China D.English, Chinese 5. -How soon will you finish the building. - _. 名师归
32、纳总结 A.In two months B.Two months 第 8 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C.About two months D.After two months 6. They did _ their father told them. A.like B.as C.about D.with 7. The fish smells _ _. You mustnt eat it. A.nicely B.heavily C.terrible D.terribly 8. Either you or he _ the team
33、. A.is in B.are on C.is on D.are in 9. He was made _ thirteen hours a day by his boss. A.to work B.work C.is on D.are in 10. _ you work, _ you will do. A.Harder, better B.The harder, the worse C.Hardest, best D.The harder, the better 11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and _ to take part in the English meetin
34、g. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 12. Tell the students _ their English books. A.to take B.to carry C.to bring D.bring 13. It _ us two hours get to our school. A.take B.takes C.spend D.paid 14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly walk, _. A.does she B.can she C.doesn t she D.can t she 15. _ Yellow Ri
35、ver is the second longest river is our country. A./ B.The C.An D.A 16. -Do you want to _ at the meeting. -No, I have nothing to _. A.say, speak B.tell, talk C.say, say D.speak, say 17.-You need something to drink, d ont you. - _. A.Not at all B.I neednt C.No, please D.Yes, please 18. She asked me _
36、he could dance or sing. A.if B.what C.whether D.that 19. - Aren t you Marys sister. -_ Im her aunt. A.Yes, I am B.No, Im not C.Yes, Im not D.No, I am 20. _, no man has travelled farther than the moon. A.To now B.To far C.So far D.Till now 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Class 3 won the football match and our clas
37、s _ by them. beat 2. By last Friday the students _ learnall their new lessons. 3. He will be a worker after he _ finish middle school. 4. I felt like _ have a rest after lunch. 5. Is there another way of _ answer the question. 6. Ill tell him the news that our class _ win. 7. Jim made us _ agree wit
38、h him. 8. The teacher _ give us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 9. Someone saw him _ fall off the horse just now. 10. Look. A group of policemen _ run into that room. 三. 改写句子1. None of the doctors knows about the matter. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - _ _ know about
39、 the matter. 2. Tom is taller than John. Jonh is not _ _ _ Tom. 3. The jacket cost so little that he bought it. The jacket _ _ _ for him to buy. 4. Jim had a good journey home. Jim _ _ very much _ _ _ home. 5. I didnt finish my work in time because my pen was broken. The _ pen stopped _ _ finishing
40、my work in time. 四. 完形填空Hundreds of years ago, life was 1 than 2 today. People didn have modern machines. There 3 modern medicine, 4 . Life today 5 new problems. One of the biggest is pollution 污染 . Water pollution has 6 our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects 影响 our drinking water
41、. Noise pollution makes us 7 louder and 8 . Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects 9 living thing in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute 污染 our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so 10 that it is like a quilt 被状物 over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog. 烟雾 1. A.more hard B.more harder C.much harder D.much more harder 2. A.they are B.they were C.it was D.it is 3. A.were not B.was no C.were D.was 4. A.either B.too C.also D.neither 5. A.bring B.have C.have got D.has brought 6. A.made B.let C.taken D.changed 7. A.say B.talk C.tell