(完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit1SectionB教材全解.doc

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1、人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit1SectionB教材全解Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?Unit 1 Section B教材全解1.Hello,Im Peter.I like to play basketball.I can speak English and I can also play soccer.你好!我是彼特。我喜欢打篮球。我会说英语,也会踢足球。【重点注释】I like to play basketball.我喜欢打篮球。like doing sth.和like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”,但动名词所表示的动作,在意义上比较一般和抽象

2、,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作;动词不定式则常指某个具体的一次性的动作。例如:She likes swimming.她喜欢游泳(经常性的爱好)。She likes to swim this afternoon.她今天下午想游泳(特指某一次的动作)。另外,在搭配(使用方法)上,还有一点区别:(1)“like to do sth.”一般与 “would” 搭配,构成would like(would like 后面只能跟动词不定式,即woule like to do sth.),表示“意愿”。例如:I would like to swim with you .我愿意和你去游泳。Would you l

3、ike to skate? 你愿意去滑冰吗?Would you like to have some bananas?你想吃些香蕉吗?(2)“like doing sth.”表示“爱好”。例如:I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。Do you like singing ?你喜欢唱歌吗?I can speak English and I can also play soccer.我会说英语,也会踢足球。这是一个并列句,由连词and连接两个简单句。and可以连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子,表示并列或对称的关系,可翻译为“和;并(且);又;兼”等。例如:Mille and Amy g

4、o to the park every week.米莉和艾米每周都去公园。They love playing football and we love playing football too.他们喜欢踢足球,我们也喜欢踢足球。【比较记忆】Unit 1 Section A课文全析5:Lisa wants to join the chess club,but she cant play chess.莉萨想加入国际象棋俱乐部,但她不会下国际象棋。but,连词,表示转折关系,意为“但是”。而and是表示并列、递进关系的连词,意为“并且”。例如:She can dance,but she cant s

5、ing.她会跳舞,但她不会唱歌。I can play the piano,and I play it very well.我会弹钢琴,并且弹得很好。副词also意思是“也”。例如:Im 19 years old.John is also 19 years old.我19岁,约翰也19岁。【比较记忆】also与too的意思都是“也”,它们的区别如下:also用于肯定句,通常位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。too用于肯定句,通常放在句末。例句:He is good at English.He is also good at Japanese.他擅长英语,也擅长日语。She can

6、 also speak English.她也会说英语。I also want some tea.我也要点茶。I know the answer,too.我也知道答案。注意:too修饰形容词或副词,作程度状语时,表示“太,过分”之意。例如:He speaks too fast.他说话太快。The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。2.Hi,Im Ma Huan.I can play ping-pong and chess.I like to talk and play games with people.嗨,我是马欢。我会乒乓球和国际象棋。我喜欢与人交谈和玩游戏。【重点注释】I

7、can play ping-pong and chess.= I can play ping-pong and I can play chess.我会打乒乓球,也会下国际象棋。I like to talk and play games with people.= I like to talk to people and I like to play games with people.我喜欢和人交谈,也喜欢和人玩游戏。play games做(玩)游戏。play games with sb.和某人一起做游戏。people泛指“人们”,是集体名词,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Some peo

8、ple speak French in this country.在这个国家,一部分人讲法语。【拓展记忆】1)the people意为“人民”。例如:We study hard for the people.我们为人民努力学习。2)people还可表示“民族;种族”,是可数名词,其复数形式为peoples。例如:There are fifty-six peoples in China.中国有56个民族。3.Are you busy after school?No?Can you speak English?Yes?Then we need you to help with sports for

9、 English-speaking students.Its relaxing and easy!放学后你忙吗?不忙?你会说英语吗?是的?那么,我们需要你帮助说英语的学生进行体育运动。它轻松且容易!【重点注释】busy形容词,意为“忙的,繁忙的”,反义词是free,意为“空闲的,有空的”。be busy=have no time=be not free很忙.形容词常和be连用,作表语。如短文下一句:Its relaxing and easy!它轻松且容易!【试题链接】根据句子中所给单词的首字母或中文提示,填写正确的单词。Ted is so b that he has no time to wa

10、tch TV in the evenings.(由句意“在晚上,泰德如此忙以至于他没有时间看电视。”知此处需填形容词busy。)【拓展记忆】be busy with sth.忙于某事/be busy(in) doing sth.忙于做某事。例如:My uncle is busy with his work.我叔叔正忙着他的工作。I am busy doing my homework.我正忙着做我的家庭作业。be busy doing sth侧重于动作,sth.是名词或代词,do是动词的形式,doing是v.ing形式。be busy with sth.侧重于状态。be busy后跟名词或代词,

11、用with;be busy后跟动词,用v.ing形式。两者意思都一样,可以互换。例如:He is busy doing his homework(他忙着做家庭作业).=He is busy with his homework(他忙于家庭作业). Hes busy with(playing) soccer.他忙于踢足球。Theyre busy watching TV.他们忙着看电视。注意:不要出现用with,还用v.ing形式。Were busy with cleaning the classroom.()Then we need you to help with sports for Engl

12、ish-speaking students.那么,我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。need作为实义动词,意为“需要”,此时need有人称和数的变化,need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词(v.ing)、动词不定式或代词。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”;need sb.to do sth.意为“需要某人做某事”;need后面接动名词(v.ing)时,动名词表被动意思,此时主语常为物。The room needs cleaning.这个房间需要打扫。need既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句和疑问句,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does等。例如:You need t

13、o talk with your mother.你需要和你妈妈谈谈。Does your father need any help?你爸爸需要帮助吗?注意:need sth.需要某物。need to do sth.需要做某事。need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事。例如:I need a sweater.我需要一件毛衣。I need a pencil.我需要一支铅笔。I need to do my homework.我需要做我的家庭作业。I need you to help me.我需要你帮我。He needs to see a doctor.他需要看医生。【拓展记忆】need用作

14、情态动词时,意思是“有必要”或“需要”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句。例如:You neednt worry.你不必担心。Why need you go today?为什么你需要今天走?注意:由于用作情态动词的need通常不用于肯定句,所以对于以need开头的一般疑问句的否定回答可用neednt,但是肯定回答却不能用Yes,you need.之类,应根据具体情况改用其他表达。例如:Need I come tomorrow?明天我需要来吗?No,you neednt.不,你没有必要来。Need he stay here?他有必要留在这儿吗?Yes,he must.是的,必须留在这儿。

15、Then we need you to help with sports for English-speaking students.那么,我们需要你帮助说英语的学生进行体育运动。help的用法:1)help with (doing)sth.(名词或代词)在某方面帮助;帮助(做);帮助(做)某事(help with后面接物等名词时,翻译汉语时可以加上动词)。本句中help with sports=help with having sports意为“帮着进行体育运动”; help with sports for English-speaking students意为“帮助说英语的学生进行体育运动

16、”。例如:May I help with(taking) the books? 我帮(你)(拿)这些书好吗? Do you need some help with(taking) those bags?你需要帮忙(拿,搬)那些袋子吗?May I help with (washing)the bowls?我帮你(洗)碗,好吗? 2)help sb.with sth(名词或代词).在某方面帮助某人;帮助某人(做)某事(注意:这个短语在with与后面的名词间一般会加上冠词或形容词性物主代词这样的限定词.Can you help me with my English?)。例如:Please help

17、me with my homework.请帮我做家庭作业吧。3)help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事(动词不定式符号to可以省略,即:help sb.do sth.但是没有help sb.doing sth或help sb.with doing sth.的说法。例如:Can you help me (to)learn my English?= Can you help me with my English? Please help me with my homework.= Please help me (to)do my homework.4)help to do sth.

18、帮着做某事。例如:Can you help to carry the stone?你能帮着搬这个石头吗?【试题链接】Ann often helps me math after school. A.for B.with C.on D.by(help sb.with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。句意:放学后安经常帮助我学数学。故选填B。)Then we need you to help with sports for English-speaking students.那么,我们需要你帮助说英语的学生开展体育活动。English-speaking是由English和speaking两词合并构成

19、的一个形容词,表示“说英语的”。例如:There are many English-speaking countries in the world.世界上又许多说英语的国家。4.Please come to the StudentsSports Center.Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742.请来学生体育中心吧。给布朗先生打293-7742这个电话(打电话293-7741联系布朗先生)。【重点注释】Please come to the StudentsSports Center.请来学生体育中心吧。students意为“学生们的”,是名词复数所有格形式。若名词已有复数词尾-s

20、,只加“”。例如:Teachers Day教师节 the workersclub工人俱乐部your parentsroom你父母的房间 ten minutesbreak十分钟的课间休息。【拓展记忆】单数名词词尾加“s”,复数名词词尾没有-s,也要加“s”。例如:the boys bag男孩的书包 mens room男厕所Childrens Day儿童节【试题链接】How far is your home from school?Its about two walk. A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour(句意:“你家离学校多远?”“大约步行两个小时的路程。”此处应使用名

21、词所有格形式。hour是可数名词,在基数词two后应使用复数形式hours,以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接在词尾加“”。故选填B。)Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742.给布朗先生打293-7742这个电话(打电话293-7741联系布朗先生;拨293-7741找布朗先生)。call sb.=telephone sb.=phone sb.给某人打电话。call sb.at+电话号码,意为“拨找某人”。 call sb.at +时间,“在什么时间给某人打电话”,Jim will call me at 19:00 this evening.。call sb.at地点,“在哪里给某人

22、打电话”,Tom call me at school.5.We need help at the old peoples home.我们老人之家需要帮助。【重点注释】home是名词,意思是“家”。例如:Hes at home.他在家。at the old peoples home在敬老院,at home在家。【比较记忆】house,home和family的区别:这三个名词都有“家”的意思,但含义不同。house“住宅、住家“,一般指居住的建筑物本身。home“家、家庭、住所”,指包括家人和住所的总称,有感情色彩,还指家乡。family“家庭”或“家人”,是集合名词。若视为整体,具有单数意义;若

23、逐个考虑其个体,则具有复数意义。例句:There is a red house on top of the hill.上顶上有一所红房子。He is away from home.他不在家。He is glad to see his old home.他很高兴见到故乡。His family is very big.他家是个大家庭。【拓展记忆】home可用作副词,表示“回家”、“在家”等。如:go home回家。【试题链接】Peter regards Rizhao as his second because he has lived here for ten years . A.family.

24、B.house C.home D.room(彼得把日照看作他的第二个家,因为他已经在这儿住了10年了。family指的是家庭成员,一般不涉及房屋;house是指居住的建筑物;home是指家庭成员所居住的环境或与房屋有关的“家”。故选C。)6.Are you free in July?Are you good with old people?你七月有空吗?你善于和老人相处吗?【重点注释】be good with表示“善于;对有办法;与相处得好(与相处得融洽);善于与某人相处(应付)”,其同义短语为get on well with.。例如:He is good with computer.他擅长电

25、脑。He is very good with the children.=He is getting on well with the children.他与这些孩子相处得很好。She is good with her friends.=She gets on well with her friends.她与朋友们相处得好。【归纳记忆】with的其他用法:“用”,表示使用工具、手段等。例如:He writes with a pencil.他用铅笔写。注意:用某种语言,in。例如:Whats this in English?Theyre talking in Chinese.“和在一起”,表示伴

26、随。例如:Can you go to a movie with me?你能和我一起去看电影吗?“与”。例如:I d like to have a talk with you.我很想和你说句话。“具有,带有”。例如:Hes a tall kid with short bair.他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。They have no money with them.他们身上没带钱。“在方面”。Kate helps me with my English.凯特帮我学英语。“随着,与同时”。例如:With these words,he left the classroom.说完这些话(说着),他离开了

27、房间。【比较记忆】与good相关的短语:be good at擅长。例如:David is good at swimming.戴维擅长游泳。be good to对好。例如:Be good to him,OK?对他好些,行吗?be good for对有益。例如:Milk is good for our health.牛奶对我们的健康有益。7.They can tell you stories,and you can make friends.他们可以给你讲故事,你们可以交朋友。【重点注释】They can tell you stories,=They can tell stories to you

28、.他们可以给你讲故事。tell a story讲个故事,tell stories讲(些)故事。make friends/make a friend意为“结交朋友”;若表示“与交朋友”,常与介词with连用,构成“make friends with sb.”,意为“与某人交朋友”, 注意friends常用复数,因为交朋友,是双方的事情,至少有两个人参与,所以要在friend后加s(make a friend with很少见,很多英语语法书上视为不规范的用法,或者错误的用法。)。例如:I like making friends.我喜欢结交朋友。I want to make friends with

29、 you.我想和你交朋友。I want to make friends with them.我想和他们交朋友。David wants to make friends in China and wants to learn Chinese.戴维想在中国交朋友,并想学习汉语。【试题链接】补全句子:我将和愿意与我同甘共苦的人交朋友。I will with anyone who would like to share happiness and hardship with me.(make friends“交朋友”,是固定短语。will后跟动词原形,故填make friends。)【拓展记忆】make

30、有关的词组:1)make a telephone call打电话。例如:Im making a telephone call to my mother.我正要给我妈妈打个电话。2)make dumplings包饺子。例如:Do you make dumplings on New Years Day?过年时你们包饺子吗?3)make faces做鬼脸。例如:Look!The panda is making faces at us.瞧!这个熊猫在朝我们做鬼脸。8.Can you play the piano or the violin?Do you have time on the weekend

31、?你会弹钢琴或拉小提琴吗?你周末有空吗?【重点注释】have time意思是“有空,有时间”,相当于be free(Do you have time on the weekend?=Are you free on the weekend?)。time是不可数名词。例如:I have no time for reading.我没有时间阅读。She doesnt have time to play computer games.她没有时间玩电子游戏。课本原句Do you have time on the weekend?=Are you free on the weekend? Does he h

32、ave time next week?=Is he free next week?【拓展记忆】have a good time玩得愉快,过的高兴。例如:We can have a good time there.我们可以在那里玩个痛快。表示“在周末”,可用at/on the weekend或at/on weekends(用介词at为英国英语,用on为美国英语),但习惯上不说in the weekend或in weekends。例如:We usually do our shopping on the weekend.我们通常利用周末采购物品。Im free on the weekend/on w

33、eekends.我周末有空。He is very busy on weekdays.工作日他忙。【拓展记忆】weekend,可数名词,指“周末”,在5天工作制的国家,指星期六和星期日;在6天工作制的国家,指星期日,与weekday(工作日)相对。9.The school needs help to teach music.学校需要(人员来)帮助教音乐。【重点注释】teach意思是“教”。常用词组:1)teach sth.意为“教”。例如:The teacher teaches music.这位老师教音乐。2)teach sb.sth.意为“教某人某事”。例如:Can you teach me

34、English(注意:教某人什么语言,某人若是代词要用宾格,teach him Chinese)?你能教我英语吗?3)teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”。例如:The teacher teaches the students to swim/play the guitar.老师教学生们游泳/弹吉他。【一言辨异】 Im a teacher ,and I teach English. 我是个老师,我教英语。 Shes a teacher,and she teaches Chinese. 她是个老师,她教汉语。10.Musicians Wanted for School M

35、usic Festival.学校音乐节招聘音乐家。【重点注释】musician是可数名词,意思是“音乐家”,是由“music(音乐)+后缀-ian”构成的。IthinkQiaoYuismyfavoritemusician.我想乔羽是我最喜爱的音乐家。派生词:musical adj.音乐的;music n.音乐。【拓展记忆】名词后缀-ian可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示事业有成就或较为特殊的人。例如:historian历史学家,politician政治家,magician魔术师。该句中,wanted是英语中一种特定的语言现象,主要用于标题,常用于招聘、求购或求租广告中。在本单元中,主要用于招

36、募人员广告,相当于汉语的“招募;征集;招聘;寻求”等含义。11.Then you can be in our school music festival.那么,你可以参加我们学校的音乐节。【重点注释】be in结构:“be+介词”经常表示状态,而且寓意更为丰富,“执政;在家;到达;在里面;参加运动项目;从事等”。 be in 表示的“参加”是“入伙,加入”的意思,比较口语化,不是参加什么活动,而是参加什么组织、团体或者运动项目。be in还当“在家”讲,此时be in=be at home。例如:Are you in?=Are you at home?你在家吗?【拓展记忆】join in结构:“实意动词+介词”,通常表示状态,语意比较有限“加入;参加;和某人一起”。例如:An ordinary friend would join in your party with a bottle of wine.一个普通的朋友会带瓶葡萄酒参加你的派对。Will you please join us in the game?你愿意和我们一起游戏吗?- 6 -

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