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1、 高中英语真题:2014 届高考英语一轮复习阅读训练(34)猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。难点磁场 1.Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts.Increasing numbers of urban Chinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues r
2、elated to mental health.“We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a week.To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has ha
3、d to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers are the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of
4、total patients,said Zhang.“The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.”Chen Zhigang,an employee of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was
5、 encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health.“Mental health counselling helped reduce my pressure,”said Chen.But many people are still reluctan
6、t to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help.“I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental health counselling?They would think I was crazy.”Zhang said a lack of inf
7、ormation about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China.He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained.“In Western countries,mental health counselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We ne
8、ed to improve our training to upgrade our services.”Question:1.The underlined word“extend”in Paragraph 4 means _.A.pay attention to B.feel like doing C.enlarge and lengthen D.reduce 2.Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks.When
9、he came to analyse their embarrassing errors,he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.One of the women,for instance,on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car.“The explanation for this is that the
10、 brain is like a computer,”explains the professor.“People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.It was the womans custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings.But somehow the action got reversed 颠倒 in the programme.”About one in twenty of the inc
11、idents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.”Twenty per cent of all errors were“test failures”primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing.A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were
12、 kept,put them onmuch to his surprise.A woman victim reported:“I got into the bath with my socks on.”The commonest problem was information“storage failures”.People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew,went into a room and forgot why they were there,mislaid something,or smoked a cigarette
13、 without realizing it.The research so far suggests that while the“central processor”of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine,it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended.Otherwise the
14、 activity may be“captured”by another frequently and recently used programme,resulting in embarrassing errors.Questions:2.The word“verifying”in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _.A.improving B.changing C.checking D.stopping 3.According to the passage,the information“storage failures”refer to _.A.the de
15、struction of information collecting system B.the elimination of ones total memory C.the temporary loss of part of ones memory D.the separation of ones action from consciousness 3.One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease.The death rate 率 from the disease has been increasing a
16、t an alarming speed for the past thirty years.Today in Britain,for example,about four hundred people a day die of heart disease.Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly,by not smoking,by changing their diets,and by paying more attenti
17、on to reducing stress 压力 in their work.However,Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease.There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease.Instead of supporting such programs,however,the U
18、.S.health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical 外科的 treatment of the disease after it develops.This emphasis 强调 on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.In this time,modern technology has ena
19、bled doctors to develop new surgical techniques.Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky 有风险的 a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S.hospitals.The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of
20、 people,some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.First,it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention.Second,it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise.After hospitals buy the expensive equipment tha
21、t is necessary for modern heart surgery,they must try to recover the money they have spent.To do this,they raise costs for all their patients,not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for w
22、hom an operation is unnecessarybecause the equipment and expert skills are there.A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low.In one type of heart surgery,for example,only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions
23、after the surgery.However,more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.Question:4.“To do this”in Paragraph 3 means _.A.to help patients recover B.to increase the number of heart surgeries C.to get back the money spent on the equipment D.to buy new equipment for
24、 the treatment of heart disease 4.Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States.The benefit 义演）,called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S.television n
25、etworks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping
26、the victims of the September 11th attacks.Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance
27、in a show of support.The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Mariah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U2.They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles.Singer Billy Joel sang“New
28、York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighters hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song“Fragile”to a friend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song“Loves in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozens of oth
29、er celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay.Question:5.The underlined word“telethon”most probably means _
30、.A.a performance to raise money B.a concert held by some television networks C.a television program which lasts a long time D.a television program for entertainment 案例探究 1.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of tw
31、o,ages 4 and 18 months.“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesnt have to be that way,”said Anaclerio.Last summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook
32、mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called“A Party in a Basket”.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything.Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have
33、 created 制作 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket.“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and theyre very interactive 互动 and creative in that they build a sense of dr
34、ama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”The standard 200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more
35、information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.Question:What does the underlined word“hassle”Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 命题意图：本题考查学生通过上下文猜测
36、词义的能力，实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。属五星级题目。错解分析：本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，抓文章大意，可知文章旨在推荐一种 home party-planning business，其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会，从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。（2）仔细观察首段文字，“doesnt have to be a hassle”和“can be a basket of fun”互为反义，故可以推出答案。答案：C 2.LONDONReutersOrganic fruit,delivered right to the doorstep.That is
37、what Gabriel Gold prefers,and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible,the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides 农药,and you are generally supporting fam
38、ily farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally 本地 grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how m
39、any shoppers really know what they are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce?Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reason for their preferencesbut their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example,
40、small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported 进口 to meet growing demand.“The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market,”said Sue Flock,a specialis
41、t in this line of business.Question:What is the meaning of“the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 命题意图：考查学生通过推理判断来猜测词义的能力。属五星级题目。错解分析：本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语
42、句，没能把上下文串起来。解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全文，了解全文大意：越来越多的人热衷于有机食品。（2）联系上下文。由第一段“That 即Organic fruit is what Gabriel Gold prefers”,第二段“Organic produce is always better,Gold said.”可知 Gold 对Organic food 深感兴趣，再根据“Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain ar
43、e counting on more like him”，可知 Gold 是越来越多的喜爱 Organic food 的购物者中的一员，而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖（count on）越来越多的像他这样的人（来赚钱）。因此可得出答案。答案：A 锦囊妙计 1.通读全文，领会大意。2.对上下文进行逻辑推理。3.利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法（派生、合成、转化）等推测词义。4.依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。歼灭难点训练 A For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on othe
44、r planets.Most of these searches have been done over the radio.The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us.Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space,on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.Scie
45、ntists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to signals from about 1 000 stars,all within 100 light years of Earth.In addition,they will scan 扫视）the entire sky to“listen”for radio messages from more distant stars.Using a computer,they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one t
46、ime.Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy（银河星系）,scientists find that five percent are like our sun.Perhaps half of them have a planet like Earth.Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for t
47、emperatures to be right for the evolution 进化）of life.Based on the inhabitablethat can be lived in planets in our galaxy,most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.However,many scientists wonder whether intelligent 有智力的）life exists on other plane
48、ts.Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there.They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.Other scientists believe that our search hasnt been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life
49、 exists in our galaxy.Although our sun family is only about five billion years old,our galaxy is about 20 billion years old.In that time,some scientists think it is likely that civilization 文明）much more advanced than ours have developed.Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals;perhaps we have
50、not recognized the signals they have sent us.If we hope to find intelligent life,these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.1.The underlined word“monitor”in the passage means“_”.A.find B.follow C.check D.form B Internet shopping is a new way of shopping.You no longer need to walk round hu