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1、.语法七大语法考试重点 一 独立主格 一：独立主格构造的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词)+介词短语构成。二 独立主格构造的特点：1独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3独立主格构造一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was finished,we began our holiday.The president assassinat
2、ed,the whole country was in deep sorrow.=After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.This done,we went home.The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room,his ears red with cold.He came
3、 out of the library,a large book under his arm.二 过去完成时 1 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是 had+过去分词构成。2 用法 a.在 told,said,knew,heard,thought 等动词后的宾语从句。She said(that)she had never been to Paris.b.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.c.表示意向的动词，如 hope,wish,e*pect,th
4、ink,intend,mean,suppose 等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would e,but you didn t.3)过去完成时的时间状语 before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the gu
5、ests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written,left B，were writing,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left 注意：had no sooner than 刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 强调构造 考试重点
6、：强调句型的根本形式 It iswas+被强调局部+thatwho；强调句型用来强调状语。一、强调句型的根本形式 It iswas+被强调局部+thatwho。二、强调句型用来强调状语。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to e.A.where B.in which C.which d.that 2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A.that B.which C.
7、what D.who 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A.and she B.when C.she D.that she 四 情态动词 考试重点：情态动词+完成时 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must+现在完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜想。1、Mr.Green _ my letter,otherwise he would
8、have replied before now.A.must have received B.must have failed to receive C.must receive D.must fail to receive 2、I believe he _ an accident,otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had 二、should ought to+完成时 表示应该做的事情而没有做，否认式表示不该做的事情做了。含
9、有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A.not to do B.not to be done C.not to have done D.not having done 2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left,I _ him earlier.A.had a telephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned 三、could+完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情
10、感到惋惜，遗.憾。1、He could have joined us,but he didnt get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed,but I did not study hard enough.五 虚拟语气 考试重点：虚拟语气的根本形式和用法；if 的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以 wishthat引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以 as if,as though 引导的从句；以 suggest,advise,insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessaryimportantthat
11、引导的主语从句；It is time that句型中。一、虚拟语气的根本形式和用法：虚拟条件语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A.had known B.have known C.knew D.know 2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language“A.spoke B.speak C.had spoken D.will speak 3、If
12、 Bob_ with us,he would have had a good time.A.would e B.would have e C.had e D.came 二、if 的省略形式 在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含 were,had,should 等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略 if。1、_ you were busy,I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized 2、_,I shoul
13、d ask them some questions.A.Should they e to us B.If they e to us C.Were they e to us D.Had they e to us 三、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用 with，without，but for。1、Without your help,we _ so much.A.didnt achieve B.would not have achieved C.will not achieve D.dont achieve 2、But for the
14、rain,we _ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had 四、以 wishthat引导的表示“愿望的宾语从句 wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句主语过去时；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish+从句主语过去完成时；.1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could
15、 study B.studied C.had studied D.would study I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _ there.A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be 五、would rather句子过去时 1、Id _ you didnt touch that,if you dont mind.A.rather B.better C.happier D.further I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _ ne*t month f
16、or a dinner.A.e B.would e C.came D.have e 六、以 as if，as though 引导的从句 在 as if，as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和 wish 后面的从中动词形式变化一样。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A.knows B.knew C.had known D.would have known 2、You are talking as if you had seen them 七、以 suggest，a
17、dvise，insist 等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，order，demand，require，request 等。1、The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have 2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A.put on
18、B.puts on C.to put D.putting on 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that 引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+原形动词，should 可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A.es B.will e C.e D.may e 2、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A.will be arranged B.must be arrange
19、d C.be arranged D.would be arranged 九、It is time(that)引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A.do B.will do C.did D.must do 2、Dont you think it is time you _ smoking“A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up .六 状语从句 在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因
20、、让步、方式、比拟、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句 常用的连词有：when，whenever 无论什么时候，since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute一就 1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it started raining hard.A.when B.than C.then D.after 2、She has wanted to bee a nurse _ since she was a young gi
21、rl.A.long B.often C.always D.ever 二、条件状语从句 常用 if，unless除非，如果不，as/so long as 只要。1、_ Im mistaken,Ive seen that man before.A.Unless B.If C.Because D.Provided 2、_ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A.Until B.Unless C.If D.Provided 三、原因状语从句 常用：because,as,since。如
22、果表示必然的因果关系，一般用 because 引入；而 since 表示一种间接或附带的原因；用 as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.四、让步状语从句 常用 though/although，as 尽管，even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who 等 1、In short,_ he lives,a man belongs to
23、 some society.A.whatever B.whenever C.whichever D.wherever 2、_,you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A.No matter whoever you are B.Whomever you are C.Whoever you are D.No matter who are you 3、_ you disagree with her,her idea is still worth considering.A.Even if B.If only C.Instead of D.Des
24、pite of 4、Young _ he is,he knows what is the right thing to do.A.that B.as C.although D.however 五、方式状语从句 常用 as,just as,as if/though 等词。1、_ was pointed above,this substance can be used as a substitute.A.It B.That C.What D.As 2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A.knows B.knew C.had known D.w
25、ould have known.六、目的状语从句 常用 so that,in order that,lest 以免，以防,in case。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A.in case B.in case of C.in order that D.for fear of 2、Ill give you my phone number,so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、结果状语从句 常用 sothat,suchthat They are _ students that they all p
26、erformed well in the nationwide e*aminations.A.so diligent B.such diligent C.so much diligent D.such very diligent 七 主谓一致 考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和 the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。一、名词 physics 物理，maths数学，news新闻，me
27、ans方法，works工厂等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。Every means has been tried.二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A.to remain B.remains C.remain D.is remaining 三、当主语是 a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是 the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数 1、A number of cars _
28、in front of my house.A.was parked B.were parking C.is parking D.are parked 四、当主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接 as well as，along with，together with，including，acpanied by 等短语+名词代词时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。1、John,along with twenty friends,is planning a party.2、No one but Ja
29、ne and Tom was there then.五、当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是 eachand，everyand every，many aand构造时，谓语动词用单数。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.语法“语法词汇习题(一)1.Water is _ short in many big cities
30、.A.running B.flowing C.being D.moving 2.E*cuse me for _ you with such a small matter.A.troubling B.taking C.interrupting D.making 3.This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather.A.let down B.cut off C.taken up D.brought away 4.The market was filled with salted fish,_ the worst smel
31、l that you can imagine.A.sending off B.giving up C.sending down D.giving off 5.It was because the applicant was too proud _ he failed in the interview.A.therefore B.that C.so that D.so 6.Tom used to live in California,_“A.used he B.did he C.was he D.didnt he 7.So far there is no proof _ people from
32、other planets do e*ist.A.which B.how C.what D.that 8.Never before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings.A.man has been B.man is C.has man been D.is man 9._ from the helicopter,the city looks very beautiful.A.Seeing B.Having seen C.Seen D.To see 10.The newspapers reported yesterday sever
33、al _on the boundaries of these two countries.A.incidents B.happenings C.events D.accidents 11.Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments.A.boring B.interesting C.tiring D.unwilling 12.Lets work hard to find _to the problem.A.an answer B.a way C.a method D.a solution 13.They have
34、 developed techniques which are _ to those used in most factories.A.simpler B.better C.superior D.greater 14.At the beginning of this term，our English teacher _a list of books for us to read.A.turned out B.made out C.handed in D.passed on 15.Im sorry I have _dictionary.Youd better go to the library.
35、A.not such B.not such a C.not a such D.no such a 16.If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident,she _in last months marathon race.A.would participate B.might participate C.would have participated D.must participate 17.E*cuse me,but it is time to have your temperature _.A.taking B.take C.taken
36、D.to take.18.Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A.in which B.that C.in that D.which 19.When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game,he _go.A.couldnt help B.cannot do but C.couldnt help but D.just have to 20.I was surprised to find his article on such an _topic so _.A.e*cited;boring
37、B.e*citing;bored C.e*citing;boring D.e*cited;bored 21.Tom likes _foreign coins.A.gathering B.assembling C.collecting D.accumulating 22.Luckily,most sheep _the flood last month.A.endured B.survived C.opinion D.passed 23.They thought about the problem for a long time but came to no _.A.end B.result C.
38、opinion D.conclusion 24.The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A.lies in B.lies on C.lies about D.lies off 25.The story was so funny that everyone _.A.laughed B.interested C.amused D.joked 26.He _me by two games to one.A.beat B.conquered C.gained D.won 27._,the ne*t problem wa
39、s how to make a good plan.A.Having made the decision B.Has the decision been made C.The decision having been made D.The decision has been made 28.The brain is capable of ignoring pain messages if _to concentrate on other activities.A.it allowed B.allowed C.is it allowed D.allowed it 29.The child was
40、 sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station.A.to miss B.having missed C.missing D.to have missed 30.There is no point _with him,since he has already made up his mind.A.argue B.to argue C.in arguing D.of arguing 32._ helping those who are unwilling to help themselves“A.What sense is it about B.
41、Whats the point of C.Whats the sense with D.What point is it in 33.Its almost a year since I left my mother.Im really _ seeing her.A.looking back on B.looking up to C.looking forward to D.looking out over 34.If I found the book,I _ it to you.A.will bring B.would have brought C.would bring D.might ha
42、ve brought 35.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes.A.in that B.in time C.in turn D.in effect 36.The audience is _ at last years concert.A.much more than that B.much larger than that C.much larger than D.large enough than 37.It occurred to her that she might
43、 _ a homeless child.A.adapt B.adopt C.adjust D.admit 38.He works too hard.Thats _ is wrong with him.A.how B.where C.why D.what 39.All _ is peace and progress.A.what is needed B.which is needed C.that is needed D.for our needs 40.People cannot close their eyes to the facts _.A.no longer B.not any lon
44、ger C.any longer D.not longer 语法“语法词汇习题(二)1._ born in China,the boy was brought up in the USA.A.Although B.Since C.As D.When 2._ is known to all,haste makes waste.A.What B.That C.As D.Which 3.That is the very old woman _ house was burned down last night.A.which B.her C.of whom D.whose 4.Hardly had h
45、e finished his speech _ the audience started cheering.A.than B.then C.when D.as soon as 5._ the book,he found out some answers to this question.A.As he reading B.At his reading C.As reading D.On reading 6.The spacecraft will send back _ on surface winds and temperatures.A.many new information B.some
46、 new information C.a new information D.a few new information 7.The reason for my refusal is _ youre unreliable.A.because B.that C.due to D.for 8.He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _ for making money.A.other than B.instead C.apart from D.rather than 9.If you dont mind,I _ do my hom
47、ework than play cards with you.A.had better B.would rather C.prefer D.would like 10.No one,e*cept his two best friends,_ where he is.A.know B.to know C.knows D.knowing 11._,you would have seen your favorite movie star.A.If you arrived earlier B.If you had arrived earlier C.Unless you arrived earlier
48、 D.Unless you had arrived earlier 12.The drivers carelessness _the death of three passengers.A.resulted from B.resulted in C.came across D.came about 13.In England,tea_with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 14.Written in great haste,_.A.the secretary made a lot of mistakes in
49、 the report B.there were a lot of mistakes in the report C.we found a lot of mistakes in the report D.the report was full of mistakes 15.Its suggested that each one of us_the training classes for English.A.takes part in B.take part in C.took part in D.would take part in 16.The only thing _interests
50、me is the progress of my students.A.what B.that C.which D.it 17.People do not realize the importance of good health _ they have lost it.A.until B.when C.since D.as 18.If there were no homework at weekends,students would have _at home.A.the happiest time B.much happiest time C.a more happier time D.a