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1、 1 名词性从句 Noun Clauses 一.基础定义和连接词 1.名词性从句：就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。2.名词性从句包括 4 种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。判断以下从句类型：1）The truth is that I have been there.()2）The fact that she was late surprised us.()3)That he will come is certain.()4)I know that he will c
2、ome.()3.名词性从句的连接词有：从属连词（不做成分）：that（无意义）,whether,if（是否）.连接代词（在从句中做主，宾，表，定）：what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever 连接副词（在从句中做状语）：when,where,how,why 二.名词性从句位置和特点 主语从句：1.可直接放在句首。2.主语较长时通常用 It 作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。1).he knows Japanese is known to all.2).surprised me was to see him here.3)he is
3、coming doesnt matter much.4)It remains a secret they climbed up the mountain.宾语从句：可做动词,介词 和 部分（表情感态度的）形容词词 的宾语。I want to know when we will start.Everything depends on whether we have enough time.1 Im afraid(that)I have made a mistake.注意：如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用 it 作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。常见的可以接 it 形式宾语的动词有：make,think
4、,find,feel,consider 等 He made it clear that he was determined to resign.I thought it strange that he didnt call me.表语从句：1.位于系动词动词之后。常见此类系动词有 be，look，seem,appear 等 It seems that she has known the truth.It looks as if it is going to rain.This school is no longer what it was before.2.主语是 reason 时，表语从句常
5、用 that 引导，不用 because 引导。The reason for his absence was he was ill.3.表语从句可以用 as if,as though,和 because 引导.It seemed as if he had done something great.That is because he has got lost.4.注意下面句型的习惯译法：This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how they won the match.This is why she got up so early this morn
6、ing.同位语从句：1.位于名词之后，通常为含义，概念名词，解释说明它的含义和内容。这样的名词有：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,problem,information,opinion,promise,truth,suggestion 2.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1）从意义上讲前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以修饰和限定。2）同位语从句的引导词不可省略，定语从句的引导词有时可省略。1 3）同位语从句的引导词 that 在从句中不充当任何成分，定语从句的引导词在从句中必须充当一定成分。判断下面从句类型：We were excited
7、 about the news(that)he had told us.()We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.()The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her.()The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.()The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.()The question
8、which he asked remains to be answered.()三.名词性从句的主要考点 1.名词性从句要用陈述语序。尤其是含疑问意义的 wh-类的词引出的从句要倍加注意。.Why was she crying I dont know why he was crying.引导宾语语从句时可省略，引导其他从句一般不可省略。判断 下面那个 that 可以省略 1）I know that he will come soon.2）That they are good at English is known to us all.3）The problem is that we dont
9、have enough money.4）She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.注意 由连词 and 连接的两个由 that 引导的宾语从句中,第二个 that 不省略.He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.和 if 的选择问题 A.whether 能引导所有名词性从句;if 只能引导宾语从句(也可引导不位于句首的主语从句)B.介词后的宾语从句只能用 whether 不能用 if。C.whether 能和 or not 连用，而
10、if 不可以 1 D.whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样；E.whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能。填空 用 whether 和 if 填空 1）I dont know he will come.2）I have not decided to go or not.3）It all depends on they will come back.引导名词性从句时可有两种意义:保持原有的疑问意义，表示“什么”。I dont know what he wants.表示“的东西，.的事情”。Thats what he wants.5.who 引导的名词性从句译为“
11、谁的事”-指事。Whoever 引导的名词性从句译为“任何的人”-指人。翻译句子 .Who will be sent there hasnt been decided.Whoever will be sent there will be paid a lot.6.which 和 what 引导定语从句的区别：Which 有范围，表示一定范围内的“哪一个”What 没有范围，直接翻译成“什么.”.I dont know what you want.There are two books.Can you tell me which you want 7.名词性从句的时态问题 1.当主句的谓语动词是
12、过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：She said that she （do）want to know.她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she （will）agree.我问她是否会同意 2.when,if 引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：1 I dont know when he will come,but when he comes,Ill call you.句中第一个 when 引导的是 从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个 when 引导的是 从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。