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1、1 (每日一练)人教版 2022 年高中英语名词基础知识题库 单选题 1、Laziness is the _ of his failure.AreasonBcauseCexcuseDway 答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:懒惰是他失败的原因。A.reason 原因;B.cause 原因;C.excuse 借口;D.way 方法。reason 说明某种行为或看法的理由,后接介词 for;cause 说明某种事实或现象的原因,后接介词 of。故选 B。2、Many teenagers want to be _like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.Awri
2、tersBengineersCdoctorsDcleaners 答案:C 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A.writers 作家;B.engineers 工程师;C.doctors 医生;D.cleaners 清洁工。根据“like Zhong Nanshan”可知,此处表示想成为医生。故选 C。3、There is no denying that watching this screen _of Norwegian Wood will certainly be a heart-breaking experience.AambitionBadaptati
3、onCexpectationDqualification 答案:B 解析:2 考查名词。句意:不可否认,观看这部改编自挪威森林的电影肯定会是一次令人心碎的经历。A.ambition雄心抱负;B.adaptation 适应,改编;C.expectation 期待;D.qualification 资格。根据句意,watching this screen 和Norwegian Wood可知,此处表达小说的电影“改编”版本,故选 B。4、The _ of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria.AgenerationBstatis
4、ticCnutritionDdiscovery 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:青霉素的发现对对抗细菌很有帮助。A.generation 一代;B.statistic 统计;C.nutrition 营养;D.discovery 发现。根据后文“of penicillin is very helpful in fighting against bacteria”指青霉素的发现,应用 discovery,故选 D。5、Lack of mutual_not only gets in the way of your work,but it can also_your relationships
5、 and your self-esteem.Acomment differBrespect damage Cbenefit destroyDexpectation decorate 答案:B 解析:考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选 B。小提示:6、请选出与单词“
6、symbol”匹配的释义。A相似 B象征 C同义词 D原谅 3 答案:B 解析:考查词汇意思。symbol 意思是象征,故选 B。7、Some of his teammates complained that he showed a lack of _ to the team.AcommitmentBappointmentCengagementDamusement 答案:A 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:他的一些队友抱怨说,他缺乏对集体的奉献。A.commitment 承诺、奉献;B.appointment 约会;C.engagement 订婚;D.amusement 娱乐。此处指队友抱怨他没
7、有为集体奉献服务,commitment 符合句意。故选 A。8、Everyone in the room burst out _ because of Jims funny story.AlaughterBtearsCcryingDlaughing 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为吉姆的有趣的故事,房间里的每个人都笑了。A.laughter 名词,笑声,常用短语 burst into laughter 表示“突然大笑”;B.tears 名词,眼泪;C.crying 名词,哭泣,哭泣声;D.laughing 名词,笑。根据后文“because of Jims funny story”
8、可知每个人都笑了,应用 burst out laughing“突然笑起来”。故选 D。9、Its time for all countries to work together to reduce air _.ArecognitionBreservationCpositionDpollution 答案:D 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A.recognition 认识,识别;B.4 reservation 预定,预约;C.position 位置;D.pollution 污染。根据空前句意可知,空处需用名词 pollution,表示所有国家共同努力减少
9、空气污染。故选 D。10、This information allows businessmen to keep _ of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.AsightBtrackCtouchDsign 答案:B 解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:这些信息通过显示正在出售的商品和商品移动的速度,使商人能够跟踪他们的商品清单。A.sight 视力;B.track 踪迹;C.touch 触碰;D.sign 迹象。根据后文“of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving”可知指跟踪他们的商品清单,应用 keep track of。故选 B。