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1、 Lecture One FIDIC Contract Conditions 1.1 FIDIC FIDIC is short form for Federation International Des Ingenieurs-Conseil in French referring to the International Federation of Consulting Engineer.1.2 FIDIC Contract Conditions FIDIC Contract Conditions issued by the CECC(Civil Engineering Contracts C
2、ommittee)refer to standard conditions of contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction designed for use in international projects.Up to now FIDIC has published four editions of FIDIC Contract Conditions.The First Edition In 1957 the International Federation of Consulting Engineers(FIDIC)publi
3、shed for the first time a form of standard conditions of contract for works of civil engineering construction especially designed for use in international projects.Up to that time there were no editions which had been specifically prepared to govern international contract.The first editions was base
4、d on a form of contract in use in the United Kingdom which was published by the Institution of Civil Engineers(ICE)and thus very much reflect traditions and a legal system that were specifically British.第一讲 FIDIC 合同条件 1.1 FIDIC FIDIC 是法文国际咨询工程师联合会(Federation International des Ingenieurs-Conseils)的缩写
5、形式。1.2 FIDIC 合同条款 所谓 FIDIC 合同条款，就是 FDIC 委员 会制定的国际土木工程施工的合同条件或条款 到目前为止FIDIC出版了四版 FIDIC 合同条件。第一版 1957 年，国际咨询工程师联合会（FIDIC）首次出版了标准的土木工程施工合同条件的格式，专门用于国际工程项目，这就是FIDIC条款第1 版。在此以前还没有专门编制的适用于国际合同的条件。第一版是以当时正在英国使用的合同格式为蓝本，该合同格式是由土木工程师协会出版，而因版本反映出具有英国特色的传统和法律制度。The Second Edition The second edition of FIDIC Co
6、ntract Conditions was issued in 1963,but did a small change to the conditions contained in the first edition.The second edition added a Part III to the first edition.This Part III was drafted to provide particular changes to the General conditions when the document was to be used for dredging and La
7、nd reclamation contracts.The Third Edition A complete revision of FIDIC contract conditions was made in 1977.The third edition of FIDIC contract conditions was published in 1977 and was accompanied by explanatory document entitled Notes on Documents for civil Engineering Contracts.The Fourth Edition
8、 In 1983the Executive committee of FIDIC appointed a drafting committee comprised of members of the civil Engineering contract committee(CECC)to prepare the fourth edition of FIDIC Contract Conditions.With four years hard work,the results of the work of the drafting committee were approved in 1987 a
9、nd the fourth edition of the conditions of contract for works of civil Engineering Construction was published at the Annual conference of FIDIC held in Lausanne,Switzerland in September of 1987.第二版 FIDIC 条件第二版于 1963 年发行，对第一版作了一些小的变动。第二版在第一版的基础上增加了一个第三部分。此第三部分的起草制定主要用于疏竣和填筑合同，同时对通用条件作了一些具体变动。第三版 1977
10、年对FIDIC合同条件作了全面的修订。并于当年出版了 FIDIC 合同条件第三版，同时还出版了一本与此配套的题为“土木工程合同文件注释”的解释性文件。第四版 1983年FIDIC执行委员会任命了一个有土木工程合同委员会（CECC）成员组成的起草委员会，准备第四版。经过四年的艰苦工作，起草委员会工作成果得到了批准与认可，并于 1987 年 9 月在瑞士的洛桑举行的 FIDIC 年会上发行了土木工程合同条件的第四版，即我们平时所称的 FIDIC条款第 4 版。Members of CECC The CECC(civil Engineering contracts committee)compris
11、ed the following 5 members all of whom played an active role in the preparation of the fourth edition,i.e chairman,Messrs.H.Sorensen(Denmark)R.Elsasser(Germany)R.Heins(USA),H.Kristensen(Sweden)and K.B.Norris(U.K).The main responsibility for coordinating the drafting fell upon Messrs.Sorensen,and Nor
12、ris.1.3 Standardization both in Technical and Administrative matters FIDIC Contract documents provide standardization both in technical and administrative matters.The standardization in question is essential for the satisfaction completion of projects of civil engineering construction.There are obvi
13、ous advantages to using detailed contract provisions based upon a standard form of contract which holds a reasonable balance between the requirements and interests of the parties concerned and in particular allocates fairly the risks and responsibilities between the concerned parties.The standardiza
14、tion also can avoid unsatisfactory performance,increased costs and disputes which can arise if the trust that needs to exist between the parties to a construction contract is lacking.土木工程合同委员会成员 土木工程合同委员会由 5 名先生组成：主席：丹麦的 M索伦森先生(M.Sorensen)及四名委员，德国的 R埃尔萨斯先生(R.Elsassen),美国的 R海因斯先生(R.Heins),瑞 典 的 H 克 里
15、 斯 藤 森 先 生(H.Kristensen),和英国的 K.B.诺里斯先生，以上各位在第四版起草工作中都起了积极的作用。13 技术方面和管理方面的标准化 FIDIC 合同条件提供了技术方面和管理方面的标准化。这对圆满完成土木工程项目来是极为重要的。使用合同标准格式详尽的合同条款具有明显的优点。因为标准化可以合理平衡有关各方之间的要求和利益，尤其是能公平地在合同各方之间分配风险和责任。标准化还可以在很大程度上避免履约不不佳，成本增加，以及由于施工合同各方彼此之间缺乏所需要的信任而引起的争端。The use of standard conditions of contract will not
16、 only facilitate the successful completion of a contract but will,in all probability,result in lower tender prices,as tenders will be familiar with the conditions that will apply under the contract.The widespread use of standard conditions of contract also provides a stable basis for training and ed
17、ucating personnel responsible for contract management and avoids their having to work with ever changing contract conditions.14 Differences between the editions of FIDIC Contract Conditions We should say that the Four Edition of FIDIC Contract Conditions is a perfect version.The principal changes fr
18、om the third edition of FIDIC contract conditions are as follows:1）Part II of the contract conditions(Conditions of Particular Application)has been greatly expanded by going from an aide memoire to a fairly comprehensive set of fully developed example clauses.2）Part II has been printed as a separate
19、 volume.This enable Part I(General Conditions)to be attached to the tender documents in their printed form.This provides satisfactory evidence that no changes have been made therein and that whatever changes are required will be effected by an entry in Part II.使用合同标准条件不仅有利于顺利完成合同，而且很可能使合同的投标价格较低。这是因
20、为投标者熟悉合同规定的适用条件。标准合同条件的广泛使用也为培训合同负责管理人员提供了一个稳定的依据，并避免使他们不得不按照不断变化的合同条件去工作。（即：现在他们只要按标准的合同条件行事即可。）1.4 FIDIC 合同条件第四版与前版的不同之处 我们应该说 FIDIC 合同条件第四版是一部较完善的合同条件、条款。FIDIC 合同条件第四版对第三版的修改大致有以下各点：1）合同条件的第二部分（专用条件）已从以前备忘录形式扩展为一整套的完整的示范条款。2）第二部分已单独装订成册，这就能够使合同条件第一部分（通用条件）以固定的形式附在招标文件中，这就提供了令人满意的证据：即对第一部分不作任何改动，如
21、果要求任何改动，则须通过第二部分中某一条款来实现。3）The previous Part III(Dredging and Reclamation Works)has been incorporated into Part II.4)The style of the language and the layout of the clauses has been modernized to some degree but the sequence numbering of the clauses has been preserved.（The above-mentioned principal
22、changes refer to the changes in Editorial）5）The role of the Engineer has been maintained.6)The role of the Employer has been made more visible.Where increases in cost or extensions of time are to be determined by the Engineer,he has an obligation to consult with both the Employer and the Contractor
23、before making his determination.7)Every endeavor has been made to maintain the overall balance of rights and obligations between the two parties to the contract.8)Current practice has been reflected in the new edition.9)Procedures have been set out in greater detail and in an action-orientated ways.
24、10)The conditions cater for a larger degree of Plant.11)Greater recognition has been made of the fact that some design of Permanent Works is,on occasion,made the responsibility of the Contractor.3)以前的第三部分（疏竣和填筑工程）已被编入第二部分。4）语言风格和条款编排在一定程度上做到了现代化，但保留了条款的编码顺序。（以上各点的变动是指在编者方面的变动。）5）保留了工程师（注：国内我们称“监理工程师
25、”）的作用。6）业主的作用规定得更加明显，成本的增加或延长工期由工程师决定，并规定在作决定前，工程师有义务应与业主及承包人协商。7）作最大的努力使合同双方之间的权利和义务达到总体平衡。8）现行实践已体现在新版中。9）所规定的程序更为详尽，做法更为具体。10）合同条件在更大程度上注意了“工程设备”11）进一步认识到有时永久工程的某项设计由承包人负责。1 5 Editorial Amendments in 1988 and Fourth Amendments in 1992 A)Further Amendments in 1988 Following publication of the Four
26、th Edition in 1987 of the Conditions of Contract for Works of civil Engineering construction,a number of editorial amendments were agreed by FIDIC.The amendments in question were incorporated during a 1988 reprinting.Now that we have already had a 1988 reprint version in hand,the list of the differe
27、nces between the 1988 reprint and the original document is omitted here.B)Further Amendments in 1992 The further amendments in 1992 have been made to the 1989 Reprint of the Fourth Edition of the conditions of contract for works of civil Engineering construction.The amendments of the 1988 reprint an
28、d shown on the previous page.In addition,some minor changes in the use of punctuation marks(commas,semicolons,colons and stops),as well as the use of the words“or”and“and”have been introduced to attain uniformity in the style of all clauses.These minor changes which improve the style,but which have
29、no effect on the meaning of clause,have not been listed below.15 1998 年及 1992 年重印本编者订正 A）1988 年重印本编者订正 FIDIC 的土木工程施工合同条件，1987年第 4 版出版以后，许多编者订正得到了FIDIC 的同意。这些编者订正已编入了1988年重印本。B）1992 年进一步订正 下列修正条款是对 FIDIC 的土木工程施工合同条件第 4 版，1988 年重印本的订正。1988 年重印本的修正条款编辑在本页的前一页。此外，还提出了一些细微的修正，如，标点符号上使用的修正。（如逗号、分号、冒号和句号），
30、以及“或”及“和”词的使用修正，以便达到所有条款文体的一致性。这些细微的修正提高了文体，又不影响各条款的含义，并开列如下。Forward The eighth paragraph previously referred to the anticipated publication of the“Guide to the Use of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction.”Page 42 Sub-Clause 1.1,sub-pare(e).Definitions(iii)“interi
31、m Payment Certificate”and(iv)“Final Payment Certificate”have been added.Page 46 Sub-Clause 8.1.Second paragraph has been added.Page 47 Sub-Clause 12.2.Marginal note.The word“Adverse”has been changed to read“Not Foreseeable”(also amended in the contents and the index).Page 48 Sub-Clause 13.1.Last sen
32、tence has been shortened by deleting the words or,subject to the provisions of Clause 2,from the Engineers Representative”,and adding the words“(or his delegate)”.Sub-Clause 15.1,pare1.Last sentence has been shortened by placing a full stop after the word“Engineer”,deleting the words“or subject to t
33、he provisions of Clause 2,the Engineers Representative.”Page 50 Sub-Clause 21.1,sub-pare(a),The words“(the term“cost”in this context shall include profit)”have 前言 第 8 段是指前版提及的期望出版的“FIDIC 的土木工程施工合同条件应用指南”。42 页 第 1.1 款(e)段，定义中增加（iii）“临时支付证书”和(iv)“最终支付证书”。46 页 第 8.1 款中加上第二段。47 页 第 12.2 款，旁注中把“不利的”一词改为“
34、不可能预见”（在目录及索引中也同时修改）48 页 第 13.1 款，最后一句话缩减，删去以下文字“或根据第 2 条的规定，从工程师代表处取得指示”，而加上“可从他的代表处取得指示”。第 15.1 第一段中最后一句缩减，把句号提前到工程师后面，其余的文字“或根据第 2 条的规定接受工程师代表的指示”删去。50 页 第 21.1 款(a)段中加上以下文字“（本文中“成本”应包括利润）”。Page 51 Sub-Clause 21.4,sub-pare(a).The word“where”has been corrected to read“whether”.Page 58 Sub-Clause 2
35、0.3.The word“written”has been deleted at the end of the first line.Page 59 Sub-Clause 42.3.The word“wayleaves”has been changed to read“rights of way”in the text and marginal note(also amended in the Contents and the index).Page 69 Sub-clause 60.1.sub-pare(e).The words“or otherwise”have been added at
36、 the end.Sub-Clause 60.2.The words“certify to the Employer”have been changed to read“deliver to the Employer an Interim Payment Certificate stating”,the word“thereof”has been changed to read“of such statement”and the word“he”has been changed to read“the Engineer”.Sub-pare(b).The words“Interim Certif
37、icates”have been changed to read“Interim Payment Certificates”.Sub-Clause 60.3,sub-pare(b).In the eighth line,the word“ordered”has been changed to read“instructed”.Sub-Clause 60.4.The words“interim certificate”in the first and fourth lines,and the word“certificate”in the second line,have been change
38、d to read“Interim Payment Certificate”.51 页 第 21.4 款(a)段中“在.处”一词修改为“是否”。58 页 第 40.3 款第 1 行的最后的“书面”一词删去。59 页 第 42.3 款在条文及旁注中（同样在目录和索引中）“道路通行权”一词修改为“有权利使用道路”。69 页 第 60.1款(e)段中最后加上“或其它文件的规定”。第 60.2款中“向业主证明”词语修改为以下文字“向业主递交临时支付证书说明.”，另外，文中“他”修改为“工程师”。(b)段中“临时证书”一词修改为“临时支付证书”。第 60.3 款(b)段第 8 行中“已命令的”一词修改为
39、“已指示的”。第60.4款第1行和第4行中“临期证书”，以及第 2 行中“证书”都修改为“临时支付证书”。Page 70 Sub-Clause 60.5.In the second line,after the word“Engineer”,the words“six copies of“have been added.Sub-Clause 60.6.In the second line,after the word“consideration”,the words“six copies of”have been added.Sub-pare(b).The words“or otherwise
40、”have been added at the end.At the end of the sub-clause,the final paragraph has been added.Sub-Clause 60.7 and Sub-Clause 60.8(text and marginal note).The words“Final Certificate”have been changed to read“Final Payment Certificate”(also amended in the Contents and the Index).Sub-Clause 60.8(a).The
41、words“or otherwise”have been added.Sub-clause 60.8(b).The words“under the Contract other than Clause 47”have been changed to read“other then tinder glance 47”.Page 71 Sub-Clause 60.10.In the First and fourth lines,the words“interim certificate”have been changed to read“Interim Payment Certificate”.I
42、n the fifth and sixth lines,the words“Final Certificate”have been changed to read“Final Payment Certificate”.The words“or otherwise”have been added at the end.Page 73 Sub-Clause 65.6.In the ninth line,the words“and to the operation of Clause 67”have been changed to read“and Clause 67”.70 页 第 60.5款第
43、2 行中在“工程师”一词后，加上“6 份复印件”文字。第 60.6 款第 2 行中在“考虑”一词后，加上“6 份复印件”文字。在（b）段句末加上“或其他文件的规定”词语。在本款最后加上一整段。第 60.7 款和 60.8 款中（包括条文和旁注），“最终证书”一词全部修改为“最终支付证书”（目录和索引也同时修改）。第 60.8 款(a)段中加上“或其他文件的规定”，(b)段中“根据合同，除第 47 条外”修改为“除第 47 条规定外”。71 页 第 60.10 款第 1 行和第 4 行中“临时证书”一词修改为“临时支付证书”，第 5 行和第 6 行中“最终证书”修改为“最终支付证书”，“或其他文
44、件的规定”词语加在本款最后。73 页 第 65.6款在第9 行中“和执行第 67 条”词语修改为“和第 67 条”。Page 74 Sub-Clause 66.1.In the second line the word“Party”has been changed to read“or both parties”,in the third line between the words“his”and“contractual”the words“or their”have been added.In the fourth line after the word“then”,the words“t
45、he parties shall be discharged from the Contract,except as to their rights under this Clause and Clause 67 and without prejudice to the rights of either party in respect of any antecedent breach of the Contract,and“have been added.Page 75 Sub-Clause 67.2.The words“arbitration of such dispute shall n
46、ot be commenced unless an attempt has first been made by the parties to settle such dispute amicably”have been changed to read“the parties shall attempt so settle such amicably before the commencement of arbitration.”The words“Whether or not any attempt at amicable settlement thereof has been made“h
47、ave been changed to read“even if no attempt at amicable settlement thereof has been made”.Page 76 Sub-Clause 69.1.Sub-pare.(d).The words“unforeseen reasons,due to economic dislocation”have been changed to read“unforeseen economic reasons”.Sub-Clause 69.4.In the second line of the second paragraph,th
48、e word“cost”has been changed to read“costs”.74 页 第 66.1 款第 2 行中“一方”一词修改为“双方”，第 3 行中“他的”和“合同的”词语中加入“或他们的”一词，第4 行中在“然后”后面加上以下文字：“那么，双方应从合同中解脱，但根据本条款及第 67 条关于他们的权利，以及在任何先前违反合同中不使双方任何一方的权利受损害的除外；以及”。75 页 第 67.2款中“争执双方应首先设法友好解决争端，否则不应对这一争端开始仲裁”这一句修改为以下文字：“争执双方应在仲裁开始前首先设法解决此争端”。另外，“而不管是否已作过友好解决的尝试”此句修改为“即
49、使没有进行友好解决争端的尝试”。76 页 第 69.1 款(d)段中“不可预见的原因”一句修改为“不可预见的经济原因”。第 69.4款第 2 段第 2 行中“费用”一词修改为“各种费用”。Page 78 REFERENCE TO PART 11.In the third line,the words“S.1 part”have been changed to read“5.1(part)”.TENDER Paragraph 1.In the last line,the word“sums”has been changed to read“sum”.Appendix In the ninth l
50、ine,the words“and Plant”have been added.In the twelfth line,the word“Payment”has been added.In the thirteenth line,the words“per annum”have been added.EDITORIAL For page 89,after the words“Sub-Clause 67.1”the first sentence has been inserted.Notes:When the contract is entered into and concluded by t