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1、一一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（简单句（Simple Sentence)2.并列句（并列句（Compound Sentence)3.复合句复合句（Complex Sentence)(1)简单句的五大基本句型：简单句的五大基本句型：主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 主语主语 及物动词宾语及物动词宾语 主语不及物动词状语主语不及物动词状语 主语及物动词间宾直宾主语及物动词间宾直宾 主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补 Her face turned red with anger.You can consider my suggestion.Thi
2、s kind of cloth sells well.He told me a secret.He found the work half done.（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构其结构是：是：简单句简单句+等立连词等立连词+简单句简单句（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为句中的作用，
3、可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句句三类。三类。eg:He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now.Keep on and you will make progress.定语：定语：用于修饰名词或代词用于修饰名词或代词Please show me another ticket.Australia is an English-speaking country.A traveller is a person whothat travels.A clock is a mach
4、ine that tells people time.是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份是一个成份，由一个句子充当某个成份 从句从句：三三.定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引导词引导词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用：引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置引引 导导 词词关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词在在定语从句中作定
5、语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语宾语或主语宾语或主语定语定语时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语在在从从句中句中作宾作宾语可语可省去省去 先行词为先行词为whothatwhomwhichwhose人人物物/人人人人物物某人某人/某物的某物的WhenWherewhy 作用作用例句例句作主语作主语We visited the factory which that makes toys for children.Most managers who that are present at the meeting agreed to the plan.作作宾语宾语T
6、he student whomthatwho you want to see has come.The letter which that I received yesterday was from my father.作作定语定语The girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard.The room whose windows were broken was mine.作状语作状语In 1998,he returned to the small town where he grew up.I still remember the day whe
7、n I met him for the first time.The reason why he missed the speech was that he didnt catch the bus.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词如何区别？关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.The reason _he missed the speech was that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we spent togeth
8、er in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.RememberRemember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键关键要看他们要看他们在从句中作什么在从句中作什么成份成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythatwh
9、ichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1)He still lives in the room _window faces to the south.(2)He still lives in the room _is in the north of the city.whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together.(2)I will never forget the days _we spent together.whenthat 9.(1)The reason _he didnt c
10、ome was that he was ill.(2)The reason _he explained is not true.whythat10.(1)We will meet at the same place_we met last month.(2)We will meet at the same place _we visited last month.wherethat who,that（先行词为人）有区别吗？先行词为人）有区别吗？1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况：(1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。当
11、先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more.2.用用that不用不用who的情况的情况：(1)当先行词既是人又是物。当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个当句子出现一个who等。等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had rem
12、embered there.Who is the man that spoke to you just now?Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.which,thatwhich,that(先行词为物）有区别吗？先行词为物）有区别吗？1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况：(1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等等不定代词不定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。）先行词既是人又是物。（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词）先行词为形容词的
13、最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被）先行词被the very,the only,the last,any,every,who等修饰时等修饰时。All that can be done has been done.He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.This is the very book that I am looking for.Who that has such a home doesnt love it?（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时）关系代词在从句中作表语时China is no longer the co
14、untry that it used to be.This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.只能用只能用which which 的情况的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)The machine,which I have looked after for many years,is still working perfectly.(2)She failed the exam,which made her parents vary angry.(3)He
15、 saw a film,which was about the Long March.(4)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物)Remember:whichRemember:which 在这两种情况下即使在句中作在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。宾语也不能省。介词介词+关系代词关系代词先行词为人先行词为人,关系代词用关系代词用 whom;先行词为物先行词为物,关系代词用关系代词用whic
16、h.关系代词在介词后不能用关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在关系代词也不能省。如介词放在句尾，引导词可用句尾，引导词可用that 或或who,而且可省去。而且可省去。关系代词和关系副词可转换：关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why=介词介词+which1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown.(=why)2.Ill never forget the day_ _ we stayed together.(=when)3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4.The
17、 person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy all that you need.(=where)6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;)for whichon whichfrom whom to whomin whichin which请请讨论讨论：as,which as,which 引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？引导非限制性定语从句有什么不同吗？1.which的先行词
18、可以是名词，的先行词可以是名词，as不可。不可。(1)The meeting,which was held in the park,was a great success.(2)All the books,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.2.which和和as都可都可代替整个句子的意思，但代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不引导的从句不 放句首。放句首。(1)Crusos dog became ill and died,which made him very lonely.(2)As we expect
19、ed,our football team lost the match again.3.as 引导的从句有引导的从句有(正如正如),(就象就象),(由由而知）等含义而知）等含义.1.He is not such a man as only think of himself.2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5.Here
20、is so big a stone as no one can lift.基础巩固基础巩固(Correct mistakes)1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you?2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.3.There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground.4.English is a subject I am interested.5.Can you show me the boo
21、k which have been translated into English by Smith?6.There is not a single person in the street whom I can turn for help.（多词）（多词）（错（错用用引导词）引导词）（漏引导词）（漏引导词）（漏介词）（漏介词）（主谓不一致）（主谓不一致）（漏介词）（漏介词）that/which/who/thatinhasto想一想一想想 理一理理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？学好定语从句最关键的是什么？定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着
22、相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，
23、在从句中担任状语。中担任状语。2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。做做试试：做做试试：1.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.2.In the dark street,there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help.3.Ch
24、ina has a lot of islands,the largest_ _is Taiwan.4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well,_made her very sad.5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls;the rest are boys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom高考题高考题1._is known to everyone,the moon travels round
25、 the round the earth once every month.(NMET2001)A.until B.As C.That D.What2.The film brought the hours back to me _I was taken good care of in that far-away village.NMET2001)A.until B.which C.when D.where3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the others unhappy
26、.(NMET2000)A.who B.which C.this D.what4.Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.(NMET99)A.it B.that C.when D.whichAsCBD5.After living in Paris for fifty years,he returned to the small town _he grew up as a child.(NMET96)A.which B.where C.that D.when6.The weather tu
27、rned to be very good,_was more than we could expect.(NMET94)A.what B.which C.that D.it7.In the dark street,there was not a single person _she could turn for help.(NMET 92)A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom8.He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.(
28、NMET90)A.these B.those C.that D.whichBBDDFill in the blanks with who,whom,which,whose or that.1.A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.2.A nurse is a person_ looks after people who are ill.3.The house_ he is looking for is very expensive.4.He is the person _ I met in the park yesterday.5.She i
29、s the engineer _ work is considered to be the best here.6.I have lost the watch _ my father gave to me two years ago.7.This is the person _ story surprised everybody.8.The person _ design were the best was Mr.King.which/thatwhosewhosewhosewho/thatwhom/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatChoose the best answers
30、to the following questions.1.This is the mountain village_ we visited the other day,A.which B.in which C.where D.when2.A child_ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose D.with3.Do you know the date_ Lincoln was born.A.which B.when C.where D.that4.She thought I was talking about her
31、 daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.A.whom B.where C.which D.while5.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but_ didnt help.A.he B.which C.she D.it6.The gentleman_ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom ACBDDB Goodbye!Goodbye!