《初三英语语法专题讲座之四形容词和副词.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初三英语语法专题讲座之四形容词和副词.doc(28页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、阳光家教网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台初三英语专题讲座之四:形容词和副词一、复习要点阐述形容词和副词,主要复习以下几个方面。A形容词1形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置。2形容词的比较等级的构成。3形容词原级的用法。4形容词比较级的用法。5形容词的最高级的用法。6使用形容词时的易混知识。B副词1副词的用法。2副词的位置。3副词的比较等级的构成及用法。4副词的易混知识。5形容词怎样变成副词。二、要点复习的策略及技巧(一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1形容词作定语,放在名词
2、之前,不定代词之后。e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。2作表语,放在系动词之后。e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。3作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。I find it hard to travel around the
3、big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。4某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。(二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er,-estlongtalllongertallerlon
4、gesttallest不发音的e结尾时加-r,-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原级前加less,leasti
5、mportantusefulless importantless usefulleast importantleast useful不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well(身体好的)betterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)oldolderelder(较年长的)oldesteldest(最年长的)注意:不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。(三)形容词原级用法1说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。e.
6、g.The flowers in the garden are beautiful.这花园里的花很美。2有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。e.g.The boy is too young.这男孩太小了。Math is very difficult.数学很难。3表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。(1)肯定句中的结构:“A+as+形容词原级+as+B”e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。(
7、2)否定句中的结构:“A+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”e.g.This book isnt as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。(3)表示“A是B的倍”时,用“A+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times)e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。(四
8、)形容词比较级用法1表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。e.g.Li Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than
9、that in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷。2有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。3表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时,用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。e.g.Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛哪
10、一个高一些?Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?哪一件毛衣更漂亮,黄色还是粉红色的?4表示“几倍于”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。e.g.I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。5表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。6表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more
11、 and more+形容词原级”。e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。7表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。e.g.The more we get together, the happier well be.我们越是在一起,就越开心。(五)形容词最高级用法1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范
12、围。e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?哪个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州?3表示“最的之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。e
13、.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最”。e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。5形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。Yesterday was his busiest day.昨天是他最忙的一天。6形容词比较级
14、结构可以表示最高级含义。e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是班上最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。(六)使用形容词时易混知识1-ing形容词和-ed形容词-
15、ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的This is a surprising story.I am surprised at the news.interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news?We are excited about the traveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快
16、、满意的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with our performance.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的This is a frightening story.We are frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的The speech is very tiring.Are you ti
17、red of it?fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!Many boys are fascinated by computer games.表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物。表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构。We are all interested in the interesting story.2比较的对象不能相互包容牢记下列结构:比较级+than+any other+单数名词all (the) other+复数名词any one/anybody e
18、lseany of the other+复数名词the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词注意:在同一范围内进行比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。e.g.China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较)China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(不同范围内,可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)3在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“notas/so+形容词原级+as”结构
19、外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。e.g.I am not as careful as Lily. 我没有Lily仔细。=I am less careful than Lily.4许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词,但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词。friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的,孤单的)lovely(可爱的,有趣的)likely(有希望的)daily(日常的)lively(有生气的,活泼的)上面我们复习了形容词,下面我们复习副词,副词分为“时间副词,如yesterday(昨天);地点副词,如inside(在里面);方式副词,如quickly(快地);程度
20、副词,如very(很);疑问副词,如when(什么时候);关系副词,如why(为什么)。关系副词用来引导定语从句。有些知识如时间、地点,是非常明显的东西,只需要提一下。今天我们主要复习以下几个方面:副词用法(一)副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。1作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。e.g.Please listen to me carefully. 请你认真地听我讲。The boy is too young. 这男孩太小了。Luckily, he was not badly hurt. 幸运地,他伤得不是太重。2作表语,表示方
21、位上的变化。e.g.My father will be back in a week. 我父亲一周后回来。3作宾语补足语。e.g.Let him in, please. 请让他进来。(二)副词的位置1一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词带有宾语,副词则放在宾语后面。e.g.We all study hard. 我们努力学习。He is drawing a horse carefully. 他在认真地画一匹马。2频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。e.g.He is always late for school. 他总是上学迟到。I often go to s
22、ee my grandparents on Sunday. 我经常星期天去看望祖父母。3某些副词是为了强调上下句的衔接,放在句子之前。e.g.Suddenly he had a good idea. 突然他想出了一个办法。4enough修饰形容词和副词时,要放在所修饰词之后。e.g.The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子够大了能去上学。He got up early enough to catch up the train. 他起得足够早能赶上火车。(三)副词比较等级用法1副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。刚才我们已经
23、讲过。2在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“notas/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。e.g.Bill didnt do his homework as carefully as Jim. Bill做作业没有Jim认真。=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.3副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。e.g.Lin Tao did best in English of all. 林涛是所有人中英语最好的。4副词比较级不规则变化表原级比较级最高级well(好地)betterb
24、estbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest(四)副词易混知识清单1how long,how soon,how oftenhow long“多久,多长时间”,是对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+段时间”和“since+点时间”回答。how soon“多快,多久以后”,是对一个短暂性动词提问,用于一般将来时句子中,常用“in+段时间”回答。how often“多长时间一次”,对频度提问,常用“once,twice,three times a week”等回答。how far“多远”
25、,对距离提问。e.g.How long have you lived in Beijing? 你住在北京多久了?For ten year.十年了。How soon will your father come back? 你父亲多久以后回来?He will come back in a week. 他一周后回来。How often do you play football? 你多长时间踢一回足球?Once a week. 周一次。How far is it from here to your home? 这离你家有多远?Only 200 meters away. 只有200米远。2hard/ha
26、rdlyhard“努力地,辛苦地”;“剧烈地,猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly“几乎不”,是否定副词。e.g.We should study hard as students. 作为学生,我们应该努力学习。I can hardly catch up with you, can you walk slowly?我几乎赶不上你了,你能走慢一点吗?3much too/too muchmuch too“非常,极其,太”much和too都是副词,much修饰too,用以加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级。too much“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语
27、气,too much修饰不可数名词。与too many相对,但too many修饰可数名词。e.g.The skirt is much too dear. 这裙子太贵了。Please dont eat too much ice-cream, its bad for your health.不要吃太多的冷激凌,它对身体不好。There are too many people in the supermarket. 超市里人太多了。4too/also/eithertoo一般不用于否定句,常放在句尾。also用于肯定句和疑问句,常放在be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。either用于否定句,常放在
28、句尾。e.g.You are a student, I am a student, too. 你是学生,我也是学生。They are also students. 他们也是学生。I dont like the film, either. 我也不喜欢这部电影。5too, enough, sotoo“太,很”,用于“tooto”结构,表示否定意义“太而不能”。enough“足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构,表示“足够能”。so“如此”,用于“sothat”结构,表示“如此以致”。e.g.The man is too old to look after himself. 这人
29、年纪太大了不能照顾自己。The boy runs fast enough to win the game. 这男孩跑得足够快能赢。The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it. 照相机太贵了,我买不起。6already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。e.g.I have already finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。 Have you finished your homework yet?你完成了你的家庭作业吗?I havent had lunch yet. 我还没有吃午餐
30、呢。(五)形容词怎样变成副词一般说来形容词就是形容词,副词就是副词,但也有很多形容词可以加ly来构成副词。heavyheavily loudloudly carefulcarefully clearclearlybeautifulbeautifully happyhappily truetruly luckluckilyquickquicklybadbadly同学们特别要注意副词修饰行为动词这一点。如:He is very (careful). He does everything (carefully)第一句中是作表语,用adj. careful;第二句中修饰行为动词does用adv. ca
31、refully.hard 努力hardly 几乎不 late迟的,晚的lately 近来deep 深deeply 深深地 near靠近nearly 差不多wide 宽widely 广泛地high高的highly 高度地close 靠近的closely 密切地free免费的freely 自由地二、典例剖析例1(2006广东中考题)She played the piano _ than we had thought.AsuccessfulBsuccessfully Cmore successfulDmore successfully解题技巧:此题考查两点,一是此处用形容词还是副词,第二用原级还是比
32、较级,首先根据“than”得知要用比较级,排除A、C答案;由于句子中的谓语动词played是行为动词,所以确定要用副词。本题的意思是“他弹钢琴比我们原来想的要成功得多”。答案:D例2(2006云南中考题)Tom studies _ but his sister _ studies.Ahard,hardBhardly,hardly Chard,hardlyDhardly,hard解题技巧:此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别,通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly,事实上hard既是adj.又是adv.,而hardly是另外一个adv.,中文是“几乎不”。hard作为adv.时,通常
33、在修饰的动词之后,而hardly通常在动词之前,译这句中文“Tom学习努力,而他的妹妹则几乎不学习。”同根副词意义有别的。答案:C例3(2008天津市中考题)What do you think of the football match?Wonderful. They have played _.AbestBbetter CworseDworst解题技巧:这题设置的陷阱是出题人把一个关键的提示词than before省略了。要求同学们仔细地阅读这段小对话,根据中文“你认为这场足球赛怎么样?很精彩,他们踢得好多了(比以前)。”排除C、D答案。答案:B形容词和副词冲刺练习1He is slow i
34、n studying. I wonder how he could get good results in the exam.No wonder he is always _.AlivelyBhard-working Ckind-heartedDhelpful2It has a strange smell in your room. Youd better keep the window _.Aopen Bopens CclosesDclosed3What does your cousin look like now?Oh, he is much _ than before.AstrongBs
35、tronger CstrongestDtoo strong4Will you please speak _? Im afraid I cant follow you.AloudlyBpleasantly CslowlyDeasily5Whos _ basketball player in China now? It is Yao Ming?No. Its Sun Mingming.AtallBtaller Cthe tallest Dthe taller6The busier he is, the _ he feels.AhappilyBhappy ChappierDmore happy7Am
36、y makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework _.Amore carefullyBmore carelessly Cmore carefulDmore careless8Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.Asome good pieces of news Bsome pieces of good newsCsome good piece of news Dsome piece of good news9Do you believe some special dogs can do things
37、 _ man?Aas good asBas well as Cas soon asDas careful as10I dont like this kind of TV shows because theyre _?AboringBwonderful CinterestingDbeautiful11In winter the day is _ than it is in summer.Ashort Bshorter CshortestDthe shortest12The old man is looking at his granddaughter _. He has not seen her
38、 for a long time.AhappyBhappily Chappier Dthe happiest13Mary felt ill on Monday, and _ the following day, so she went to see a doctor.Abadly Bworse CworstDmore ill14The fish smells _. You mustnt eat it.AniceBheavy Cquick Dterrible15It is _ to work out this problem. You neednt ask the teacher.Aenough
39、 easyBeasily enough Ceasy enough Dvery easily16Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _ cities in the world.Athe biggestBbigger Cmuch biggerDbig17Dont worry. Your grandma will get _.Awell and wellBbetter and better Cwell and betterDgood and well18Do you like the two skirts?The yellow one is good,
40、but the green one looks _.AnicerBnice Cbest Dgood19_ you work, _ you will do.AHarder;betterBThe harder;the worse CHardest;bestDThe harder;the better20Though he has studied _ at maths for months, he can still _ make progress.Ahard;hardBhardly;hardly Chard;hardlyDhardly;hard1B题意:“他在学习中反应很慢。我想知道他是如何在考试
41、中取得好成绩的。”“怪不得他总是很刻苦呢。”hard-working意为“刻苦的”。lively意为“活泼的”,kind-hearted意为“好心的”,helpful意为“有帮助的”。根据题意知,答案选B。2A题意:你的房间里有股怪味儿。你最好开着窗户。选项应为形容词作补语,表示状态。keepopen意为“让开着”。B、C两项都是动词的第三人称单数形式;closed意为“关着的”,与题意不符。3B题意:“现在你表弟看起来怎么样?”“噢,他比以前强壮多了。”由句中的than判断用比较级形式。4C题意:你能说慢点吗?我恐怕跟不上你。由题意可知应是让说话人说慢一些,slowly意为“慢地”,符合题意
42、。loudly意为“大声地”;pleasantly意为“愉快地”;easily意为“容易地”。5C题意:“谁是中国现在最高的篮球运动员?是姚明吗?”“不,是孙明明。”由句中表示比较范围的地点状语in China判断,形容词用最高级。6C题意:他越忙越感到高兴。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越越”的意思。所以应选形容词的比较级,happy的比较级要变y为i加er。7A题意:艾米比弗兰克犯的错误少。她做家庭作业更细心。由前一句可推知艾米做作业更细心,故排除B、D两项。修饰动词do应用副词,因此答案选A。8A题意:史密斯先生总有一些好消息告诉我们。在“a piece/pair of+名词”
43、结构中,形容词多置于piece或pair之前。表示复数概念时,要在piece/pair后加s。9B题意:你是否相信有一些特种狗可以像人一样做好一些事情。asas表示原级比较;修饰动词应用副词,故排除A、D两项。soon表示“很快”,与题意不符。10A题意:我不喜欢这类电视节目,因为它们很无聊。boring意为“无聊的”,符合题意。wonderful意为“极好的”;interesting意为“有趣的”;beautiful意为“美丽的”。11B题意:冬天的白天要比夏天的白天短。由than可知应用比较级形式,故答案选B。12B题意:这位老人高兴地看着他的孙女,他已经好几个月没有见到她了。此题中没有比
44、较的含义,所以用副词happily的原形修饰谓语动词。13B题意:玛丽周一病倒了,第二天更严重了,所以她去看了医生。此处将星期二和星期一的情况进行比较,根据题意用bad的比较级形式worse。14D题意:这条鱼闻上去变质了。你不要再吃了。terrible意为“糟糕的,差劲的”。nice意为“好的,令人愉快的”;heavy意为“重的”;quickly意为“快速的”。15C题意:做出这个题很容易。你不必问老师。enough作副词修饰其他副词或形容词时,要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。16A题意:北京,中国的首都,是世界上最大的城市之一。比较的范围是全世界的城市,故用形容词的最高级形式。17B题意:不要担心,你奶奶的身体会越来越好的。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。在这里better是well的比较级,well作形容词时表示身