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1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非谓语动词非谓语动词 1.动词不定式动词不定式(to+动词原形动词原形):各种形式各种形式:主动主动 被动被动一般式一般式 _ _进行式进行式 _ _完成式完成式 _ _完成进行式完成进行式 _ _to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been doingto doto have been done(未发生未发生)(正进行正进行)(已发生已发生)(过去已开始过去已开始,还在进行还在进行)I have a lot of work to do.（将来）（将来）To learn English well,you must practis
2、e more.（目的）（目的）I like dancing,but I dont like to dance today.（某一次具体的动作）（某一次具体的动作）先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult.2 His wish is to be a driver.3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5I have nothing to say.6They went to see their aun
3、t.7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next.9I heard them make a noise.掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1“to”是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。agree to object to close to,come to,lead to,refer to,equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be used to,look forward to2 带to 还是不带toI have no
4、choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom.（但是：He was seen to enter the classroom.）3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作作为标记的。但是有时用为标记的。但是有时用of.Its necessary for you to study hard.Its foolish of him to do it.与与of 连用的形容词有：连用的形容词有：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,righ
5、t,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possible4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is i
6、mportant.而说We think it important to obey the laws.I have no chair to sit on.I have a lot of clothes to wash.to be washed.the food to live _the bus to come here _the pen to write _the room to live _the knife to cut _the person to write _ononwithinwithabout不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上必须具备以下条件之一：辑上必须具备
7、以下条件之一：1.主谓关系主谓关系2.动（介）宾关系动（介）宾关系3.说明所说明所修饰词修饰词的内容的内容多为抽象名词或序数词多为抽象名词或序数词分析下列句子分析下列句子主谓主谓动宾动宾说明内容说明内容主主 动动被被 动动一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done语态语态时态时态动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态动名词的特点：动名词的特点：His hobby is painting.Im proud of being a Chinese.习惯习惯抽象抽象Learning English is very difficult.学英
8、学英语语非常困非常困难难。His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开他的工作是开车车。I enjoy dancing.我喜我喜欢欢跳舞。跳舞。I have got used to living in the country.我已我已经习惯经习惯了住了住农农村。村。Take some sleeping tablets,and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠吃点安眠药药，你很快就会入睡。你很快就会入睡。2Its no use talking with him.Its no good speaking to them like that.3There
9、s some difficulty(in)doing 在此句型中在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下可以由以下单词单词替替换换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,a good time,a hard time3 动名名词的的逻辑主主语：动名名词的的逻辑主主语为代代词或名或名词的所有格的所有格形式。形式。例如例如：His coming made us very happy.4 动名名词主主动形式表被形式表被动的情况的情况：need doing,want doing,require doing例如例如：This room needs painting.这这个个房房间
10、间需要粉刷。需要粉刷。1下列下列动词后跟不定式与跟后跟不定式与跟动名名词作作宾语意意义有区有区别，forget to do 忘忘记记要做某事要做某事forget doing 忘忘记记做了某事做了某事remember to do记记住要做某事住要做某事remember doing 记记着做了某事着做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事有意要做某事mean doing 意味着做了某事意味着做了某事regret to do 对对要做的事表示后悔要做的事表示后悔regret doing 对对做做过过去的事后悔去的事后悔cant help to do不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事cant help d
11、oing 情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事try to do 尽力去做某事尽力去做某事try doing 试试着做某事着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做停下来去做（另一件事另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事go on to do 接着做接着做（另外一件事另外一件事）go on doing 继续继续做某事做某事used to do 过过去做某事去做某事be used to doing 习惯习惯做某事做某事有些动词只能接动词的动名词形式动名词形式作宾语,如:appreciate,avoi
12、d,consider(考虑),enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,suggest(建议)还有些短语动词以一介词介词结尾,也只能接动名词作宾语(尤其是介词to易出错):如:depend on,insist on,feel like,be used to(习惯于),look forward to,devote to,pay attention to.1 The story is interesting.Im interested in it.这这个故事有个故事有兴兴趣趣，我我对这个故事感个故事感兴趣。趣。2.This is a moving f
13、ilm.这这是一部是一部动动人的人的电电影。影。3.The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.秘秘书书工作到深夜工作到深夜，为主席准主席准备一篇一篇长篇演篇演讲稿。稿。4.Given more time,Ill do it well.如果如果给给我多一点我多一点时间时间，我会做的更好。我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street,he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank
14、.当他后街当他后街时时，看到小看到小偷正从正从银行行偷钱。ParticipleParticipleParticipleParticiple被动、完成、被动、完成、感到感到的的主动、进行、主动、进行、令人令人的的donedoingThe swimming boy is Tom.(主动、进行）主动、进行）the room facing south（主动）（主动）The film is disappointing.（令人（令人的的)I have a radio made in China.（被动）（被动）Look at the broken glass.（被动、完成）（被动、完成）The excit
15、ed people shouted and cheered.（感到（感到的）的）1现在分在分词与与过去分去分词的区的区别Do you know the woman talking to Tom?=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.=The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a
16、developed country.3现在分在分词、动名名词 现在在进行行时的区的区别The situation in our country is encouraging.(表表语语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现现在在进进行行时时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动动名名词词)能回答能回答how-question 的是的是现现在分在分词词，能回答能回答what-question 的的动动名名词词，即不能回答即不能回答how-question 也不能回答也不能
17、回答what-question 的是的是现现在在进进行行时时。例如例如：How is the situation in our country?It is encouraging.What is your job?My job is looking after the little baby.主主 动动被被 动动一般一般式式doingbeing done完成完成式式having donehaving been done语态语态时态时态现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态：现在分词的时态和语态：Having been to the Great Wall many time
18、s,he didnt go there yesterday.分词的动作发生在谓语动词分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前的动作之前Not having received his fathers letter,he decided to make a call to him.因为没收到他父亲的来信，因为没收到他父亲的来信，他决定给他打个电话。他决定给他打个电话。The building being built is our new library.Not having been finished,the book cant be returnedat present.注意：注意：现在分在分词作状作状语的几个特性。的几个特性。时间性性。与。与谓语动词同同时发生，用一般生，用一般时，如，如发生在生在谓语动作之前作之前时则用完成式用完成式having done。语态性性。与句子的主。与句子的主语之之间的关系，是主的关系，是主谓关关系或系或动宾关系。关系。人称一致性人称一致性。分。分词的的逻辑主主语就是句子的就是句子的主主语。(1).过去分词的语法形式过过去分去分去分去分词词无人称和数的无人称和数的变化化,也没有也没有时态和和语态的的变化。化。(done)(2)、过去分词的句法功能具有形容具有形容词和副和副词的特征的特征,可充当成分可充当成分:表表语 定定语,宾语补足足语,状状语