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1、定语从句 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定不定式式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man running on the playground was a doctor.在英语中，在复合句中修饰名词名词或代词代词的用作定语的句子句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was running on the playground was a doctor.1.定语从句的概念定语从句的概念2
2、.定语从句的构成要素定语从句的构成要素先行词先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）引导词：引导词：关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词注意注意:从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系关系eg:This is the factory where he works.3.引导词引导词关系词的分类关系词的分类关系代关系代/副词副词指代指代意思意思成分成分who人人此人此人主语主语/宾语宾语whom人人此人此人宾语宾语whose人人/物物此人此人/物的物的定语定语that人人/物物此人此人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语which事事/物物此物此物主语主语
3、/宾语宾语/表语表语when时间时间(物物)在此时在此时状语状语where地点地点(物物)在此地在此地状语状语why原因原因(物物)因为此因为此状语状语1.The man is a farmer.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子:The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary
4、 is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时当先行词是物时,用用which 或或that引导引导.These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时,用用who,whom,whose,that引导引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.The man who is speaking a
5、t the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I kno
6、w the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.4.定语从句的考查方向定语从句的考查方向:引导词的考查引导词的考查理解掌握几个区分理解掌握几个区分:区分区分that 和和which区分区分as和和which 区分定语从句和状语从句区分定语从句和状语从句 区分定语从句和名词性从句区分定语从句和名词性从句 区分定语从句
7、和强调句型区分定语从句和强调句型先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰。等词修饰。1.下面情况只用下面情况只用that不用不用which和和whom:I watched all the glasses were on the table fall off the table.The parks are the clearest parks you can imagine Corn was not the only food was taken to Europe They talked about things and persons t
8、hey remembered.Who is the person you just talked with?The village is no longer the one it was 5 years ago.There are many apples are very delicious.that that先行词为先行词为much,little,none,someone,something等不定代词。等不定代词。先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。that that 先行词既有人也有物。先行词既有人也有物。that以以who/which开头的疑问句。开头的疑
9、问句。that 先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。that在在there be 句型中，指物只用句型中，指物只用that。that 和和which 的区别的区别12.下面情况不用下面情况不用that:This is the book about we are talking now Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,his parents expect.Whats that is flying in the sky?which介词后面：介词后面：which非限性定语从句中：非限性定语从
10、句中：当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that时：时：whichthat和和which的区别的区别2which和和as的区别的区别1.Tom has made much progress,_makes me very happy.3._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.4._ I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.5.He married Mary,we expected.6.He married Ma
11、ry,we didnt expected.7.Lets read such books will make them better.8.He will give you such information will help you.AsAsasasaswhichwhich as 和和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而引导的定语从句可置于句首，而w
12、hich不可。不可。as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为译为“正如，正像正如，正像”；而；而which常译为常译为“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事”在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词被在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词被as,so,the same,such 修饰时，关系代词常用修饰时，关系代词常用as总结：总结：which和和as的区别的区别介词关系代词介词关系代词which/whom1.He built a telescope he could study the skies.2.The glasses,Ill be blind,is lo
13、st.3.Ill never forget the day I joined the army.4.Do you know the man you just shook hands?5.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.6.He washed ten windows,_hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.through whichwithout whichon whichwith whomto whommost of which1.He wa
14、s late again,_case he was blamed.2.He stayed in London for ten years,_ time he picked up some French.比较：1.He was late again,and in that case he2.He stayed in London for ten years,and during that time he in which during which1.Do you still remember the days _ we spent in Qingdao?2.Do you still rememb
15、er the days _ we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?用that,when,why,where,which填空1.I want to know the date,_you were born.2.I have forgotten the date _ you told me.3.Do you know the reason _ he is absent today?4.That is the reason_I want to know.5.This is the factory _ his father works.6.This is th
16、e factory _ his father built.that/whichwhenwhenthat/whichwhywhich/thatwherethat/which1.We have found a way _ is useful.2.The way _ he explained to us was quite simple.3.The way _ he explained the sentences to us was not difficult.4.It is a job _ you can find something interesting and significant.5.S
17、he often has no such occasion _ she can spare some time for his children.6.We have reached a point _ we should make an immediate decision for it.7.People often meet such cases _ they have no idea what to do.that/which/不填that/in which/不填that/whichwherewhenwherewhere1.(2008,山东)Occasions are quite rare
18、 _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A.who B.which C.why D.when2.(2007,陕西)Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A.which B.as C.why D.where3.(2009,浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which
19、 B.where C.how D.why4.(2009,福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A.That B.when C.which D.where DDBD温馨提示：定语从句中通常爱出现的及物和不及物动词有：定语从句中通常爱出现的及物和不及物动词有：vt:give;visit;spend;explain;tell;take;buy;use;make;build;have;get;devote;enjoyvi:work;live;stay;study;remain;sit;lie;stand;exist;go;come定语从句做题三大步骤：定语从句做题三大步骤：1.分析句子结构，找出主句和从句；2.找出先行词（即被修饰的词）；3.分析从句，缺什么就补什么。