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1、专题四专题四 数词数词基数词基数词first,second,thirdone,two,three序数词序数词数词的种类数词的种类一、序数词的用法一、序数词的用法:序数词前用序数词前用theYou are the first to come here.二、基数词的读法二、基数词的读法:10,000,000,000thousandmillionbillion 100 1,000 1,000,0001,000,000,000one hundredone thousandone millionone billion1,000,258,895One billion,two hundred and fif
2、ty-eight thousand,eight hundred and ninety-five三、时间的表达法三、时间的表达法:1.时刻时刻:半点半点:7:30 半点之前半点之前:7:15 半点之后半点之后:7:44half past sevenfifteen past sevena quarter past sevensixteen to eight2.年月日年月日:月日年月日年:1984年年9月月1日日写法：写法：Sept.1st,1984读法：读法：September the first,19843.年代年代:在在19世纪六十年代世纪六十年代写法写法:in 1860s读法读法:in th
3、e eighteen,sixties4.世纪世纪:在在19世纪世纪in the nineteenth century2个世纪个世纪two centuries in 1860s四、分数的表达四、分数的表达:2分子用分子用基数基数词表达词表达two thirds分子是二以上，分母的序数词用复述分子是二以上，分母的序数词用复述3分母用分母用序数序数词表达词表达45a halffour fifthsone second特殊用法1.hundred,thousand,million,billion用法用法（1）前有确切数词时，不用复数也不能用）前有确切数词时，不用复数也不能用oftwo hundred s
4、tudents（2）前没有确切数词时，用复数和）前没有确切数词时，用复数和ofhundreds of students成千上百的学生成千上百的学生2.score 的用法 (1)score意为意为“二十二十”，与具体数词连用，与具体数词连用，用单数，如：用单数，如：a score of people 20个人 two score of chairs 40把椅子 (2)与与of连用，要用复数，如：连用，要用复数，如：scores of times 许多次 scores of programmes 几十个节目(2)做量词与具体数词连用，要用单数做量词与具体数词连用，要用单数 two dozen bo
5、xes 两打盒子两打盒子 several dozen pencils 几打铅笔几打铅笔 (3)量词与量词与of连用，要用复数形式连用，要用复数形式 dozens of students 几十个学生 3.dozen 的用法的用法 (1)dozen 意为意为“十二个，一打十二个，一打”a dozen eggs 十二个鸡蛋十二个鸡蛋Test1.Many of _ friends British people make at school remain _ friends for life,so it is true that schooldays are“the best of life”.2.I
6、dont think the experiment is _ failure,because it has provided with_ valuable experience for our future test.3.The guard caught him by_ arm.4.-Really?Who will give_ lecture?-Professor Chen,_ president of Beijing University.5._ president of America is Obama.Theres once a king who offered _prize to _a
7、rtist who would paint _best picture of peace.Many artists tried.The king looked at all_ pictures.But there were only two he really liked,and he had to choose one between them.One picture was of a clam lake.The lake was_ perfect mirror for peaceful towering mountains all around it.Overhead was a blue
8、 sky with fluffy white clouds.All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains,too.But these were rugged and bare.Above was _angry sky,from which rain fell and in which lightning played.Down _ side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾)a foaming（水泡）waterfa
9、ll.This did not look peacefull at all.1 234 5 67But when the king looked closed,he saw behind _ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock.In the bush_ mother bird had built her nest.There,in the midst of the rush of angry water,sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.Which pictur
10、e do you think won the prize?The king chose _ second picture.Do you know why?Because explained the king,“peace doesnt mean to be in a place where theres no noise,trouble or hard work.Peace means to be in the midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart.That is the real meaning of the pe
11、ace.8 910Exercises for Test1.Many of _ friends British people make at school remain _ friends for life,so it is true that schooldays are“the best of life”.2.I dont think the experiment is _ failure,because it has provided with_ valuable experience for our future test.3.The guard caught him by_ arm.4
12、.-Really?Who will give_ lecture?-Professor Chen,_ president of Beijing University.5._ president of America is Obama.theathetheThetheTheres once a king who offered _prize to _artist who would paint _best picture of peace.Many artists tried.The king looked at all_ pictures.But there were only two he r
13、eally liked,and he had to choose one between them.One picture was of a clam lake.The lake was_ perfect mirror for peaceful towering mountains all around it.Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds.All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had m
14、ountains,too.But these were rugged and bare.Above was _angry sky,from which rain fell and in which lightning played.Down _ side of the mountain tumbled(翻腾)a foaming（水泡）waterfall.This did not look peacefull at all.a thethe the a antheBut when the king looked closed,he saw behind _ waterfall a tiny bu
15、sh growing in a crack in the rock.In the bush_ mother bird had built her nest.There,in the midst of the rush of angry water,sat the mother bird on her nest-in perfect peace.Which picture do you think won the prize?The king chose _ second picture.Do you know why?Because explained the king,“peace does
16、nt mean to be in a place where theres no noise,trouble or hard work.Peace means to be in the midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart.That is the real meaning of the peace.the a the 专题三:主谓一致1.语法一致2.意义一致3.邻近一致主谓一致1.语法一致的原则1.语法一致的原则（1）名词或代词，动词不定式短语，动名词，从句作主语时，主语为单数时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语
17、用复数.1.He _(go)to school early every morning.2.The children_(be)playing outside.3.To work hard _(be)necessary for a student.goesareis（2）由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：The poet and writer _come.(have)Both he and I _ right.(be)hasare(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,eve
18、ry修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。1)Every boy and every girl _the right to receive education.(have)2)Each man and each woman_ asked to help.hasis（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面but,except,besides,with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数.1.The teacher with his students _ going to visit the museum.(be)2.Nobody but two boys _late for class.3.Bread with but
19、ter _a daily food in the west.iswasis（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如 people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。1)A lot of people _ dancing outside.2)The police _ looking for lost boy.areare（6）由each,some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。_ everybody ready?(be)Somebody _using the phone.(be)IsisMy new pair of socks
20、_ on the bed.(be)Where _ my shoes?I cant find them.(be)（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。areis如果名词前用了a pair of 等，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。2.意义一致的原则(1).表示算式时，谓语用单、复数形式都行。Two and two _ four.二加二等于四。makes(make)（2）有些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员,
21、则用复数。1)My family _ big one.(be)2)My family_ watching TV.(be)isare例如(be)（3）疑问代词作主语时，1)Who _ your brother?(be)2)What _ your names?(be)主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数,主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数.isare（4）“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数.如果它表示单数的概念时谓语动词用单数.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人被治愈,失踪的人被找到了。One m
22、an was killed in the traffic accident,the dead is a boss.在这次交通事故中,有一个人丧生,死者是个老板。（5）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等 的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：1)Twenty years _ not a long time.(be)2)Ten dollars _ too dear.(be)isisTEST1.Three years _(have)passed since they met last time,and for them,three years_(be)really a long time.2.My f
23、amily _(be)the largest one in our village.Besides,my family _(be)all party members.3.To learn one or two foreign languages _(be)very important nowadays.4.The old _(be)respected in our country.hasisisareisare5.Alice，together with her friends，_(be)punished for having broken the school rules.6.I,who _
24、your friend,will try my best to help you.7.The scientist and engineer _(have)invented a new machine.isishas2)All of the people _ gone.1)All of the work _ been finished.(be)（6）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，hashave如果代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如果代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；（7）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后
25、面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。1)35 per cent of the doctors _ women.2)Three fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.areis（8）half,the rest 作主语时，如果所指为复数意义.动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。1)I have finished some of the homework,the rest _ more difficult.2)Only ten students attended the class because all the
26、 rest _ sick.iswere 3.邻近一致的原则 3.邻近一致的原则（1）由连词or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，与最靠近它的主语一致。1)Either you or I _ right.(be)2)Neither the children nor the teacher _ anything about it.am knows（2）在“There be”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一 致。1)There _ two apples and one egg in it.2)There _one
27、egg and two apples in it.areis 2010年高考链接1.(2010高高 考考 英英 语语 四四 川川 卷卷,15)Such poets as Shakespeare widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understandAare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：are【答案答案】A【解解析析】考考查查主主谓谓一一致致。主主句句中中的的主主语语应应为为poets,谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数，其其后后的的非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句的的主主语语应应为为some of whose
28、works，谓谓语语动动词也应是复数。故选词也应是复数。故选A。2.(2010高高考考英英语语陕陕西西卷卷,24)It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.A.are being built B.were being built C.was being built D.is being built【答案答案】D【解解析析】考考查查时时态态和和主主谓谓一一致致。从从时时间间状状语语at present可可判判断断出出用用现现在在时时，“many a+单单数数可可数名词数名词”虽然表示复数意思，但要用单
29、数谓语。虽然表示复数意思，但要用单数谓语。3.(2010高考英语江苏卷高考英语江苏卷,33)-Is everyone here?-Not yetLook,there_ the rest of our guests!A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming【答案答案】A【解解析析】考考查查动动词词的的时时态态和和主主谓谓一一致致。空空处处所所在在句句子子为为倒倒装装句句，the rest of our guests作作主主语语，谓谓语语动动词词要要用用复复数数形形式式；此此处处叙叙述述的的又又是是现现在在的的事事实实，所所以以用用一一般般现现在在时时。com
30、e用用于于进进行行时时通通常常用用来来表表示示按按照照计计划划或或安排将要发生的动作，因此安排将要发生的动作，因此D项不恰当。项不恰当。4.(2010高高考考英英语语湖湖南南卷卷,33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have【答案答案】C【解解析析】考考察察主主谓谓一一致致和和时时态态。根根据据动动名名词词短短语语作作主主语语，句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式，由由此此排排除除BD，根根据据主主语语与与caused
31、的的主主动动关关系系，排排除除A，选，选C。高考链接高考链接1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;hasC.number;have D.quantity;have 精析精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，后面要接复数名词，所以所以A不能作为答案因为不能作为答案因为desert是单数，所是单数，所以要填以要填 has这句话的意思是这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了
32、陆地结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”.答案答案 B2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000)A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,areC.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用 is covered.答案C.3-Each of the students,working
33、hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.-So do I.（全国（全国1998）A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hope精析：精析：这句话的主语是这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分选作谓语。现在分词短语词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了当成了主语，填写了hope，发生，发生了
34、错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。4._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millionsC.Several millions D.Many million精析：精析：在在Million前如果有具体的数字或前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。等词时，要用单数形式。Many一般不与一般不与 million等词连用
35、，表示等词连用，表示“数百数百万万”，英语为，英语为 millions of。这句话的意。这句话的意思是思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。传递信息。”答案答案 A。Exercises:1Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityAisBareCamDbe2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteran
36、otherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome7Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis。AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown8Theteac
37、heraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading9Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled10.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be11.A library with five thousand books _tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB
38、.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were14.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartin
39、dailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play15._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are16Noonebutherparents_it.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing17.Theresultsoftheexamination_thatyouhaveallmadegreat_.A.show;progressB
40、.shows;progressC.show;progressesD.shows;progresses18.Here_anewpairofshoesforyou.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasThenecklaceThestoryhappenedinParis.Oneday,Pierretogetherwithhiswife,Mathilde_invitedtoaballatthepalace.Bothofthem_verygladtoaccepttheinvitation.Notonlyanewdressbutalsosomejewellery_needed.Butthefamily
41、_notarichone,theyonlycouldoffertobuyadress.Soadiamondnecklace_borrowedfromMathildesfriendJeanne.Butneitherofthem_toldthatthenecklace_notarealFill in the blanks with the proper verbs:waswerewaswaswaswaswasdiamondone.Theywenttotheball,andthey_bothhappy.Ontheirwayhome,Mathildefoundthenecklace_nomorearo
42、undherneck.Theylookedeverywhereforit,buttheycouldntfindit.It_lost.Alotofmoney_borrowed,andanewdiamondnecklace_bought.Topayoffthedebts,thecouplehadtoworkdayandnight.Tenyears_alongtime,butatlasttheypaidoffalltheirdebts.WhenMathildemetJeanneinthepark,she_toldthefact.ThenecklacesheborrowedfromJeanne_onlyworth500francs.werewaswaswaswaswaswaswas