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1、2012届高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编精品讲义主谓一致1. Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. (2011湖南卷26) A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is【解析】选A。分数及百分比后接名词的谓语动词由名词的单复数来决定。名词为单数谓语动词就用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数。a/the majority of(大多数)后接复数谓语动词用复数。2. The factory used 65 pe
2、rcent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽卷27) A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】选D。the rest of n.后的谓语动词单复数由名词单复数而定。此句中which指代raw materials(原材料)。根据前后句的时态一致性可知要用一般过去时。进行含义。 考点1.代词作主语Nothing but stamps and envelopes _ for sale. A. are B. is C. are left D. remain 【解
3、析】选B。nothing 作主语表单数概念，谓语动词用单数。but后的名词不影响谓语动词的单复数。主谓一致的原则：形式一致；内容一致；就近一致。1. 由each, either, neither, one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, no one, nothing等指代单数名词的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 2主语是who, what, which, all, more, most
4、, some, any, none, the rest等时，谓语动词的形式须依据具体情况而定。 3. such, the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指定的内容来决定单复数。考点2.名词作主语Apples of this kind _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 【解析】选B。n. of this kind后的谓语动词由名词单复数来定。sell well 畅销，用主动表被动。1. 主语是board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, c
5、ommittee, enemy, government, party等名词，如果作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为其中一个一个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。2. 主语是时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，不论它们是单数还是复数，谓语动词一般用单数形式。3. 主语是news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics等名词时，谓语动词常用单数形式。4. 主语若是书名、剧名、报纸杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。5. 主语是clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers
6、, scissors, shoes, gloves等名词时，谓语动词常用复数形式。6. 主语是kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of+名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity的数而确定。7. 主语是the number of +名词复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。但主语是a number of +名词复数时，谓语动词却用复数形式。8. population作主语时，谓语一般用单数；但其前有(百)分数时，谓语一般用复数。9. 主语是 means, works(工厂), sheep, f
7、ish, Japanese, Chinese等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。考点3.两个或两个以上的名词连在一起作主语 No bird and no beast _ on the lonely island. A. are seen B. is seen C. see D. sees【解析】选 B。 no A and no B 后谓语动词用单数。1. 用and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： To play football and to go swimming are useful for charactertraining. 但是如果并列主语指的是同一个人，
8、同一事物或同一概念时，如bread and butter; soda and water; coffee and water; aim and end; salt and water等，谓语动词用单数形式。 如When and where to go for the onsalary holiday hasnt been decided yet. 2. the+n1+and+n2指同一个人，如the writer and painter, 谓语动词用单数形式。 3. and所连接的两个名词前分别有every, each, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。4. 主语是连接词o
9、r, eitheror， neithernor， whetheror， not but， not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须与最接近的名词或代词保持一致。 5. 主语是“A+ with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / but / including / plus / besides / in addition to+B”结构时，谓语须与A保持一致。6. more than one+名词单数；a+名词单数+or two等作句子的主语时，谓语动词用
10、单数形式。 考点4. “the+形容词或分词”作主语The wounded _ been carried to hospital already.A. is B. are C. has D. have【解析】选D。“the+分词”指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。1. “the+形容词或分词”指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 2. “the+形容词或分词”指抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。考点5.句子、短语作主语Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is
11、 C. being D. to be【解析】选B。 1. 主语是不定式或动名词时，谓语动词常用单数形式。2. 主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但在“主语+系动词+表语”结构中，如果是what从句作主语，其谓语的单复数取决于后面的表语。3. 在强调句型“It +be +被强调部分+ that/who ”中， be总是用单数形式；that/who 后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。 4. 定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词保持一致。 Barbara is the only one of the athletes who _ a winner of the 100metre ra
12、ce in our town since 1998. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【解析】选D。 当one 之前有the 或the only/very/just时，定语从句则是修饰the (only/very/just) one 的，谓语动词用单数。此题中后有时间状语since 1998，故用现在完成时。温馨提示：在“one of +名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数形式，但当one前面有the (only)修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般是用单数形式。 5. 当There / Here be后有几个主语时， be与邻近的主语保
13、持一致。2012届高考英语语法专题复习讲义荟萃主谓一致 1. I who _ your English teacher will do my best to help you with your study. Aam Bis Care Dbe2. Either the Greek or the Australian _ the boxing competition. Ahave won Bhas won Care won Dis won3. As the saying goes， “No news _ good news.” Aare Bis Chas Dbe4. Paper money _
14、for over a thousand years. Ahave been used Bhas been used Care used Dis using 8. The singer and dancer _ come to the party tonight. Ais to Bare to Care going to Dwas to9. The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world. Aare Bis Chave Dhas 10. The atmosphere is as much a
15、 part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans. Ahas Bdo Cis Dare11. He was very angry，because everyone except him_ invited to the party. Awere Bwas Cis Dare12. Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A.are Bis Chave Dbe 17. A nice
16、gift，with many flowers _ to me by my students on Teachers Day. Ais sent Bhas sent Chas been sent Dwas sent18. I hoped that somebody _ going to offer me a lift home. Ais Bare Cwere Dwas19. I have finished a large part of the novel written by Dickens，the rest of which _ very difficult. Ais Bare Cwas D
17、were 20. The United States _ founded in 1776. Awere Bare Cis Dwas参考答案1. A定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。先行词是I，因此定语从句的谓语动词用am。2. B并列主语用eitheror, neithernor, notbut, 或 not onlybut also连接时，谓语动词的单复数由邻近主语决定，在此句中由the Australian决定。the Australian 指某个人，因此谓语用单数。3. B句意为“正如谚语所说，没有消息，就是好消息”，因news为不可数名词，表示单数意义，所以答案为B。4.
18、Bmoney 为不可数名词，因此谓语用单数，又由“foryears”可知用完成式，所以选B。5. B第一个all指人，谓语动词用复数；第二个all指事情，谓语动词用单数。6. A集体名词，如people, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 但有些集体名词，如furniture, jewelry等作主语时，谓语用单数。7. B当quantities修饰名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。句意：大量的新鲜水果和蔬菜从我国船运到全世界。8. Athe singer and dancer指一个人所兼的两个称谓，因此谓语动词用单数。9. B当population单独作主语时谓语动词用单数；若前面有具体数词
19、修饰时谓语动词用复数。如：Eighty percent of the population of this country are farmers.这个国家百分之八十的人口是农民。10. D此处soil and water是主语，故用are。11. B句意：他很生气，因为除他以外的所有人都被邀请参加那次聚会。当主语后面带有except等词时，谓语动词与主语一致，everyone作主语时谓语动词用单数。12. B考查就近原则，真正的主语是one of your students，故用is。13. A当数词表示重量等的名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。14. C分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词必须与分数或
20、百分数后面的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致。15. Bthe number of复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单数，意为“的数量”。16. Dall, most, half, the rest作主语时，谓语动词的数由它们代表的名词决定，若代表可数名词，谓语用复数；否则用单数。17. D当主语后面带有with等词语时谓语动词与主语在人称和数上一致，句子的主语是a nice gift，故谓语动词用单数。由句中的时间状语可知应用一般过去时，故答案为D。18. Dsomebody为单数，因此谓语用单数。19. Athe rest指代不可数名词或单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。20. DStates虽然是复数形式，然而the United States指一个国家，因此谓语用单数。