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1、四级作文起:起:起动观点,开篇点题 常用词或词组:nfirst,firstly;firstofall;firstandforemostninthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;nforonething,foranother;ontheonehand,ontheotherhand;natpresent,recently,lately,now;ntobeginwith常用句型:nNowadays,thereisagrowingconcernovertheissueofnRecently,theissueofhasbeenbroughttopublicattention.n
2、Whenitcomesto,peoplesattentionmayvaryfromonetoanother.nWhenaskedabout.,differentpeoplewillholddifferentopinions.nWiththedevelopmentof,theproblemofhasbecomeincreasinglyserious.nNowadays,playsanincreasinglyimportantroleinoureverydaylife.承:承:观点的承接,即正面论证n常用词或词组:nbesides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,w
3、hatsmore;nthelastbutnottheleast,lastbutnotleast;nmoreimportantly,evenworse;natthesametime,meanwhile常用句型:nTounderstandthepointof,itisnecessarytodiscuss/analyzenThereisnodenyingthatnItisreportedthatnAclosestudyofwillprobablymakethispointclear.nWemustrecognizethatnSomepeopleholdtheviewthatwhileotherpeo
4、plearguethat转:转:观点的转折,即反面论证n基础不很好的同学,仅使用正面论证即可;基础较好的同学,如果要得高分,需要使用反面论证;尽量使用其他人可能不怎么用的,但最好是你确实背过的句子常用词或词组:nnevertheless,yet,still,whereas=while;ninstead,incontrast,bycomparison,bycontrast,incomparison,onthecontrary,conversely;nunfortunately合:合:文章结尾,合并归纳。常用词或词组:nthus,hence,accordingly,therefore;ninbri
5、ef,inshort,inconclusion,insummary,ingeneral,asaresult,asaconsequence,consequently,tosumup,generallyspeaking,brieflyspeaking,onthewhole,eventually,asfarasIcansee;nitgoeswithoutsayingthat;常用句型:nOnthebasisoftheanalysesabove,wemayconfidentlycometoaconclusionthatnFromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafely
6、concludethatnJudgingfromalltheevidenceoffered,wemayarriveataconclusionthatnThereisacertaintruthinbotharguments,butIbelievethatadvantagesofoutweighitsdisadvantages.nItshightime(是该做某事的时候了)thatwetriedeverymeanstoputanendtonItisobviousthateffectivemeasuresmustbeimmediatelytakentosolvetheproblem.学习方法:学习方
7、法:70%实力实力+30%技巧技巧1.写作相对是个技巧性比较差的板块,短期内想大幅提高比较难。2.英语基础较差的同学:简单原则,安全第一。n用词用句尽量用简单的。与其写一个错误的复杂句,不如写一个正确的简单句。n减少错误。只要错误不是太严重,取得及格分基本没有什么问题。3.英语基础较好的同学:句子结构、用词应丰富多变。4.四级作文最好写三段。积累写作词汇积累写作词汇n事实上,每个考生都掌握了大量的词汇。但由于平时使用得较少,使很多词汇处于“休眠状态”。n四级写作并非要求考生使用生僻词汇,不要千篇一律地使用“Ithink,或“Thisisaseriousproblem”的语句,会令阅卷老师产生心
8、理疲倦,这样的作文自然很难得到高分。n在平时的学习中,考生要熟记一些能让作文“生辉”的词汇,避免反复使用同一词汇和表达方式。词语搭配学习知识:obtain/acquireknowledgelearnknowledge(错误)根据他的意见:inhisopinionaccordingtohisopinion(错误)价格太贵:ThepriceistoohighThepriceistooexpensive(错误)我们赢了你们队:WehavebeatenyourteamWehavewonyourteam(错误)他的耳朵聋了:HeisdeafHisearsaredeaf(错误)在考场使用的高分词汇:(1)
9、beimportant-beofimportancebeofsignificance【原句】TheInternetis very importanttous【修改】TheInternetisof great importancetousTheInternetisof great significancetous(2)Itisimportantthat-Itisessentialvitalthat【原句】It is important thatwerecognizethesituationinthisnewera(时代)【修改】It is essentialvital thatwerecogni
10、zethesituationinthisnewera.(3)beseriousbeofconsequence【原句】Thismatterisveryserious【修改】Thismatter is of great consequence(4)moreandmore+adj-increasingly+adj,【原句】TheInternetisbecomemore and more popularamongyoungpeople.【修改】TheInternetisbecomingincreasingly popularamongyoungpeople.(5)moreandmore+sb.sth.
11、-thereisanincreasingnumberofsb.sth.doing【原句】Nowadays,more and more womenchoosetogoouttowork.【修改】Nowadays,an increasing number of womenchoosetogoouttowork.(6)many+sb.-themajorityofquiteafew+sbmany+sth.-agreatmany+sth./aseaof+sth【原句】Manyparentsthinkthemobilephonewillhelpthemtomaintaincontactwiththeirc
12、hildren【修改】Quite a fewparentsthinkthemobilephonewillhelpthemtomaintaincontactwiththeirchildren【修改】The majority ofparentsthinkthemobilephonewillhelpthemtomaintaincontractwiththeirchildren【原句】Therealemanyreasonsbehindit【修改】Thereisa sea ofreasonsbehindit.(7)InfactAsamatteroffact/Inreality/Virtually(spe
13、aking)/Practically【原句】In fact,eitherofthechoiceshasadvantagesanddisadvantages【修改】As a matter of facteitherofthechoiceshasadvantagesanddisadvantages【修改】In reality,eitherofthechoiceshasadvantagesanddisadvantages【修改】Virtuallyeitherofthechoiceshasadvantagesanddisadvantages【修改】Practically(speaking),eithe
14、rofthechoiceshasadvantagesanddisadvantages(8)andaswellas(and前后连接并列名词时,可考虑此用法)【原句】Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantages【修改】Thereareadvantages as well asdisadvantages(9)discuss-debatebeofcontroversy【原句】Thisissuehasbeenwidelydiscussed【修改】Thisissuehasbeenwidelydebated【修改】Thisissuehasbeen ofgreatcontroversy
15、(10)get-obtainacquire【原句】Thosewhostudyabroadwanttogetknowledge【修改】Thosewhostudyabroadwanttoobtainacquireknowledge(11)wanttodosth-intendtodosthdesiretodosth【原句】Somestudentswant toworkinaforeignenterpriseaftergraduation【修改】Somestudentsintend toworkinaforeignenterpriseaftergraduation【修改】Somestudentsdes
16、ire toworkinaforeignenterpriseaftergraduation(12)faceconfront【原句】Younggraduatesarefacedwithcountlessproblemstoday【修改】Younggraduatesareconfrontedwithcountlessproblemstoday(13)thinkthatbelieveholdmaintain【原句】Somepeoplethinkonlineeducationisanewapproachtolearning【修改】Somepeoplehold thatonlineeducationis
17、anewapproachtolearning【修改】SomepeoplemaintainthatonlineeducationisanewapproachtolearningnSomepeoplethinkafterawomanhasgotmarried,sheshouldgiveupherjob,butthereareotherpeoplewhothinkthatwomenshouldworkoutsidetomaintaintheireconomicindependence.Theythinkinthisway避免重复避免重复英文的写作习惯是尽量避免词汇重复:在需要重复表达同一事物或概念时
18、,尽量用同义词或其它指代方法进行替代。【修改】Somepeoplebelieveafterawomanhasgomarried,sheshouldgiveupherjob,butthereareotherpeoplewhoholdtheopinionthatwomenshouldworkoutsidetomaintaintheireconomicindependenceTheythinkinthisway1将简单句变为从句【原句】ThiscakeisdeliciousIlikeitverymuchIwanttobuysomeformyparents2将多个简单句变为:(形容词、分词短语)+主句
19、【原文】Thatday,IspentthewholemorningwithmyteacherinhisofficeWediscussedaprojectwhichwewouldconductthenextsemester句子层面多样化【修改】Thiscakeisdelicious,soIlikeitverymuchandIwanttobuysomeformyparents【修改】Thatday,Ispentthewholemorningwithmyprofessorinhisoffice,discussingaprojecttobeconductedthenextsemester3将并列句变为
20、主从句或主从结构【原文】Themanhasshownquitestrongabilityinleadershipandhewillsoonbepromoted*根据自己的英语水平,选择句子结构【修改】Havingshownquitestrongabilityinleadership,themanwillsoonbepromoten近年四级写作试题主要分为四种文体。一、议论文一、议论文二、说明文二、说明文三、记叙文三、记叙文四、应用文四、应用文n议论文用以陈述各种理由,与说明文有所不同。n说明文着重于客观陈述,而议论文着重于发表自己的主观看法;说明文着重于解释,而议论文着重于“劝说”。这种劝说要
21、依靠推理和论证来阐述自己的观点,力图说服读者,使人相信某种道理或某种假设。n所以,议论文要观点明确,不要空洞或泛泛而谈;论据充分、有力,论证严密。n近年来,议论文命题出现频率较高。一、议论文一、议论文议论文类型n原因分析型n对比选择型n观点论证型n说明利弊型n问题解决型原因分析型nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDueAttentionshouldbeGiventoSpelling?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcomp
22、ositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种现象的原因是3.为了改变这种状况,我认为原因分析型n写作模式第一段描述现象第二段解释这种现象产生或存在的原因第三段提出解决问题的建议或总结观点原因分析型:高分模版Nowadays/Recently,_.Asaresult/Thus,_Therearevariousreasonsaccounting/responsiblefor_.Foronething,_.Foranother,_.Inadditionto,_.AsfarasIamconcerned,_.Onth
23、eonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Inaword,_.开门见山,描述现象说明该现象造成的结果或影响承上启下,表明产生上述现象原因是多方面的-具体分析产生上述现象的各种原因提出解决问题的方法得出结论,总结全文作文练习nForthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFoodContaminationYoushouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.最近常有食品安全问
24、题出现2.食品安全问题危害很大3.你认为应该如何解决该问题对比选择型2008年6月nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicRecreationalActivities?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益,也可能带来危害3.作为大学生,我认为对比选择型n写作模式第一段提出要讨论的主题,说明人们对此看
25、法不一第二段分别论述人们对此事物或现象的看法及原因第三段表明自己的观点并给出理由对比选择型:高分模版Inrecentyears,whenitcomesto_.peoplesopinionsvaryfrompersontopersonsomepeoplebelieve/think_mainlybecause_.However,otherpeoplearguethat_.Firstofall,_.second,_.Inaddition,_.AsfarasIamconcerned,Igivemysupportto_.ononehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_提出要讨论的主题点明存在的不
26、同观点指出一些人的看法及原因转折,引出另一些人的看法-分析另一些人的原因表明作者的观点分析支持作者观点的理由观点论证型2009年12月nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCreatingaGreenCampus?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.建设绿色校园十分重要2.绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境.3.为了建设绿色校园,我们应该观点论证
27、型n写作模式第一段引出话题,表明观点第二段给出论据,解释观点第三段提出建议或重申观点观点论证型:高分模版Duringrecentyears,_hasarousedwidely/considerablypublicattention.Undoubtedly,/Thereisnodoubtthat_.Asweallknow,_playsanimportantrolein_.Foronething,_.Foranother,_.Meanwhile,_.Consideringtheabovesituation,measuresshouldbetakento_.Firstofall/Inthefirst
28、place,_.Furthermore,_.Onlyinthiswaycanwe_开门见山引出话题肯定该事物存在的意义,表明自己的观点承接上文,叙述该事物的重要性-例举论证,证明观点承接前文,提出自己的建议指出应该采取的措施强调观点,总结全文说明利弊型nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicFreeAdmissionstoMuseums?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveni
29、nChinese)below:1.越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是.2.有人认为这样做会带来一些问题3.在我看来说明利弊型2009年6月n写作模式第一段说明某现象或事物带来的好处/弊端第二段说明该现象或事物可能会带来的问题/利益第三段阐述自己的看法或建议说明利弊型:高分模版Nowadays/Recently,_.Bydoingso,it/theycanhelp_and_.However,somepeoplebelieve/viewthat_.Foronething,_.Foranother,_.Inaddition,_.AsfarasIamconcerned,_.Thereasonl
30、iesinthefactthat_.whatsmore/Moreover,_.Ihope/expecttosee_.开门见山引出话题说明该事物带来的好处转折后,说明带来的弊端-具体说明其弊端所在提出自己的观点分点论述作者的观点提出希望,总结全文问题解决型2010.12nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowshouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourco
31、mpositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该问题解决型n写作模式第一段描述现象,提出问题第二段分析问题可能产生的后果第三段提出解决问题的方法或建议问题解决型:高分模版Nowadays/Inrecentyears,_becomesmoreandmoreofaproblemin_.Whatsworse,_.Itisnotusualtowitnessthat_.Consequently,_.whatsworse,_.Therefore,itishightimethatwetookactionsto_.
32、Inmyopinion,ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_.Inaddition,_.Onlythroughthesewayscanwe_引入话题指出该现象存在的问题用实例证明这已成为普遍的社会问题-分析这一问题带来的后果乘上启下,说明解决该问题的必要性具体阐述解决问题的方法总结全文,倒装句强调采取这些方法的重要性n1999年6月四级作文:议论文写作:读书是否应该有选择性去读nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectively
33、OrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法当年发生的大事nDirections:(2003年9月)1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是TheDayMyClassmateFellIll(orGotInjured)nLimiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag(
34、2008年年12月)月)1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义二、说明文二、说明文n说明文,顾名思义,常用于说明事实、情况和传达信息。写作目的重在解释、说明。【例6】2001年1月大学英语四级考试作文题:How to Succeed in a Job Interview?1面试在求职过程中的作用。2取得面试因素:仪表,举止谈吐,能力,专业知识,自信,实事求是n需要注意,四级作文往往不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的混合体。如(2008.6)RecreationalActivities1)娱乐活动多种多样;(说明文)2)娱乐活动可以使人们受益,也可能带来危害;
35、(议论文)3)作为大学生,我认为(议论文)n总体来讲,本文属于权衡利弊型的议论文。n认真的分析,又如“说明文”部分所列出的真题,大多都属于议论性说明文。所以比较难界定四级题目到底哪个是议论文,那个是说明文,所以将上面两类合并为“论说文论说文”。nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIt Pays to Be Honest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.当前社会上存
36、在许多不诚实的现象2.诚实利人利已,做人应该诚实2003年1月三、记叙文三、记叙文n记叙文,即叙述一个事件,totellastory。较少考。【例4】2003年6月大学英语四级考试作文题:An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点:1.车祸发生的时间及地点。2.你所见到的车祸情况。3.你对车祸原因的分析。四、应用文四、应用文(Practical Writing)n通知(通知(announcement)(06-08年:年:2考考)n口头作文口头作文n书信作文书信作文n海报海报n简
37、历简历通知(announcement)n2006年6月英语四级作文Anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram1:校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动,现招聘志愿者2:本次志愿者活动目的内容及安排3:报名条件和联系方式n2007年6月四级作文题目申请加入一个社团AnannouncementtowelcomestudentstojointoaclubWelcometoourclub1、本社团的主要活动内容2、参加本社团的好处3、如何加入本社团口头作文口头作文【例7】2004年6月大学英语四级考试作文试题:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30
38、minutestowriteacompositionentitledA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothefollowingguidelines:nYourrole:atourguidenYouraudience:agroupofforeigntouristsnYourintroductionshouldincludethefollowing:somewelcomingwordsthescheduleforthedayadescriptionofthepla
39、cethetouristswillbevisiting(egascenicspotorahistoricalsite,etc)nYoushouldmaketheintroductioninterestingandthearrangementsforthedaycleartoeverybody2005年年1月月 nDirections:ACampaignSpeech1、你认为自己具备是什么条件(能力,性格,爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作?2、如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么?书信作文书信作文【例8】2001年6月大学英语四级作文试题:AlettertoaSchoolmateSupposeyouare
40、ZhangYing要求:WritealettertoXiaoWang,aschoolmateofyourswhoisgoingtovisityouduringtheweeklongholiday1表示欢迎。2提出对度假安排的建议。3提醒应注意的事项。nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.Youshouldwriteatleast1
41、20words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。January12th,2002DearMr.President,2002年1月海报海报【例9】2006年6月大学英语四级考试作文试题:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaposterrecruitingvolunteers.Youshouldwriteatleas
42、t120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动,现招募志愿者。2本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等。3报名条件及联系方式。图表作文:2002年6月nDirections:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Student Use of Computers.Youshouldwriteatleast150words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebel
43、ow:1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间:1990年(2hours)、1995年(4hours)、2002年(14hours),请描述其变化;2.请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明);3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。简历nDirections:Write of resume of yourself of no less than 120 words.In it,you should write:1、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标,、说明姓名、地址、联系方式、求职目标,2、教育背景、工作经历、资历,教育背景、工作经历、资历,3、所获奖励、特长,以及个人资料。、所获奖励、特长,以及个人资料。