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1、1.to do 2.-ing 3.done2015届高考英语非谓语动词届高考英语非谓语动词语法专项精讲精练课件语法专项精讲精练课件1.God helps those who help themselves.简单句？复合句？简单句？复合句？who help themselves含有从句含有从句-复合句复合句2.She is always ready to help others.只有一套主谓结构只有一套主谓结构-简单句简单句使用条件使用条件一个简单句一个简单句中，已经存在一个中，已经存在一个主谓主谓结构结构（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连又没有连词词的情的情况下况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的
2、动词出现时,这些动这些动词就充当了词就充当了非谓语动词非谓语动词.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的1.Tom returned from the managers office,2.telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2.Everything taken into consideration,they ought to have another chance3.To live is to struggle.找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a
3、nounas adj.or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词 的分类的分类下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤2.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词题的做题技巧非谓语动词题的做题技巧一一.非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤谓非谓，谓非谓，找主语，找主语，定语态定语态定时态定时态 1.(walk)along the street one day,she saw a little girl (run)up to her.2.She is reading
4、a book (find)on the way.3.Most of the artists (invite)to the party were from South Africa.Walking runningfoundinvited步骤步骤：谓非谓，找主语，定语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，定语态，定时态非谓语动词的句法作用非非谓语谓语动词动词主主语语宾语宾语表表语语定定语语宾补宾补状状语语不定式不定式动动名名词词现现在分在分词词过过去分去分词词二二.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.When ask
5、ed why he went there，he said he was sent there to _ (train)for a space flight.【解析解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，另外，由于的，所以要用不定式，另外，由于“他他”与与“训练训练”为被动关系为被动关系 be trained2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.To make3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment
6、，not _（move)，and asked myself what I was going to do.【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持时持续了一会儿，故用续了一会儿，故用-ing。原则二原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.-ing.moving4.He sat _ (listen)to her _(climb)the stairs.【解析】【解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的，所发出的，所以用以用-ing作伴随状语；作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带后跟
7、不带to的不定式的不定式/-ing作宾补作宾补。listen to do/doing listeningclimb用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.She wrote to the editor,_that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3.The secretary worked late into night ,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._
8、warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,ing形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的而作目的状语的to do的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生生,前面不能用逗号。前面不能用逗号。原则三：原则三：用作结果状语时，可用用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原则区别或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用是，一
9、般用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_(let)in the natural light during the day.【解析【解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如：如：It rained heavily，causing severe floodi
10、ng in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。letting6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ (reach)a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.reaching 8.He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell)that all the tickets had been sold out.7.He hurried to the station only
11、_(find)that the train had left.【解析】【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。to findto be told 原则四原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had
12、 to struggle (hear).【解析】根据句意，此处指的是【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，动式，另外，由于另外，由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式。故用不定式。to be heard10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ (open and close)could be heard outside the classroom.【解析】【解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间之间
13、存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing的被动式表的被动式表正在被正在被进行的动作。进行的动作。ofbeing opened and closed11.When she came in,she was surprised to find a stranger _(seat)at the back of the classroom with his eyes _(fix)upon her.a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat do
14、wnfix ones eyes uponseatedfixed原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致与主句主语保持一致.12._(face)with a bill for$10,000，John has taken an extra job.(be)faced withFaced13.While _ (watch)television，we heard the doorbell ring.watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可
15、用不定式的完成式用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式to have done to have done 或或inging的完成式的完成式 having done having done）14._(separate)from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.【解析】因为【解析】因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词
16、发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成被动的完成被动式作原因状语。式作原因状语。hasHaving been separatedfor15.The manager，_(make)it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.【解析】因为【解析】因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，是主动关系，且且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成的完成式作状语，式作状语，having made.相当于相当于 who had made.的
17、意思。的意思。lefthaving made原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式用不定式to do，表示动作，表示动作尚未尚未发生发生;用用-ing，表示动作，表示动作正在正在进行进行;用过去分词用过去分词-ed，表示动作被动、，表示动作被动、完成完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ (hold)the day after tomorrow.18.There are hundreds of visitors _ (wait)in f
18、ront of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.to be heldwaiting19.“Things _（lose)never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.20.The last one _ (arrive)pays the meal.Agreed!ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原
19、则上要用不定式作定语。You are the second to make that mistake.你是第二个犯这错误的人。你是第二个犯这错误的人。lostto arrive原则一：用作目的状语，原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原
20、则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,-ing/to do,原则区别是：原则区别是：-ing-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，表示一定逻辑的结果，to do to do 表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果。原则四原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing的被动形式。的被
21、动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。1：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式：用作目的状语，
22、原则上要用不定式(to do)2 2：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词(v-ing)3：用作结果状语时，可用分词：用作结果状语时，可用分词(v-ing)或不定式或不定式(to do)4 4：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词(v-ed)。5：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句 主语保持一致主语保持一致 6 6：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式式7：用于名词后作：用于名词后作定语定语时，原则是：用
23、不定式，表示动作时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚尚未未发生发生;用用-ing，表示动作，表示动作正在正在进行进行;用过去分词，表示用过去分词，表示动作动作已经已经发生，同时表示发生，同时表示被动被动意义意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则Thank you!A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration
24、,they ought to have another chance.（四）（四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _ now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _ last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C _B_D二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三
25、三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态PracticeChallenge yourself!1.A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A.leave B.leaving C.to be leaving D.to be left2.We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A.not to eat B.not eating C.to eat
26、not D.eating not3._ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you!A.Getting;done B.Get;done C.To get;to do D.Getting;to do5.When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes
27、 a big difference.A.have B.having C.and have D.and having6.A few days after the interview，I received a letter _ me the job.A.offered B.offering C.to be offering D.having offered7.The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard.A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed8.He was always the first _ and
28、the last _ the office.A.to come，to leave B.coming，leaving C.to come，left D.coming，left9.Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day，but I dont know who she is.A.to marry B.to have married C.to be marrying D.being married10.With everything she needed_,she left the shop.A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be boughtThank you!