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1、本科毕业论文文献综述外文文献翻译学 院： 管理学院 专 业： 物流管理 班 级： 物流061班 学 号： 3 学生姓名： 陈雯 指导教师： 雷德宇 2010年 3 月 30日目 录1、Literature Research22、外文文献翻译51、Literature ResearchAbout logistics, Caplice and Chris. Wood in the paper talk many views follow :Logistics Management has four major characteristics ： (1) in order to achieve cu
2、stomer satisfaction as the first target; (2) to enterprises as a whole for the purpose of optimal; (3) with information as the center; (4) more emphasis on efficient results. The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the e
3、stablished level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage.According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the n
4、umber and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information co
5、nstitute part of all.All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts.System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, s
6、o that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service.Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, theres a certain aspects of the
7、 problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation.From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constrai
8、nts, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability.For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased.Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis
9、, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes.Douglas and M.Lamber in the paper said: Along with societys development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how e
10、nhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprises competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operatin
11、g process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the
12、 contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document
13、material the procedure, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service co
14、ntrol and the coordination.Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major tendencies.:(1) Thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thingvalue plan design, th
15、e solution and the management.May provides for the customer -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly
16、.(2) Changes the union by the opposition.In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes.However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts i
17、n each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.(3) changes the final survey by the forecast.The traditional circulation pattern ca
18、rries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources.The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel members union mechani
19、sm, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the production material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development gradually by the f
20、orecast foundation.(4) Accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterpri
21、se elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience an
22、d the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.(5) Changes the relative value by the absolute
23、value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many propor
24、tions.(6) Changes the procedure conformity by the function conformity.In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customers need, thus must effective conformity various departments transport business, and acts by the procedure -
25、like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprises characteristic, therefore the procedure type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.(7)Changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the trad
26、itional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprises resources, and weakens the principal work. (8) Changes the information share by the informati
27、on retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.(9) Changes the knowledge
28、 study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procedure to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be
29、unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the individual personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study develop
30、ment.(10) Changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprises management information, by the time will be able th
31、e true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.2、外文文献翻译关于物流管理，Caplice 和 Chris.两人在国际物流管理中论述了如下观点：物流管理主要有4个特点：（1）以实现客户满意为第一目标； （2）以企业整体最优为目的； （3）以信息为中心； （4）重效率更重效果。实施物流管理的目的就是要在尽可能最低的总成本条件下实现既定的客户服务水平，即寻求服务优势和成本优势的一种动态平衡，并由此创造企业在竞争中的战略优势。根据这个
32、目标，物流管理要解决的基本问题，简单地说，就是把合适的产品以合适的数量和合适的价格在合适的时间和合适的地点提供给客户。物流管理强调运用系统方法解决问题。现代物流通常被认为是由运输、存储、包装、装卸、流通加工、配送和信息诸环节构成。各环节原本都有各自的功能、利益和观念。系统方法就是利用现代管理方法和现代技术，使各个环节共享总体信息，把所有环节作为一个一体化的系统来进行组织和管理，以使系统能够在尽可能低的总成本条件下，提供有竞争优势的客户服务。系统方法认为，系统的效益并不是它们各个局部环节效益的简单相加。系统方法意味着，对于出现的某一个方面的问题，要对全部的影响因素进行分析和评价。从这一思想出发，
33、物流系统并不简单地追求在各个环节上各自的最低成本，因为物流各环节的效益之间存在相互影响、相互制约的倾向，存在着交替易损的关系。比如过分强调包装材料的节约，就可能因其易于破损造成运输和装卸费用的上升。因此，系统方法强调要进行总成本分析，以及避免次佳效应和成本权衡应用的分析，以达到总成本最低，同时满足既定的客户服务水平的目的。 Douglas 和 M.Lamber两人在关于物流供应链管理执行的问题和机会研究一文中提到：随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁
34、多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势： （一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业
35、逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。 （二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。 （三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通
36、模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。 （四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。 （五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。（六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、
37、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。 （七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。（八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。 （九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物
38、流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。 （十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。参考文献：1Caplice,Chris.A Review and Evaluation of Logistics Performance Measurement SystemsJ.International Journal of Logistics Management,2002,6(1):61-742Douglas,M.Lamber.Supply Chain Management:Implementation Issues and Research OpportunitiesJ.The International Journal of Logistics Management,2001(2):4