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1、高中英语定语从句识别介词的方式及关系代词的用法确定关系代词前所用介词的方式一看动词与介词的搭配l.The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。相关搭配: stand on 站在. 上;stand on the ladder 站在梯子上。2.He was respected by the people with whom he worked. 他受到与他一起工作的人的尊重相关搭配: work with 与.一起工作;work with the people 与这些人一起工作。3.The person from who
2、m the message came didnot say his name. 送信的人没有道其姓名。相关搭配:come from 来自.;come from the person 来自这个人。4.Hes married to a singer ofwhom you may have heard.他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。相关搭配: hear of 听说;hear of the singer 听说过这位歌唱家。二看形容词与介词的搭配1. He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied 他带来了结果，老板非常满意相关
3、搭配:be satisfied with 对.满意;be satisfied with the result 对结果满意。2. You findyourself married to someone with whom youre not compatible. 你突然意识到自己和一个合不来的人结了婚相关搭配: be compatible with 与.能共处;be compatible with sb 与某人能共处。注要特别注意in which case,at which point, at which time, by which time, during which time等这类常用表
4、达。如:The postman comes at 6.30 in the moring, at which time lam usually fast asleep.邮递员早晨6点30分来，这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢。The speaker paused to examine his notes,at which point aloud crash was heard.讲演者停下来查阅笔记，就在这时，听到了研的一声巨响。He may be busy, in which case I”ll call later 他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。We arrived at noon by wh
5、ich time the demonstration was over.我们是中午到的，这时游行业已结束Tom spent four years in college, during which time he leamed French 汤姆上了四年大学，在此期间他学了法语。三看从句中的习惯表达l.She was the only woman with whom he had ever been in love 他爱过的只有这个女人。相关搭配: be in love with 爱上;be in love with sb 爱上某人。2.Her elder daughter, in whom s
6、he placed the greatest trust, failed to match her expectations. 她的长女,抛对之无比信任，却辜负了她的其猫相关搭配:place trusti 信任.;place trust in sb 信任某人。3,This is something for which vou must constantlv be on the lookout 这是你必须一直密切注意的事。相关搭配: be on the lookout for 注意;be on the lookout for sth 注意某事。四看句子语境的需要1.Then we arrived
7、 at a small temple, behind which was a great pool. 然后我们来到了一座小庙，其后有一个大小池。相关搭配:behind the temple 在庙的后面。2.Look, this 1s the tallest building, next to which is the new post ofice.看，这是最高的建筑，它旁边就是新建的邮局。相关搭配:next to the tallest building 在最高的建筑物旁边。五看相关的所属关系1.Hes written a book the name of which Ive forgotte
8、n. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。相关搭配: the name of. 的名字;the name ofa book 一本书的书名。2.It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定相关搭配: the details of. 的细节;the details of an agreement 某份协议的细节六看整体与部分的关系1.The buses,most of which were already fl,were surrounded by an angy crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤
9、满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包相关搭配: most of.中的大多数，大多数的.;most ofthe buses 大多数的汽车。2.He wentwith a group of people, few ofwhom were correctly equipped for such aclimb.他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。相关搭配: few of.-当中的很少数，少数的.;few ofthe people 少数人。3.The lorry crashed into a queue of people, several of whom had to have h
10、ospital treatment. 卡车冲进7一队人之中，其中有几个不得不院治相关搭配: severalof.当中的几个，几个.;few of the people 几个人。七看同位语关系1.Her sons,both ofwhom work abroad,ring her up every week.她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来用法说明: both ofwhom为her sons的同位语。2.Both players,neither of whom reached the final, played well. 两名运动员都未进入决赛，但都表现得很好用法说明: nei
11、ther ofwhom为both plavers的同位语。一点补充个词后接的关系代词通常为which和whom，但有时也可能是其他关系代词(如whose)。如:He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen他就是那个家里藏画被盗的人。相关搭配: from the mans house 从这个人的家里。In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effects he still suffers. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。相关搭配: fromm the efforts
12、 ofthe illness 从这种病的影响中。whose引导定语从句可以指物吗请看下面这道题：I saw some trees _ leaves were black with disease.A.itsB.whoseC.hisD.the分析：此题应选B。容易误选A。许多考生认为，关系代词whose和who，whom一样，只能指人，不能指物。事实上，用作关系代词的whose与who，whom不一样，它不仅可以指人也可以指物(用作定语)：There are some students whose questions I cant answer.有些学生的问题我不能回答。Can you see
13、the mountain whose top is covered with snow?你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗?Here is a word whose meaning escapes me.这里有一个词，我一下想不起它是什么意思了。当先行词为物时，其后引导定语从句的whosen.也可换成then.of which/of whichthen.：窗户破了的那座房子是空的。正：The house whose windows are broken is empty.正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty.正：The hous
14、e of which the windows are broken is empty.但是如果whose所修饰的名词中心词之前有数词或其他限定词，则不用whose，而用of which：There I saw a large table，two legs of which were broken.在那里我看见有一张大桌子，其中有两条腿断了。能用what引导定语从句吗what能引导定语从句吗？我们可以说all that和all what吗？我们来看看这个句子：He told me all _ he had seen there.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when此题应选A。容易误
15、选C。这里的B(which)，D(when)比较好排除。选项B错，因为当先行词为不定代词all，little，much等时，要用关系代词that，不用which。选项D错，因为它是关系副词，只能在定语从句中作状语，而这里的定语从句缺宾语(即seen缺宾语)，所以不能选D。至于选项C(what)，是考生最容易出错的，这是因为考生在平时的阅读中，经常可以见到类似这样的句子：He told me all he had seen there.He told me what he had seen there.由于没有完全理解，结果将以上两类句型混在一起。选项C错的原因在于what不是关系词，所以它不能
16、引导定语从句。但值得注意的是：what有时相当于“名词(先行词)+关系代词”：他把一切都给了我。正：He gave me what he had.正：He gave me everything that he had.这就是你要的东西。正：This is what you want.正：This is the thing that you want.以上实例告诉我们，what有时相当于“先行词+关系代词”，同时这也告诉我们，这样用的what前不能再有先行词(即what不能引导定语从句)。that还是when在通常情况下，表示时间的名词后应用关系副词when来引导定语从句。但下面一句是例外，你能
17、看出它的特殊性吗？She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where。【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。比较下面一题
18、，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，which在定语从句中用作动词bought的宾语。(2) Our company w
19、ill move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where选A，which在定语从句中用作主语。(3) Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which选A，where在定语从句中用作状语。时间或地点名词后一定要用where, when来引导定语从句吗我们有的初学者在学习定语从句时，误认为时间名词后就一定要用when来引导定语从句，地点名词后就一
20、定要用where来引导定语从句。其实不一定。如：a. I will never forget the days _ I lived in the country.b. I will never forget the days _ I spent in the country.A.that，thatB.when，whenC.that，whenD.when，that此题应选D。容易误选B。考生往往错误地认为，时间或地点名词后的定语从句就一定要用关系副词when或where来引导。注意在选择关系副词when时，考生要明确两个问题：一是先行词是否是指时间或地点的名词，二是when，where在定语从句
21、中是否用作状语。a句中的定语从句主语和宾语齐全，所以可用表时间的状语(when)，而b句中的定语从句，显然spent缺宾语，所以选关系代词that。考生从以上分析中应明确这样一点：选择关系词时一定要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分。尤其是当先行词为表时间或地点的名词时，千万不要想当然地认为一定要用关系副词when和where来引导定语从句。再如：1.a. This is the school _ I studied last year.b. This is the school _ I visited last year.A.that，that B.where，whereC.that，whereD.where，that2.a. I still remember the time _ he was born.b. I still remember the time _ he told me.A.that，that B.when，whenC.that，when D.when，that答案：1.D2.D学科网（北京）股份有限公司