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1、ATraining Program for freshmenIn JXUFEFormulated by: Team four (Seven win)IntroductionTraining consists of an organizations planned efforts to help employees learn job-related competencies (i.e. knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors), with the goal of applying these on the job. Most of the tim
2、e, were talking about all kinds of training programs for businesses, rather than those for non-profit organizations such as schools and governments. Therefore, this paper focuses on making a training program for a university. JXUFE is a very famous university in Jiangxi Province, an organization tha
3、t usually puts great emphasis on training its freshmen. The problem rises that the university lacks a comprehensive and scientific training program, so our work in figuring out an effective training program for freshmen in JXUFE is necessary. In this paper, we attempted to formulate a training progr
4、am according to the overall process of a training program exhibited as follow:Assess needs for trainingPlan training programImplement training programEvaluate results of trainingFeedbackFigure 1 the overall process of a training program1. Assess needs for training An analysis to effectively identify
5、 training needs of students so that training & development is planned, carried out to enable individual students to develop to their full potential and contribute to the success of the organization.（1） Organization Analysis: Considering organizations strategy, resources, and management support.江西财经大
6、学秉承 “信、敏、廉、毅”的校训和“敬业乐群、臻于至善”的大学精神，形成了培养具有“信敏廉毅”素质的创业型人才的办学特色，因此学校就有需要对大学新生进行培训，提高其各方面的素质，让新生更快地成为合格的江财人。另外，学校多年来一直致力于对新生生活、学习等方面进行较为全面的培训，积累了丰富的培训经验；随着学校培训师资质量的提高、培训硬件设施的不断改善，为各类针对新生的培训提供了有利的保障。（2） Person Analysis: Determining who needs training and if students are ready for training.其次，要对学生个人进行分析，将
7、学生现有的水平与预期未来对学生技能的要求进行比照，看两者之间是否存在差距。当能力不能满足需要时，就要进行培训。大部分新生对大学生活乃至未来的理想目标都是模糊的，引导新生进行正确的大学学业和职业生涯规划，树立明确的学习目标和远大的人生理想就显得很有必要了。结合不同人的特定需要，可以对新生的心理健康、安全意识、目标和理想、专业技能等进行培训，可以使新生们能更快的适应大学的生活。同时，经历了高考之后的大多数新生对大学生活充满期待与向往，乐于接受新鲜事物，可塑性较强。（3）Task Analysis: What kind of knowledge and skills should students
8、acquire in order to make outstanding achievements?最后，要进行工作分析，分析学生取得理想的成绩所必须掌握的知识和技能。入学新生对自身专业了解甚少，这就有必要对新生们培训自身专业的相关知识以及所需掌握的其他技能，帮助新生们更早的制定相应的目标，进而更加容易的达到学校的培养目标。2. Plan training program（1）Training GoalsThe training program involves several departments, ranging from a tiny class to the whole univer
9、sity. Therefore, all the departments have to make an accurate goal. Below is a list of the goals different counterparts have made. JXUFE JXUFE is committed to prepare its students with the characteristics of fidelity, excellence, integrity, and dedication. And it also prepares its students with the
10、tools and knowledge that are required to participate in a rapidly challenging world economy.Security department 提升新生面对突发安全事件的自我保护能力（开展消防演习、人身财产安全自我保护教育）。Division of Students Affairs1.制定完善的学生诚信教育管理条例2.积极开展针对新生的心理健康教育培训，保证新生心理健康(心理健康教育与咨询中心)3.联合学院开展职业生涯规划培训，使新生认识自我，明确目标(就业指导中心)JXUFE Hospital为新生身体健康提供有
11、益指导（开展急救常识、健康养生方面的培训）Schools1.配合学校其他部门统筹安排新生各类培训2.针对新生开展校园文化、专业思想与学习方法等培训，使学生认同学校文化，践行“信敏廉毅”校训，掌握科学的学习方法；Classes积极响应院系安排，及时将各类培训通知传达下去，并妥善安排Headmasters & monitors积极有序组织本班同学参加相应培训Trainees积极参与，认真学习，尽早锤炼各方面素质能力。Figure 2 Goals made by different departments（2） Training content Military training 军事训练由南昌陆军
12、学院的教官对新生进行各项基本军事技能的训练：包括匕首操、走正步、射击战术等。 Campus culture 校园文化培训首先是了解校史校情，学习学校规章制度和学生守则；领会并践行学校校训精神、培养理念。 Education for mental health 心理健康教育培训举办心理健康讲座，针对新生进行心理测试，对新生提供定期心理咨询和反馈。 Safety and health 安全健康教育培训举办安全教育讲座，安全知识竞赛，急救知识培训和消防演习等。 Education for honesty 诚信教育培训 以讲座、征文等形式举办诚信考试周或诚信考试月的系列活动。 Professional
13、 thinking and learning methods 专业思想与学习方法培训 开展专业学习方法的系列培训讲座，高年级师兄师姐的经验传授和相关问题的解答。 Career planning 职业生涯规划培训 职业生涯规划讲座、职业能力测试。（3） Selection of Trainees: All freshmen enrolled by JXUFE in September, 2013.（4）Training Methods There are a lot of training methods widely used by different organizations. Examp
14、les are lectures, role playing and simulation, audiovisual methods, programmed learning, laboratory training, simulations, behavior modeling, team training, action learning. In terms of the training program for freshmen in JXUFE, we mainly considered the methods exhibited in Table 1.（5）TrainersSelec
15、tion of trainers is determined by training content and training needs. Different training content and training needs require different trainers. And the source of trainers comes from internal resources and external resources. In relation to JXUFE, internal resources dominate the training resources,
16、as exhibited in Table 1. Table 1 Training Methods and trainers used in our training programTraining contentTraining MethodsTrainersMilitary trainingOn-the-job training: 现场培训，受训者通过观察并效仿教官行为动作来学习；Team training: 团队培训,把受训者分成多个连、排，以排为单位进行团队培训，协调并保证整个排的培训效果。Coaches from Nan Chang Institute of Route ArmyCa
17、mpus cultureLectures & Audiovisual methods: 由学院书记负责，通过讲座，配合多媒体介绍学校发展历史及校园文化，并邀请践行学校文化价值观的师兄师姐进行事迹汇报。Secretary of the CPC Committee（各学院党委书记为主）Education for mental healthPsychological test: 先让所有新生进入瑞格心理教育信息化管理系统，接受心理测试Lectures: 针对同学测试中或实际情形中遇到的心理问题提供有针对性的建议Mental health education and consultation cent
18、er (Division of Students Affairs)Safety and healthAudiovisual methods: 通过PPT、视频等方式讲解安全与健康教育方面的理论知识以及实践运用On-the-job training: 现场培训，对于消防演练受训者通过观察消防科工作人员现场操作来学习；对于急救知识受训者通过观察校医院工作人员现场操作来学习simulation: 让受训者进行实际的消防演习、现场急救模拟Security department & JXUFE HospitalEducation for honestyLectures: 开展诚信教育相关讲座，并对大一新
19、生举办一次学风建设动员大会HeadmastersProfessional thinking and learning methodsLectures:各院系教师负责开展专业知识和学习相关讲座，邀请优秀师兄师姐分享学习经验Professors/Teachers/Senior studentscareer planningAudiovisual methods: 通过PPT讲解职业生涯规划的步骤、方法等Holland Code Career Test: 让每一位受训者接受测试，进行自我定位，合理规划大学生活Teachers from Student Career Center and other
20、experienced teachers3. Implement training programAfter planning the training program, we now move on to the next stage: implemention of the training program, which is a process of putting the plan into practice. As weve considered the training methods and trainers in Table 1, we will further include
21、 training devices and preparations, schedule & place in this implementation reflected in Table 2.Table 2 Implementation of the training programTraining contentTraining devices and preparationsSchedule & PlaceMilitary trainingmilitary-style camouflage clothing;Necessary self-protective items like wat
22、er and medicine.Time: Two days after their enrollment at school, and it will last for half a monthPlace: PlaygroundCampus culturePPT presentation;Videos and Papers;Arrange relative teachers to show students around the history museum Time: The first day after their enrollment at school (lectures );du
23、ring the military training (visit History Museum)Place: MBA lecture hall & History Museum etc.Education for mental healthProvide a psychological test（瑞格心理教育信息化管理系统）;PPT presentationTime: During the military training and at the end of the first semesterPlace: ClassroomSafety and healthPPT(lectures);N
24、ecessary devices such as fire-extinguishers and medical devicesTime: In NovemberPlace:Classroom（lectures） ; Outside (practices and performances)Education for honestyPapers and PPT presentation (including cases)Time: In December, and it will last for about two weeksPlace: Classroom（主题班会/精品班会）; The Gr
25、eat Hall(学风建设动员大会)Professional thinking and learning methodsPPT presentationTime: The first or second week after the military training (学习方法总体介绍) and at the beginning of the second semester (专业思维训练)Place: Classroomcareer planningPPT(lectures);Questionnaire（Holland Code Career Test）Time: The first we
26、ekend after military training Place: MBA lecture hall or classroomAs you may consider, the overall process of implementing the training program should at least combine Table 1 with Table 2. We ignored this combination mainly because of limited layout.4. Evaluate results of trainingThis is the last s
27、tage of training program. In this stage, we are going to evalute the overall implementation of the training program. Figure 3 shows the standards we use to make an evaluation.ReactionTrainingEvaluationBehaviourResultsLearningFigure 3 Kirkparicks 4 levels of evaluation for training programs（1）Level I
28、: ReactionHow did the student feel and what did they think about the training? Distribute an evaluation or feedback form. This is often called a “smilesheet” and can be administered in either paper format or online format. This type of evaluation is usually inexpensive and used by most organizations
29、. Be sure to distribute evaluations immediately after training ends. You can include questions to evaluate the instructor, material covered, training materials and audio visual equipment. 反馈很重要。在培训结束后及时地以问卷（在线或纸质）或访谈的方式了解新生培训后的感受与体会，并收集其对改进培训的建议与意见，包括对培训者、培训资料、培训设备等各方面。另外还可在培训结束后，组织新生撰写心得体会，了解其对培训的整
30、体感受与评价。所有的这些信息都有助于完善下次培训以及作为评价新生培训效果的依据。（2）Level II: LearningHow much did the student learn? To assess the amount of learning, consider using pre-tests and post-tests. The tests attempt to determine how students have advanced with regards to skills, knowledge and attitude. 在进行各项培训前，都要先了解新生关于培训内容已有的认
31、识与水平，然后在培训后将其主要的情况与培训前进行对比，比如可以观察法与问卷调查法测试职业生涯规划培训是否使受训者由原来的迷茫到目标明确，通过培训者按平时表现进行的打分（如军训）也可表现出受训者培训后与培训前的变化。（3）Level III: BehaviorWhat is the extent of behavior and capability improvement and implementation/application? To determine the extent of behavior and capability improvement, consider observin
32、g learners for an extended period of time after training is completed. This can be measured via post training interviews, monitoring progress and meeting with headmasters of the learners to determine if the training has allowed the learner to excel in his/her study. 受训者通过培训提升程度如何？这可以在培训之后通过集中性地对部分同学
33、进行抽样观察，比如在学习方法培训之后，到教室观察是否大多数学生都能认真听课，轻松学习。当然这通过课间直接访谈更能够了解新生学习现状：是否真正掌握合理的学习方法，学习中是否又遇到了新的问题与困难？另外，还可以与新生班主任进行交流，了解相应情况。比如，在职业生涯规划培训后，可向班主任了解其班上的同学是否逐步适应了大学生活，并且制定了比较明确的目标。（4）Level IV: ResultsWhat impact on the organization did the training have as a result of the learners performance? To determine
34、 the impact of the training program, key performance indicators include student satisfaction, achievements, social status and other types of quantifiable aspects of the performance of the organization.培训之后，用来反映培训结果的主要指标有：学生满意度、学生在学习/活动中的成绩、学校的社会地位等。学生对学习内容、学校的各项规章制度甚至对自己的生活现状是否满意都在一定程度上反映了培训内容的成效。另外
35、，学生在培训后学习成绩是否令人满意，参加各类活动是否能取得较好成绩也是一个重要的考量指标。从长远来看，学生毕业后是否能保证较高的就业率、就业质量、升学质量，进而吸引更多、更优秀的生源，提升学校的知名度和综合实力也是衡量新生培训结果的重要指标。ConclusionAfter the evaluation, we may know what (if anything) has changed as a result of the training. On one hand, if the training results are very promising, we can emphasize a
36、nd maintain our work in the three stages (assessing needs for training, planning training program and implementing training program). On the other hand, if the training results are not so satisfactory, we should rethink the previous three stages. Whether we analyzed the training needs and met them appropriately or not? Whether we made a scientific plan or not? Whether we implemented the program carefully or not? This is the feedback process of the training program.