《开放英语3导学方案.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《开放英语3导学方案.doc(12页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、开放英语3导学方案一、放英语3学习建议为了便于自学,开放英语通过不同的形式提供导学帮助,包括:用斜体字交待主题,也就是为学习者提供语言活动的背景;用 表示教师的声音,说明下面学习活动的目的;利用旁注提供有关学习内容和学习方法的指导和提示。这些导学内容犹如学习者身边的虚拟导师,可以随时提供所需的指导。 学习技巧 每单元都有一个Study Tip专栏,介绍一些实用的学习技巧,这是为自学者提供的学习方法指导。这部分内容以英汉对照的形式出现,是为了给学有余力者提供一些实用的阅读材料。语言内容不在本课程学习范围之内。 学后小结 在Study Tip之后是Review Reminder,用于帮助学习者总结
2、、归纳该单元所学的主要内容,也是将学习目标中列出的内容具体化。其中留出“个人学习记录”一栏,学习者可根据提示记录自己学习过程中的进展和问题,培养反思式的学习习惯。 词汇学习 生词的词义均标注在出处的旁白中。每单元最后是Vocabulary,列出该单元所有应学习的生词,并标注词性和中文释义。开放英语3的总词汇表(Glossary)在开放英语3综合练习的附录中,并标注音标、词性、中文释义及所在单元。词汇表按字母表的顺序排列,方便学习者逐步培养查阅工具书的能力。另外,在开放英语4附录III中还提供了常见英语人名表。 录音文本 在Activity旁标注Extract,说明是听力练习。所有听力练习的录音
3、文本均收在书后附录I中。学习者应在做完听力练习后再利用录音文本核查感到有疑问之处,然后再反复听录音,直到真正听懂为止,切忌在做听力练习之前先看录音文本。录音文本还可以用来做口语练习,比如可在听录音的过程中利用暂停键,进行跟读、模仿、朗读,这对于自学者尤其重要。录音文本还可以用作练习阅读的材料。 练习答案 书中所有练习的答案均在附录II中,这也是为了便于自学者在独立完成练习后核对答案。如果自己不做练习,只是简单地抄袭提供的答案,对于自己的学习是没有益处的。有些答案可以在录音文本中找到,故不再重复列出。有些练习要结合自身的具体情况,这里仅提供参考答案。 复习自测 每隔5个单元有一个复习与自测单元,
4、复习前5个单元的学习内容。学习者在学完5个单元后,应利用一段连续的时间集中完成一个自测单元的所有练习,而且不参考任何其他内容独立地完成,然后统一核对答案。对于存在问题的部分,要利用这段时间重点复习前面相关的内容,为下面的学习打好基础二、开放英语3语法重点动名词(一) 动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。 1动名词作主语 例如: Seeing is believing. Talking mends no holes. Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot good.
5、 那么:_in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for. A) The girl to be educated B) The girl educated C) The girls being educated D) The girl was educated 注:动名词和不定式都可以做主语。不定式做主语表示具体的动作,动名词做主语则可以表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词,答案为C。当动名词做主语时,我们常用先
6、行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾,特别要注意如下结构:It is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing. It is a waste of time doing. It is worthwhile doing. 例如:It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him. It is no good leaving todays work for tomorrow. 2动名词作动词宾语 1)英语中有些动词后
7、面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit, advice, anticipate, appreciate, avoid,consider, delay,deny,dislike, enjoy,escape,excuse, fancy,favor, finish,imagine,include , keep, mind,miss, postpone, practise,prevent , propose, resist, risk, suggest等。 例如:Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks t
8、raffic regulations. The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month. Would you mind opening the window? The murderer denied killing the rich man. 那么:I would appreciate _it a secret. A) your keeping B) you to keep C) that you keep D) that you will keep appreciate后面一般加动名词做宾语,动名词可以有自
9、己的逻辑主语,因此答案为A。 That young guy still denies _the fire behind the store. A) to start B)having started C) start D) to have started deny后面加动名词作宾语,而且引发火灾是在否认这一动做之前,所以用动名词的完成式,答案为B。 2) 动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。 例如:My shoes need mending. The following language points deserv
10、e mentioning. This matter demands discussing. 那么:Your hair wants _. You had better have it done now. A) cut B) to cut C) cutting D) being cut want, need, require等动词后经常加动名词做宾语,表示被动的意思,故答案为C。 3) 有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object/objection to,put off,keep on,insist on,lea
11、ve off,look forward to,think of, cant help, be/get used to, spend.in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard time in, there be no need, confess to等。 例如:Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight? Chinese people are looking forward to holding the 27th Olympic games. I am used to going to
12、 bed late and getting up late. 那么:Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used _late for his lecture. A) to have students B) for students being C) for students to be D) to students being be/get used to doing表示习惯于干什么,是固定用法,因此答案为D。 I have no objection_ your story again. A) to hear B) to hea
13、ring C) to having heard D) to have heard object/objection to doing是固定用法,因此A和D可以排除。动名词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,而句中听的动作还没有进行,因此用动名词的一般式,答案为B。 4) 有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget, like, remember, regret, try等。 forget to do:忘记去做某事,还没有做。 例如:Dont forget to take an umbrella when you go out. forget d
14、oing:忘了做过某事。 例如:Ill never forget _you for the first time. A) to meet B) to have met C) meeting D)having to be meeting forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词,答案为C. remember to do:记住去做某事,还没有做。 例如: I will remember to write to you often. If I had remembered _t
15、he window, the thief would not have got in. A) to close B) closing C) to have closed D)having closed remember to do表示记得要做某事,还没有做。根据句意,如果我记得去关窗户,小偷就不会进来,窗户很明显没有关,所以用不定式,答案为A。 remember doing:记得做过某事。 例如: I remembered putting my wallet in the bag, but I could not find it. regret to do:遗憾做某事,经常用:regret t
16、o say 例如: I regret to say that I cant accept your invitation. regret doing:后悔做过某事。 例如: I regret not having taken your advice. try to do:尽力做某事。 例如: One should try to do everything well. try doing:试着做某事。 例如: I tried cooking, but I failed. 3动名词作介词宾语 动名词作介词宾语,并且和介词构成介词短语。 例如: She left without saying any
17、thing to us. Mans dream of landing on the moon came true in1968. I am afraid of being punished by the teacher. Ann never dreams of _for her to be sent abroad very soon. A) there being a chance B) there to be C) there be a chance D) being a chance of为介词,后面接动名词做宾语,因此B和C都可以排除。另外,根据句意:安妮从来没有梦想过她有一个很快被送出
18、国的机会,介词后面含有“有”的意思,用there be结构表达,故正确答案为A. 动名词(二) 一、动名词有时态和语态之分 1 时态 1)一般式:动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前、之后。如: We are interested in collecting stamps. I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. We are not afraid of dying. 2)完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如: Imagine having travelled
19、 on the moon. We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 2被动语态 1)如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。如: The young man came in without being noticed. He prided himself on having never been beaten in class. 2)有些动词后的动名词用主动形式,但表示被动意义。如: The bike needs repairing. If a t
20、hing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 二、其他用法 1在口语中,为避免重复,常用to代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把to省略。如: 1)Did you go to visit the Great Wall? No, I wanted to, but there wasnt enough time. 2)Would you like to come to a party? Id love to. 3)Dont make any mistakes in your homework, will you? Ill try not to. 4)Try t
21、o be back by 12,wont you? OK, Ill try. 另外,be going to, ought to, used to等也常用于这一结构中。 2. 在why引起的问句中,省略to。如: Why spend such a lot of money? Why not wait for a couple of days? 3当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,只在第一个不定式前加to。如: Its quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice. 4to在下列短语中是“介词”,后接动名词或名词形式。如
22、: devoteto, face up to(勇敢地面对),look forward to(盼望),object to(反对),take to(养 成习惯,对感兴趣;开始从事某种活动),be used to(习惯于)等。 定语从句 (一) 定语从句: 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一
23、致。关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有:when, where, why等。 一、词引导的定语从句 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物代替人或物 主 语 Who which that 主 语 Whomwhich that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例:This is the detective who came from London. 例:The book which I am reading is written b
24、y Tomas Hardy. 例:The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 关系代词的用法 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如: All the people that are present burst into tears. 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any,
25、only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如: 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如: There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whomare well educated. which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and th
26、is 相似,并可以指人。例如: He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如: The boy and t
27、he dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如: Is there anyone here who will go with you? “介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, wi
28、thout 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。from where为“介词关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如: We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如: This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 关系副词也可以
29、引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why充当原因状语, 相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。 (1)There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 (2)Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 (3)Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是
30、他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? that可引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因。That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。 (1) His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 (2) He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
31、三、开放英语3复习建议我们首先来看看关于这门课程的考核情况。和中央电大开放教育的其他课程一样。英语II(1)的考核也是由两部分构成,即形成性考核和课程终结考试。课程总成绩为百分制,形成性考核占20%,课程终结考试占80%。形成性考核包括对“形成性考核及学习档案”中作业的完成情况,参加面授辅导的情况以及个人学习记录情况的综合评定。课程终结考试,也就是我们常说的期末考试,形式为闭卷,笔答。考试时间为120分钟。终结考试满分为100分,由中央电大统一命题,在同一时间全国统考。 这门课程的考核目标主要体现在以下两个方面: 1语言知识 语法与功能:学生应能基本掌握并恰当运用所学的基本语法知识和语言功能,
32、具体内容参见开放英语3的“内容概览”。 词汇知识:学生应能掌握2,200词左右的常用词汇(包括英I要求掌握的1,600词)和相关的常用词组,具体词汇参见开放英语3的单元词汇表。 2语言运用 学生应能听懂发音清楚、语速较慢的简短对话或陈述;能够读懂与教材中课文难度相当的一般题材的简短英文材料,理解正确,并能够读懂通用的简短实用文字材料,如通知、介绍和广告等;能写简短的应用文,如日记、信函、通知等。 我们的考核依据是中央广播电视大学的英语课程教学大纲(公共英语课:英语II)以及开放英语3中的内容。终结考试命题原则是根据教材所涵盖的语法项目、交际功能和词汇以及与教材难度相当的语言材料命题,涉及教材的
33、内容不少于50%。 终结考试试卷分为四部分 : 第一部分: 听力理解(20分) 第二部分: 英语知识运用(30分) 第三部分: 阅读理解(30分) 第四部分: 写作(20分) 下面我们谈谈每一部分的解题技巧。 听力题有两种题型。第一种是听小对话做选择的题。做这种类型的题目的技巧就是听前预测,听的时候抓关键词。因为有两遍听的机会,可以利用第二遍来检查。针对对话所设计的问题也主要是wh开头的问题 (即 who, whose, what, when, how many, how much之类的问题。) 听力部分的第二种题型是听对话或独白做正误判断。做这种题目,一定要在听之前将需要判断的句子很快地浏览
34、一遍,为了加深印象,可以在一些信息词下面做记号,例如划线等来提醒自己在听的过程中要特别注意的地方。在这种题型中的信息词主要是指形容词、副词、数字和表示时间、界定范围的词或词组等。 这是听力部分的两种题型。不管是哪种题,都需要考生在听之前做到心中有数。因为题目要求每次考试都是一样的,大家可以在考前就可以熟悉,在考试中可以利用读考试要求的间隙,快速浏览一下题目,这点是非常必要的。 选择填空这部分主要是考察教材中语言点的掌握情况。那么在开放英语3这套教材中每一单元的Language Focus部分就是我们的考察点。在复习的时候,大家可以重点复习一下这些内容,并加以归纳和总结。虽然内容看似很多,归纳起
35、来,主要是下面这些: 1. 几种常用时态区别和运用 2定语从句 3被动语态 4真实条件句和虚拟条件句 5动名词和动词不定式的用法 6反意疑问句 7间接引语和间接疑问句 8短语动词、形容词和介词搭配、动词介词搭配 完型填空实际上考察的还是综合的英语语法知识。例如:时态、语态、主谓搭配、动宾搭配、介词、连词和冠词用法等。做这种题,在选择答案时一定要结合上、下文来判断,完成后,也应通篇检查一遍,这样正确率才可能较高。上下文不仅可以提示时态的使用,句子间的逻辑关系,有时在上下文中就有需要填的词或其同义词、近义词。阅读理解题按测试的要点和方式大致归纳起来分为:要旨题、细节题、推断题和词汇题 。要旨题主要
36、测试考生理解文章主旨和大意的能力,检查考生是否透彻理解了文章,通常文章的主题(Topic)或标题(Title)及主题思想(Main Idear)提问。在考试中这是一种极为常见的题。写作题是要考察学员综合运用所学语言知识的能力。大家一定要按照要求去写。首先是不能跑题,然后才是行文的无错误和流畅。所选的话题一定是和教材每一单元话题或单元主要内容相关。在复习备考时,我们建议同学们将教材每单元开头所列的Objective和最后的Review Reminder看看,可以按照每单元的话题熟记一些相关的单词,例如用于描述人的常用词汇、描述家庭和家庭关系的词汇、谈论社会变化或城市设施等的词汇。同时在学习完每个
37、单元后也可以练练笔,写一篇和该单元话题相关的短文。开始时,可能会觉得很难。可以模仿该单元中的阅读文章或听力材料,慢慢加入更多自己的句子。只要你坚持了,一个学期下来是一定会有进步的。四、开放英语3考试样题 第一部分 交际用语(共计10分,每小题2分)15小题:阅读下面的小对话,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。(A )1. - Hello , may I talk to the headmaster now ? - _ . A .sorry , he is busy at the moment B. No , you cant C. Sorry
38、 , you cant (A )2. - What about going for a walk ?- _ .A. Why not ? A good idea B. Thats all right C. Walking is good for you (B )3. - Whats the problem , Harry ? - _ .A. No problem B. I cant remember where I left my glasses C. No trouble at all (C )4. - What kind of TV program do you like best ?-_
39、.A. Im too busy to say B. I only watch them at weekend C. Its hard to say , actually(A )5. - Can you turn down the radio , please ?-_ .A. Oh , I know B. Im sorry , I didnt realize it was that loud C. Please forgive me 第二部分 词汇与结构 (20分,每小题2分)615 小题: 阅读下面的句子 ,从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
40、(B )6. She has lived here _ three years .A. since B. for C. during (A )7. - Whats happened to Tom ? - _ to hospital .A.Hes been taken B. Hell be takenC. Hell take (B )8. We need _ the machine .A.repairing B. to repair C. repair (C )9. Lets go to the cinema , _ ?A. will you B. shant we C. shall we (C
41、 )10. - Which do you like better , real movies _ cartoons ? - I prefer cartoons _ real movers .A.and ,than B. or , than C. or , to (A )11. _ every day for 20 minutes .A. Exercise B. To exercise C. Should exercise (A )12. All the team members tried their best . We lost the game , _ . A. however B. th
42、erefore C. since (C )13. The boy _ to school already . A. has taken B. is taken C. has been taken (B )14.If I get the new job , I _ buy a better car . A. _ B. will C. would (B )15. I think all these are main points _ much attention . A .being worthy of B. worthy of C. which worthy 第三部分 完形填空 (共计20分,每
43、题2分)1625 小题:阅读下面的短文 , 从短文后所给的从A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。The ancient Olympic Games (16) part of religious festival in honour (17) the Greek god Zeus , the father of all Greek gods and goddesses .The festival and games (18) in Olympia , a religious Sanctuary .In the ancient games , ath
44、letes received prizes worth large amounts of money . In fact the word “athlete” is a ancient Greek word , (19) “one who competes ( 20) a prize.” The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games . The marathon is a modern event that was first (21) in the Olympic Games in 1896 . It was (22)a
45、 village called marathon (23)the Persians (24) by a small Greek army . The news of the victory was brought to Athens by a soldier , who ran the 26 miles from the village of Marathon to the capital . 26 miles was (25) adopted as the distance of the modern marathon race .(B )16、Ais Bwere Cwas(C )17、Afor Bafter Cof(C )18、Aare hold Bheld Cwere held (A )19、Ameaning Bmean Cmeant(B )20、Aof Bfor Cin (A )21、Aintroduced Bintroducing