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1、初中英语读写综合信息归纳第1页，本讲稿共55页读写综合主要考查考生的语言实际运用能力，它主要考查考生从短文或信件中提取、归纳自己所需要信息并能够恰当运用所归纳的信息来表达自己的思想、叙述自己的观点的能力。它由两部分组成：A 部分是信息归纳，其形式常为表格、图片或短文等，要求考生不仅能读懂文字信息，而且能够按照一定的要求记录和筛选信息并填入信息卡中。B 部分是书面表达，与传统的书面表达的要求基本一致，但其内容一定要与 A 部分的信息归纳相关。它要求考生根据从 A 部分整理出来的信息以及题目的要求和提示，写一篇语言准确、文理通顺、意思连贯的短文、日记、信件等。第2页，本讲稿共55页一、信息归纳A
2、部分的信息归纳实际上就是任务型阅读理解，要想做好此部分的题目，必须做到以下几点：1了解文字信息的大意。了解文字信息的大意。主要了解“5w1h”：what,who,when,why,where 和 how。例(2011 年广东)The date of Earth Hour in 201181解析本题涉及的是“地球日”的时间。由短文的第一句“From 8:30 p.m.to 9:30 p.m.on Saturday,March 26th,2011,a great number of people around the world turned off the lights forEarth Hou
3、r.”可 知 人 们 为 地 球 日 关灯 的 时 间 为“March 26th,2011”，因题干已给出年份，故答案为 March 26th。第3页，本讲稿共55页2明确任务。明确任务。解题前要先明确题目要求，做到心中有数，然后带着问题再读文章，搜寻目标。要在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。例(2012 年广东)The thing that the kid did on the underground82.解析本题的任务让考生找出 The thing that the kid did onthe underground(那个孩子在地铁上所做的事)
4、。明确任务后，根据题干所包括的信息，由原文中的“I saw a kid eating noodles onthe underground”就可以知道答案应该为“Eating noodles.”。第4页，本讲稿共55页3注注意答案要符合题目要求。意答案要符合题目要求。若是写单词，则要注意拼写是否正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需要用什么样的表达方式，不可草率地将文中信息直接挪用。第5页，本讲稿共55页例(2012 年广东)Wu Peigens age84解析本题是要考生找出“吴培根的年龄”，该题的信息点包
5、含在原文的“I am a 14-year-old boy from a poor village inFuyang,Anhui Province.”中。但考生在答题时要能分析题干要求的句子成分，本题是表语，一般由形容词充当。若考生直接将原文中的信息点“14-year-old”搬过来就错了，因为它是一个定语，考生需要将其转换成“14 years old/Fourteen years old.”，也可直接简略成“14/Fourteen.”，同时注意首字母大写。第6页，本讲稿共55页二、书面表达 从近几年的中考试题来看，书面表达主要以提示性作文为主，即题目中已为考生提供了写作内容，且内容一般与考生生
6、活贴近，让考生能“有话可说”，考生只需进行适当的展开和合理的想象，把规定的内容用英语表达出来。题目中经常要求列举一件生活中的事情，或描述一件自己身边的事例，这是本题的难点。书面表达的写作内容与 A 部分的信息归纳内容相关，所以考生还要注意不能照抄 A 部分的文字信息。从中考作文的评分标准来看，书面表达有四点要求：(1)内第7页，本讲稿共55页容完整；(2)语句连贯；(3)语法正确；(4)书写规范。要想写好书面表达，考生可按照以下步骤进行：1.审清题目要求，明确写作目的，防止跑题。审清题目要求，明确写作目的，防止跑题。根据给定的信息看懂题意，明确写作的目的，以及写作的内容、主体时态、地点和人物；
7、同时还要注意文体形式(有时已给出)、弄清作者的身份，准确地使用人称代词。如 2012 年广东中考英语作文要求考生写出看法，所以作者要以第一人称来写。如果要你介绍一个人或某件事物，那肯定要用第三人称来写了。明确这一点可以避免跑题。第8页，本讲稿共55页2.列要点，写提纲。列要点，写提纲。防止遗漏要点。要点是得分的一个重要因素。因此要仔细观察，逐条列出要点。然后根据列出的要点写出提纲。3.巧用已知信息。巧用已知信息。找出书面表达的要求与所给文章的相同点和不同点，灵活利用有用的句子，但不要原封不动地照抄。从 A 部分的阅读材料中提取有用信息，然后结合题目要求的时间、任务、地点、内容、目的、结果以及词
8、数等，写一篇语言通顺准确、意思连贯的文章(短文、日记、信件、广告等)。第9页，本讲稿共55页4扬扬长避短，发挥优势。长避短，发挥优势。书面表达有较大的灵活性，但不能太随便发挥。如果某一要点有多种不同的表达方式，要尽量用自己最熟悉的、把握性最大的句型。切记不要使用自己不熟知的句型。另外，务必要使所写的句子符合英语表达习惯，不要出现中式英语。可适当使用感叹句、祈使句、疑问句来增添文章气势。第10页，本讲稿共55页5根据体裁的不同选用合适的句型结构，提升文章的档次。根据体裁的不同选用合适的句型结构，提升文章的档次。(1)记叙文写人写事常用的句型结构有：be busy doingtoo.to do.s
9、oadj./adv.as to doIt takes sb.some time to do sth.sb.spends some time doing sth.It isadj.for sb.to do sth.第11页，本讲稿共55页(2)议论文常用的句型结构有：These days people think.I agree/I disagree/I think/In my opinion.Different people have different ideas,but I.Almosteverythinghastwosidesadvantagesanddisadvantages.As w
10、e know/As is known to all.have played an importantrole/part in our daily life.第12页，本讲稿共55页提供建议类的常用的句型结构有：Why not.Why dont you.What about.How about.Youd better.You should/could.Could you.Its better if you.第13页，本讲稿共55页6.篇章布局尽量不要一段到底，最好采用篇章布局尽量不要一段到底，最好采用“总分总总分总”的方式，文章分三段来写。的方式，文章分三段来写。第一段：点明写作目的或中心思想，
11、引出下文。例如写提出建议的作文，可以用“Heres some advice.”来引出下文；写介绍人或事的作文，可以用“Let me tell you somethingabout.”来引出下文。第二段：阐述具体内容(具体要点)。写具体内容时，切记信息点不要缺失。为了上下文表达的连贯性，可适当地使用以下过渡方法：第14页，本讲稿共55页(1)表示并列关系的可用：and,as well as,or.等。(2)表示转折关系的可用：but,yet,however.等。(3)表示时间先后关系的可用：first,then,next,finally,when,while,not.until,after,be
12、fore.等。(4)表示因果关系的可用：so,in order that,too.to,so.that,not only.but also 等。(5)表示举例、列举的可用：like,such as,for example.等。第15页，本讲稿共55页第三段：总结、提升。结尾总结、提升要再一次紧扣题目要求，提出号召、感叹、警示等，以便进一步升华主题。表示总结的可用：in general,generally speaking,in a word,all in all,in summary,it istime for us to.等。第16页，本讲稿共55页7.检查与改错。检查与改错。写中考作文难免
13、会出现一些错误，考生的作文往往会在这一方面失分。因此改错这一环节必不可少。检查错误可以从以下几个地方入手：(1)格式是否正确。(2)拼写是否正确。(3)人称、时态、语态是否合适。(4)标点符号的运用是否有误。(5)动词的形式是否正确。第17页，本讲稿共55页8.注意书写工整，卷面整洁。注意书写工整，卷面整洁。从多年参与中考评卷的老师的经验中我们可以得知，卷面是否整洁与得分高低有很大关系。例(2011 年广东)你听说过 Earth Hour 这项活动吗？今年的 Earth Hour 你是 如何度过 的？请你 写一篇题 为“My EarthHour 2011”的短文。内容包括：1你今年参加 Ear
14、th Hour 这个活动了吗？请表达你参加或者没有参加的心情。第18页，本讲稿共55页2请描述你当时在哪里，与谁一起度过，做了什么事。3请列举两件以上你在日常生活中经常做的有利于环保的事。4号召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活动中来。解析本题要求就“地球日”展开写作，要求写到以下四点：自己是否参加了及相应的心情，自己当时在做什么，列举几个生活中做的有利于环保的例子，最后号召大家明年一起加入到该活动中。第19页，本讲稿共55页对于第一点，写作时可以有两种不同的情况。如果参与了活动，可以表达的心情是“高兴的(glad/happy)”、“兴奋的(excited)”，可以用到的句子有“I w
15、as glad/happy/excited to bein.”等；如果没有参与活动，可以表达心情是“觉得可惜的(pity)”，可以用到的句子有“What a pity！”，“Its a pity that.”等。第20页，本讲稿共55页因前面两点存在着内在的联系，因而可以不需要特意的过渡，但举例说明已进入了另一个话题，应适当过渡一下。写作时，可以先说一下为何生活中会做这样的事情，或者先总的说明你做了什么事情，然后用“For example”引出具体的例子。最后的号召又是一个新话题，也应进行过渡。可以先说明一下号召的目的，或者联系上文的举例说明这样做的好处，然后再发出号召，这样就可以让行文流畅。
16、可以用“I think.”，“Bydoing it.”，“If we can.”等语句进行过渡。第21页，本讲稿共55页(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A信息归纳请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，完成下面表格。第22页，本讲稿共55页第23页，本讲稿共55页续表第24页，本讲稿共55页The topic of BBC World Have Your Say today81.The thing that the kid did on the underground82.The time when Mike traveled in Hong Kong83.Wu Peigens age
17、84.People who live with Wu Peigen now85.Information CardLife in China.Eating noodles.14/Fourteen(years old)In January this year./This January.His grandparents.第25页，本讲稿共55页B.书面表达假设你是一名叫李明(Li Ming)的中学生，看了上述故事后，你想表达自己的看法。请你给栏目编辑写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1你对其中的哪一个故事感兴趣？原因是什么？2你对这个故事所提及的现象的看法。3就该现象提出至少两条解决问题的建议。作文要求：
18、1不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。2语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。第26页，本讲稿共55页Dear Editor，I read the stories on BBC World Have Your Say today._Yours，Li Ming第27页，本讲稿共55页参考范文 1：I am interested in Mikes story,because I had the same experiencewhen I traveled in Guangzhou.I cant stand bad manners in pub
19、lic,either.In fact,I really get angry when people jump the queen andsmoke in non-smoking area.I think its wrong to break the rules inpublic.In my opinion,we should know more about goodmanners.On the other hand,we had better stop people around usfrom being rude.If we cant stop them,we can always ask
20、the policeor someone like that for help.第28页，本讲稿共55页参考范文 2：I am interested in Wu Peigens story,because one of my friends isa left-behind child too.He has been living with his grandparents sincehe was six.I can understand how hard life is for left-behindchildren.I think its best for children to grow
21、up under the care oftheir parents.In my opinion,we can join some social groups tooffer help to left-behind children.We can visit and make friendswith them.On the other hand,they should be allowed to go toschool in the city for free.第29页，本讲稿共55页(二)2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A信息归纳请阅读某网站论坛上关于“地球一小时”的文章，根据所提供的信息
22、，完成下列表格。第30页，本讲稿共55页第31页，本讲稿共55页第32页，本讲稿共55页The date of Earth Hour in 201181Alberts job82What Brandon did when it was dark83Who stayed with Mary during the hour84The number of people who talked about their stories85Information CardMarch 26thA waiterHer friendsFour/4He went for a walk.第33页，本讲稿共55页B.书
23、面表达你听说过 Earth Hour 这项活动吗？今年的 Earth Hour 你是如何度过的？请你写一篇题为“My Earth Hour 2011”的短文。内容包括：1.你今年参加 Earth Hour 这个活动了吗？请表达你参加或者没有参加的心情。2.请描述你当时在哪里，与谁一起度过，做了什么事。3.请列举两件以上你在日常生活中经常做的有利于环保的事。4.号召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活动中来。第34页，本讲稿共55页作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。2.语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文的标题、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。第3
24、5页，本讲稿共55页My Earth Hour 2011The Earth Hour was from 8:30 p.m.to 9:30p.m.on Saturday,March 26th this year._I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.第36页，本讲稿共55页参考范文 1：It was a pity that I didnt realize it was Earth Hour until Iwatched news on TV.At that time,I was shopping with
25、my motherat the mall.As a student,I have done lots of things to protect theenvironment.For example,I always carry a cloth bag whileshopping.Besides,I often ride a bike to school instead of taking acar.I think we can care for the earth by doing so.Lets take part inthe Earth Hour next year.第37页，本讲稿共55
26、页参考范文 2：It was the moment my friends and I waited for a long time.Wetalked and played games at home with all the lights off.We wereglad to be in the Earth Hour.As a student,I have done lots of thingsto protect the environment.For example,I always carry a cloth bagwhile shopping.Besides,I often ride
27、a bike to school instead oftaking a car.I think we can care for the earth by doing so.Lets takepart in the Earth Hour next year.第38页，本讲稿共55页(三)2010 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A信息归纳请阅读报纸上发表的一篇关于校园安全的短文，根据所提供的信息，完成下面表格。Safety Activities for Middle School KidsSchool is not the safe place as it used to be.How to keep
28、school safer?How to help students stay away from danger?There第39页，本讲稿共55页are many activities that teachers can do to teach safety in an easyway.Here are some stories from the students who have had thesafety class in No.1 Middle School.Mike_Smith:_About_Sports_SafetyOnce,our head teacher made up a st
29、ory about sports safety.Allwe needed to do was to point out safe and unsafe sports behaviorsin the story.From this lesson,we knew we should always dowarm-up(热 身)activities before playing sports and drink somewater after that.第40页，本讲稿共55页Amy_Young:_About_Classroom_SafetyYes,making up stories is a goo
30、d way to learn and enjoyourselves.We were once asked to make up a story about a boycalled Little Naughty.He always did something naughty(淘气的)in the classroom and got himself into trouble.In this way,welearned to behave(行为)well and get on well with each other.Frank_Green:_About_Fire_SafetyIn our scho
31、ol,we have a fire emergency response practice(火警应急演习)in September every year.So we know where to go ifthere is a fire in school.We learn to use the fire extinguisher(灭火器),too.But I dont think we should be allowed to put out the firealone,its too dangerous for young students like us.第41页，本讲稿共55页The s
32、chool that the students are from81The person who talked about classroom safety82What to drink after playing sports83Time to have fire emergency response practice84The number of the students who talked about school safety85Information Card Amy Young Three/3No.1 Middle SchoolSome water/WaterSeptember
33、every year第42页，本讲稿共55页B.书面表达你觉得你的校园生活安全吗？请你写一篇题为“How toKeep Safe in School”的短文，谈谈你的看法。内容包括：1.描述一件发生在你身上或你看到的发生在校园的意外事件(经过与结果)。2.提出解决这种校园意外事件的建议(至少两条)。3.呼吁每个学生要注意校园安全。第43页，本讲稿共55页作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。如需使用学校名称或学生的姓名，请一律使用Hilltop School 和 Tom。2.语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。第44页，本讲稿共
34、55页How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our school life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough?For example,_第45页，本讲稿共55页参考范文：How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our school life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough?For example,one day,two students ran aftereach other in
35、 the hallway.Suddenly,one of them fell down and hurthis leg because of the wet floor.Therefore,he had to stay in hospitalfor two weeks.So I think students should always walk but not runin the hallways.And the teachers had better keep an eye on thestudents after class and stop them from running.At la
36、st,I hope allthe students should pay attention to their safety in school.第46页，本讲稿共55页STONE FIELD COUNTRY PARKWhere you are together with natureStone Field Country ParkIt is in the south of Guangzhou.The Visitor Centre is open from 9:30 to 16:30 every day.At the centre you can get maps which give inf
37、ormation about the location(位置)of public toilets,car-parks,first-aid stations(急救站),barbecue(BBQ)places places for you to cook food on a fire in the open air,shopping centre and public telephones in the park.Main AttractionsWe are proud of the Plant Garden.You can see thousands of kinds of plants in
38、it.For sports lovers,a visit to our Sport Centre is something that you must do.Have fun with the rope(绳)walks,rock climbing and many other fun.games.A Note to VisitorsPlease remember that fire can only be allowed in the barbecue places,so enjoy your BBQ meals there!Come and enjoy a day full of fun a
39、t Stone Field Country Park!Location81.of Guangzhou Opening hours82.everyday Facilities(设施设施)for visitors83.84.85.first-aid stations,BBQ places,public telephonesMain Attractions86 ,the Plant Garden 第47页，本讲稿共55页Depending on yourself Growing up is not always easyWhen we face difficulties，a spirit of de
40、pending on yourself is more useful than crying for helpThats what Hong Zhanhuis story of growing from boy to man with family hardship tells us Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in Xihua County(县县)，Henan ProvinceWhen he was only 11，his father became badly ill and one day he came back with an unw
41、anted baby girlA year later，Hongs mother left homeShe no longer wanted to live such a poor life and face her sick husbandSo everything hard fell onto the young boys shoulders：to take care of his father and the sister Chenchen，and to go on to study Although his life was hard，Hong didnt go away from h
42、is father and sisterHe worked in parttime jobs to feed his familyHe climbed tall trees to get birdseggs for his sister He walked two hours at weekends to the market to buy different things to sell around his schoolA few years later，he studied at a collegeTo take care of Chenchen，he worked hard to re
43、nt(租租)a room near his college for her，and send her to school After Hongs story went public，he became a hero in peoples eyesBut Hong refused offersfrom othersHe said he felt encouraged by kind offers，but he could depend on his own work Through his hard life，he has grown up from boy to man From：Shangh
44、ai Middle School English OnlineHongs spirit Hongs birthplace Hongs age when his mother left home The distance between Hongs school and the market The way Hong fed his family Hongs spirit Hongs birthplace Hongs age when his mother left home Hongs spirit Hongs birthplace The distance between Hongs sch
45、ool and the market Hongs age when his mother left home Hongs spirit Hongs birthplace The way Hong fed his family The distance between Hongs school and the market Hongs age when his mother left home Hongs spirit Hongs birthplace 第48页，本讲稿共55页Zhang Hongying,girl,14Now our lunch time is short.We cant ha
46、ve a good rest after lunch and most of us feel sleepy in the afternoon.If I were the headmaster,I would make lunch time longer and let the students take a nap after lunch.That way,the students will learn better in the afternoon.Zhao Pengran,girl,15The oral English classes are not enough for us.If I
47、were the headmaster,I would set a day out of every week for everyone to speak English.All the students cant speak Chinese that day.Zhou Jiacheng,boy,15Our school uniforms are the same.If I were the headmaster,I would ask the students to design the uniform themselves.We could have a contest among the
48、m.Then we could ask others to vote for their favorite one.This way,well be able to wear what we like!The person who would like to change the school uniform The age of Zhao Pengran The thing Zhao Pengran wants to change The thing Zhang Hongying wants to change The age of Zhang Hongying 第49页，本讲稿共55页De
49、ar editor,I am really worry about my daughter,Judy.She always thinks she is too fat.She eats only a little rice and some vegetables.And she eats no fish,beef or pork.“Cake”and“desert”are taboo words(忌讳语).The problem is that she is not fat at all.In fact,the doctor says she is thin and unhealthy.But
50、she still believes being thinner will make her pretty.I am afraid that she will be sick before she becomes“pretty”.Could you give some advice to my daughter?1.The food Judy eats2.The food Judy doesnt eat3.The taboo words for Judy4.The words that the doctor says5.What does Judy believe?第50页，本讲稿共55页De