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1、严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。英语翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧加注加注加注加注 由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥补空缺弥补空缺1.1.音译加注音译加注EgEg:cartoon:cartoon 卡通片卡通片 Hamburger Hamburger 汉堡包汉堡包 Benz
2、 Benz 奔驰车奔驰车 cloneclone 克隆(一种无性繁殖方法)克隆(一种无性繁殖方法)sauna sauna 桑那浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴)桑那浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴)hacker hacker 黑客(在信息空间中主动出击,对他人的电脑或网络系统进行诸黑客(在信息空间中主动出击,对他人的电脑或网络系统进行诸如窥探、篡改或盗窃保密的数据及程序的过程,并可能由此造成混乱如窥探、篡改或盗窃保密的数据及程序的过程,并可能由此造成混乱和破坏的电脑迷)和破坏的电脑迷)El NinoEl Nino 厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平
3、洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动)风及海水的大规模移动)BunsenBunsen 本生灯(一种煤气灯)本生灯(一种煤气灯)AIDS AIDS 爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症)爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。(1 1)Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen;and how much more Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen;a
4、nd how much more this poor old nervous victim?this poor old nervous victim?按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚*也会害病。也会害病。*哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神。哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神。(2 2)Big Ben is ringing the hour.Big Ben is ringing the hour.大本钟大本钟*在当当报时。在当当报时。*伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。(3 3)Pizza is my s
5、ons favorite American food Pizza is my sons favorite American food 比萨饼比萨饼*是我儿子最喜欢的美国食品。是我儿子最喜欢的美国食品。*披萨(披萨(PizzaPizza),又译比萨饼、匹萨,是一种发源于意大利的食品,在全球颇受欢迎),又译比萨饼、匹萨,是一种发源于意大利的食品,在全球颇受欢迎。(4 4)New York was never Mecca to me.New York was never Mecca to me.纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加*。麦加麦加(Mecca)(Mecca)是是伊斯兰教伊
6、斯兰教的第一的第一圣地圣地。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。(5 5)Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy.Beam it out Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy.Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a fee and make a s
7、mall fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a fee for watching.Peter Jennings would be obsolete.for watching.Peter Jennings would be obsolete.你拍了一部自认为特别有艺术价值的电视片,那就将此片对外播放,并通过向无数你拍了一部自认为特别有艺术价值的电视片,那就将此片对外播放,并通过向无数的观众收费挣点钱。这样人们就不再需要著名的新闻播音员彼特的观众收费挣点钱。这样人们就不再需要著名的新闻播音员彼特 杰宁斯了。杰宁斯了。(6)Like a
8、son of Bachus,he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath.(6)Like a son of Bachus,he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath.他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。*巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。(7 7)He saw himself,in a smart suit,bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes.He saw
9、himself,in a smart suit,bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes.他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店*一般的豪华旅馆的一般的豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。客房里下榻。*里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹(里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹(1850-19191850-1919)开设,以豪华著称。)开设,以豪华著称。(8 8)A dead leaf fell in Soapys lap.That was Jack Frosts card.A dead leaf fell in Soapys l
10、ap.That was Jack Frosts card.一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克 弗罗斯特弗罗斯特*的名片。的名片。*杰克杰克 弗罗斯特弗罗斯特(Jack Frost)(Jack Frost)是英文里对是英文里对 寒霜寒霜 的拟人称号。的拟人称号。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。2.2.直译加注直译加注EgEg:Big Apple:Big Apple 大苹果(纽约的别称)大苹果(纽约的别称)mad-cow diseasemad-cow disease 疯牛病(牛海绵状脑
11、病)疯牛病(牛海绵状脑病)Oval OfficeOval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)Desert StormDesert Storm 沙漠风暴(沙漠风暴(19911991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打动)动)(1 1)It was Friday*and soon theyd go out and get drunk.It was Friday*and soon theyd go out and get drunk.星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。星期五发薪日到了,他们马上
12、就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。*星期五星期五FridayFriday为英国的发薪日。如不解释,译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什为英国的发薪日。如不解释,译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什 要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。(2 2)While it may seem to be painting the lily,I should like to add somewhatWhile it may seem to be painting the lily,I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cookes excellent articl
13、e.to Mr.Alistair Cookes excellent article.我想给阿利斯太尔我想给阿利斯太尔 库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力力讨好。讨好。*在西方人眼里,百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征,故为百合花上色自然在西方人眼里,百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征,故为百合花上色自然是做徒无益之事。是做徒无益之事。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。(3)Even before they were acquainted,he had a
14、dmired Osborn in (3)Even before they were acquainted,he had admired Osborn in secret.Now he was his valet,his dog,his man Friday.secret.Now he was his valet,his dog,his man Friday.他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他。如今便成了他的听差,他的狗,他他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他。如今便成了他的听差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五的忠仆星期五*。*星期五星期五(Friday)(Friday)是鲁滨逊漂流记故事中是鲁滨逊漂
15、流记故事中Robinson CrusoeRobinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆。的忠实奴仆。(4 4)The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle.Newcastle.刚下一场及时雨,那人却又为草坪浇水,真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔,多此一举。刚下一场及时雨,那人却又为草坪浇水,真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔,多此一举。*纽卡斯尔:英国煤都。纽卡斯尔:英国煤都。(5
16、5)I am as poor as Job,my lord,but not so patient.I am as poor as Job,my lord,but not so patient.我象约伯一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐心。我象约伯一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐心。*在圣经中,约伯以忍耐贫穷著称。在圣经中,约伯以忍耐贫穷著称。(6 6)Oh!Tell us about her.Auntie,cried imogen.I can just Oh!Tell us about her.Auntie,cried imogen.I can just remember her.S
17、hes the skeleton in the family cupboard,isnt she?remember her.Shes the skeleton in the family cupboard,isnt she?“哦,给我们讲一讲她的事儿吧,好姑姑,哦,给我们讲一讲她的事儿吧,好姑姑,”伊莫根嚷嚷道,伊莫根嚷嚷道,“我几乎记不得我几乎记不得她她了,她是咱们家衣橱里的骷髅,丑得见不得人,是吗?了,她是咱们家衣橱里的骷髅,丑得见不得人,是吗?严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧-
18、释义释义释义释义释义(释义(paraphraseparaphrase)是指舍弃原文中的具体形象,直接解释出原文的意思。是指舍弃原文中的具体形象,直接解释出原文的意思。EgEg:as drunk as a fiddler:as drunk as a fiddler 酩酊大醉(在古英格兰酩酊大醉(在古英格兰,民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞蹈伴奏民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞蹈伴奏,人们往往以人们往往以酒酬谢酒酬谢,因此往往会喝得大醉因此往往会喝得大醉.后人用此成语时后人用此成语时,常常重意不重形与典常常重意不重形与典,因此因此,不必直译为不必直译为 “像小提琴手一样酩酊大醉像小提琴手一样酩酊大醉”,采用释
19、义法即可采用释义法即可.)as rich as Croesus as rich as Croesus 十分富有十分富有(Croesus(Croesus 是公元是公元6 6世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王,十分富有十分富有.如直译为如直译为 像科里瑟斯一样富有像科里瑟斯一样富有,倒让读者十分费解倒让读者十分费解,因为读者不知因为读者不知 科里瑟斯科里瑟斯 为何许为何许人人,并且后人用此词时并且后人用此词时,常常意重于典常常意重于典,所以不如释义为所以不如释义为 十分富有十分富有,简单明简单明白白.).)bring down the house bring down the house
20、 全场喝彩全场喝彩(不能直译为不能直译为 把房子都弄倒了把房子都弄倒了)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。(1 1)Its not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who Its not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend,not just every Tom,Dick,and Harry.have pl
21、enty of money to spend,not just every Tom,Dick,and Harry.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事要参加那个俱乐部并非易事他们只吸收手头阔绰的人,而不是普通百他们只吸收手头阔绰的人,而不是普通百姓。姓。(Tom,Dick,HarryTom,Dick,Harry都是英美常见的人名,这里泛指任何人,相当于汉都是英美常见的人名,这里泛指任何人,相当于汉语中的语中的“张三、李四、王五张三、李四、王五”。所以,这里不宜直译为。所以,这里不宜直译为“汤姆、迪克、哈里汤姆、迪克、哈里”。)。)(2 2)A Red Light for Scofflaws A Red L
22、ight for Scofflaws 玩忽法令之风不可长!玩忽法令之风不可长!(这是美国(这是美国TimeTime时代周刊时代周刊19831983年一篇文章的标题。年一篇文章的标题。red lightred light本意是红本意是红灯,指停车信号、危险信号。文中指出美国社会中蔑视法令的现象已到了触灯,指停车信号、危险信号。文中指出美国社会中蔑视法令的现象已到了触目惊心的地步,必须采取措施加以制止。译成目惊心的地步,必须采取措施加以制止。译成“玩忽法令之风不可长玩忽法令之风不可长”一目了一目了然,言简意明。)然,言简意明。)(3 3)As with Black Power the burgeo
23、ning Red Power movement has two As with Black Power the burgeoning Red Power movement has two components,one cultural,the other ponents,one cultural,the other political.象黑人权力一样,正在蓬勃兴起的印地安人权力运动包括文化运动和政治运象黑人权力一样,正在蓬勃兴起的印地安人权力运动包括文化运动和政治运动两个部分。动两个部分。(这里(这里Red PowerRed Power显然是从显然是从Black PowerBlack Powe
24、r黑权主义,黑权运动黑权主义,黑权运动 类比出来的。如果译者不释明其义,而直译为类比出来的。如果译者不释明其义,而直译为“红色权力红色权力”,读者定会把它理解,读者定会把它理解为为“红色政权红色政权 或或*党权力党权力。)。)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧翻译技巧-增词增词增词增词 英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习当的
25、增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯。但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。惯。但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。1.1.为了语法上的需要为了语法上的需要2.2.英语中没有量词,汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词。英语中没有量词,汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词。EgEg:(1)To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.:(1)To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.东南方呈现一抹浅红,正在向远处
26、扩展。东南方呈现一抹浅红,正在向远处扩展。(2)The sun rose thinly from the sea.(2)The sun rose thinly from the sea.一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。(3)A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.(3)A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river.一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。(4)I was extr
27、emely worried about her,but this was neither the place(4)I was extremely worried about her,but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替他万分担忧,但此时此地既不宜教训她一番,也不宜与她争论一通。我真替他万分担忧,但此时此地既不宜教训她一番,也不宜与她争论一通。(5)It was a nova!(5)It was a
28、 nova!这是一颗新星!这是一颗新星!严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。uu英语动词有时、体的变化、有语气,而汉语动词却没有对等的表现形式,翻译英语动词有时、体的变化、有语气,而汉语动词却没有对等的表现形式,翻译时常常须增加一些表示时体和语气的词才行。时常常须增加一些表示时体和语气的词才行。EgEg:(1)I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection,but it seems it:(1)I had imagined it to be merely a
29、gesture of affection,but it seems it isis to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示,但是现在看来,这是为了闻一闻羊羔原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表示,但是现在看来,这是为了闻一闻羊羔 的味道,来断定是不是自己生的。的味道,来断定是不是自己生的。(2)I was,and remain,grateful for the part he played in my r
30、elease.(2)I was,and remain,grateful for the part he played in my release.我的获释是他成全的,对此我过去很感激,现在仍然很感激。我的获释是他成全的,对此我过去很感激,现在仍然很感激。(3)The old man said,They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was(3)The old man said,They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was as poor as we are.as poor as we are.
31、老人说:老人说:听人说,从前他父亲是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。听人说,从前他父亲是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。“(4)The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.(4)The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.原来老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼,所以孩子很爱他。原来老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼,所以孩子很爱他。(5)English prose is elaborate rather than simple.It was not a
32、lways so(5)English prose is elaborate rather than simple.It was not always so现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴,过去却并非总是如此。现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴,过去却并非总是如此。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。uu英语的可数名词有单复数之别,汉语则没有。翻译时常常有必要增词以便传达英语的可数名词有单复数之别,汉语则没有。翻译时常常有必要增词以便传达这一含义。这一含义。EgEg:(1)The lion is the king of animals.:
33、(1)The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。狮子是百兽之王。(2)I saw bubbles rising from under the water.(2)I saw bubbles rising from under the water.我看见一个个水泡从水下升我看见一个个水泡从水下升 起。起。(3)The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur(3)The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murm
34、ur ofof angry men.angry men.连大地都震动了,仿佛万马奔腾,千夫怒吼。连大地都震动了,仿佛万马奔腾,千夫怒吼。(4)The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the(4)The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.valley.群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。(5)An individual human existence should be like a riv
35、er-small at first,(5)An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first,narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past narrowly contained within its banks,and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.boulders and over waterfalls.一个人的一生可以比作一条河流:开始身躯很小
36、,两岸之间非常狭窄,水流湍急,一个人的一生可以比作一条河流:开始身躯很小,两岸之间非常狭窄,水流湍急,冲过砾石,飞下悬瀑。冲过砾石,飞下悬瀑。严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。uu英语中常用省略句,翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯,作些适当的增补。英语中常用省略句,翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯,作些适当的增补。EgEg:(1)I judge I would saw out and leave that night if pap got drunk enough,:(1)I judge I would saw out and
37、leave that night if pap got drunk enough,and I reckoned he would.and I reckoned he would.我猜那天晚上爸要是醉得够厉害的,我就可以锯完那个洞钻出去,我算计着他是会醉我猜那天晚上爸要是醉得够厉害的,我就可以锯完那个洞钻出去,我算计着他是会醉得够呛的。(增补得够呛的。(增补he wouldhe would后省略的成分)后省略的成分)(2)She ate little.Food sickened her,and I think much of life too.(2)She ate little.Food sic
38、kened her,and I think much of life too.她吃得很少;她厌恶食物,我觉得她也厌恶生活。她吃得很少;她厌恶食物,我觉得她也厌恶生活。(3)When I turned around,John was grinning,expectant,studying my face(3)When I turned around,John was grinning,expectant,studying my face intently to see if he had pleased me.He had.intently to see if he had pleased me
39、.He had.我转过身,只见约翰正咧着嘴笑,满脸期待的神情;他热切的目光想从我的脸上探我转过身,只见约翰正咧着嘴笑,满脸期待的神情;他热切的目光想从我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。(增补明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。(增补he hadhe had后被省略的部分)后被省略的部分)(4)Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift(4)Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift ava
40、rice.avarice.勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;疼爱过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。(增补被省掉的勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;疼爱过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。(增补被省掉的 in excess becomesin excess becomes)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。2.2.为了意义上的需要为了意义上的需要 uu英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词,使译文意思明确,英译汉有时有必要增加合适的动词、形容词或副词,使译文意思明确,EgEg:(1)When I came to I was in the
41、water,swimming automatically,though I:(1)When I came to I was in the water,swimming automatically,though I was about two thirds drowned.was about two thirds drowned.当我清醒过来时,发觉自己在水里,虽然浸得半死,却本能地浮着。(增补动词)当我清醒过来时,发觉自己在水里,虽然浸得半死,却本能地浮着。(增补动词)(原文虽然没有原文虽然没有“发觉发觉”,但译者根据上下文增补了它,使译文意思更加明确、表达,但译者根据上下文增补了它,使译文意
42、思更加明确、表达通通顺。顺。)(2)He doubtlessly expected hugs,(2)He doubtlessly expected hugs,tablefulstablefuls of food,tears,laughter,and of food,tears,laughter,and conversation followed by more conversation,then hugs and more hugs all conversation followed by more conversation,then hugs and more hugs all over a
43、gain,without end.over again,without end.毫无疑问,他以为会有热烈的拥抱,满桌的食物,激动的泪水,欢乐的笑声,一段毫无疑问,他以为会有热烈的拥抱,满桌的食物,激动的泪水,欢乐的笑声,一段接一段的谈话,一次又一次的拥抱,没完没了。(译文中增加了三个相应的形容接一段的谈话,一次又一次的拥抱,没完没了。(译文中增加了三个相应的形容词,形象地描绘出他想象中的欢乐场景,使意思更加明确,表达更加生动。)词,形象地描绘出他想象中的欢乐场景,使意思更加明确,表达更加生动。)(3)In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts
44、and the table tennis(3)In the evening,after the banquets,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final exhibitions,he would work on the drafting of the final communiquecommunique.晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。严格执行突发事件上报
45、制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。uu有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词有时为了意思明确还必须增加合适的名词或是重复同一名词EgEg:These early cars were slow,clumsy,and inefficient.:These early cars were slow,clumsy,and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢,行动笨拙,效率不高。(译文中在形容词前分别加上了这些早期的汽车速度缓慢,行动笨拙,效率不高。(译文中在形容词前分别加上了三个名词,既使译文意思明确,又使它形成四字词
46、组,匀称整齐。)三个名词,既使译文意思明确,又使它形成四字词组,匀称整齐。)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。uu英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时也可根据上下文英语中有一些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词,翻译时也可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词,使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。在其后增加适当的名词,使译文意思明确、符合汉语的表达习惯。EgEg:darkness:darkness 漆黑一团漆黑一团 madnessmadness 疯狂行为疯狂行为 complacencycomplacency 自满情
47、绪自满情绪 backwardness backwardness 落后状态落后状态 (1)After all preparations were made,the planes were flown across the(1)After all preparations were made,the planes were flown across the U.S.to San Francisco.U.S.to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。(2)Recourse to arms is not the bes
48、t solution to a quarrel between(2)Recourse to arms is not the best solution to a quarrel between countries.countries.国与国之间的争端诉诸武力,并不是最好的解决方法。国与国之间的争端诉诸武力,并不是最好的解决方法。uu有时也有必要增加适当的连词有时也有必要增加适当的连词 EgEg:Without a sense of your fault,how can repentance and amendment be:Without a sense of your fault,how c
49、an repentance and amendment be expected expected?如果对自己的错误都不认识,怎么能悔恨和改正呢?(增补如果对自己的错误都不认识,怎么能悔恨和改正呢?(增补“如果如果”使得原含蓄使得原含蓄条条件句中的隐性含义明白无误。)件句中的隐性含义明白无误。)严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活动报批制度等相关规章制度。做到及时发现、制止、汇报并处理各类违纪行为或突发事件。3.3.为了修辞上的需要为了修辞上的需要为了使译文优美自如、活泼生动或是得到强调,为了使译文优美自如、活泼生动或是得到强调,有时有必要重复某些词语或是增加适当的描述词、语气助词、重叠词、有时有必
50、要重复某些词语或是增加适当的描述词、语气助词、重叠词、承上启下的词、概括词。承上启下的词、概括词。EgEg:(1)Poor little tender heart!And so it goes on hoping and beating,and:(1)Poor little tender heart!And so it goes on hoping and beating,and longing and trusting.longing and trusting.可怜这温柔的小姑娘,一颗心抖簌簌的跳个不停,她左盼右盼,一直想可怜这温柔的小姑娘,一颗心抖簌簌的跳个不停,她左盼右盼,一直想念情人,