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1、四四级级考考试试概况概况四四级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍 试卷构成试卷构成 试卷构成（共卷构成（共710710分）分）写作写作 15%听力理解听力理解35%35%阅读理解阅读理解35%35%翻译翻译15%15%所占分值比例为所占分值比例为15%15%考试时间考试时间3030分钟分钟提供的信息提供的信息提纲提纲、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表120-180120-180字字写作写作 听力（听力（30minutes30minutes）短篇短篇新新闻闻 3 3段段 长对话长对话 2 2篇篇 听力篇章听力篇章 3 3篇
2、篇 阅读（4040分分钟）5%5%10%10%20%20%选词填空选词填空 匹配题匹配题 选择题单选选择题单选 词汇理解词汇理解 长篇阅读长篇阅读 仔细阅读仔细阅读 翻翻 译 段落翻译段落翻译（汉译英）（汉译英）15%15%3030分钟分钟选词填选词填选词填选词填空空空空 篇章长度为篇章长度为篇章长度为篇章长度为200-250200-250200-250200-250词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正
3、确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。匹配题匹配题匹配题匹配题采用采用采用采用1 1 1 1篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约1000100010001000词。阅读词。阅读词。阅读词。阅读速度约每分钟速度约每分钟速度约每分钟速度约每分钟100100100100词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有10101010个句子，每句个句子，每句个句子，每句个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所
4、含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。选择题选择题选择题选择题2 2 2 2篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为300-350300-350300-350300-350词。词。词。词。阅读阅读01选词选词填空填空题题型型简简介介02选词选词填
5、空解填空解题题步步骤骤和技巧和技巧03真真题题分析分析04平平时时如何提高如何提高选词选词填空技能填空技能选词填空选词填空01近近义词义词辨析不多辨析不多02固定搭配不多固定搭配不多03词词性辨析比性辨析比较较容易容易04首句不首句不设设空；一句不空；一句不设设两空两空选词填空选词填空特点特点01第一句第一句话话完整，常完整，常为为句子大意句子大意021515选选1010，常考名，常考名词词，动词动词，副，副词词，形，形容容词词03关关键键是从是从语语法角度确定法角度确定选词处选词处的的词词性，性，然后然后进进行辨行辨别别04篇章篇章选词选词=语语法法+词词性性选词填空选词填空考点考点01通读
6、全文02整理选项03选词填空04复读全文，谨慎调整选词填空的解题步骤第一步：通读全文第一步：通读全文(1分钟分钟)通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90%的文章内容。要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意空格前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。第二步：整理选项第二步：整理选项标出15 个选项的词性，名词前写n,动词前写 v 等等。目前四级考试只考实词中的四种：名词,动词，形容词，副词。不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词,介词,连词,感叹词）标注词性时注意的问题标注词性时注意的问题1.不认识的单词看词缀2.认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样
7、性（比如challenge,change,display作名词和动词都很常见，都要标出来）3.动词归类要分为V.V-ed.V-ing。根据语法判断具体的形式。4.选项中出现一组近义词或者反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解。标词性时的切入点是后缀，也就是词尾。以-ion,-age,-ness,-ship,-ance,-ence,-ency,-dom结尾的大都是名词；以-ize,-ise,-fy结尾的大都是动词；以-ive,-ent,-ful,-ous,-ble,-cal,-less结尾的是大都是形容词；以-ly结尾的大都是副词。eg:exclusively 唯一地；专有
8、地 relatively 相当地；相对地 (2017.06)abnormal反常的，不规则的 briefly slightly traditional (2016)第三步：选词填空第三步：选词填空1.判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性，缩小正确选项的范围（1）动词的确定In particular,when older patients _(complain)of pain,they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Thats why a growing numb
9、er of hospitals now depend on physicians who _(specialize)in pain medicine.(2)名词的确定名词主要做主语/宾语形容词或名词都可以修饰名词限定词（the,this,that,a,my之类）后必有名词介词后面必有名词或相当于名词的词定语从句前面是名词Education soon became a _.(nightmare)As the trade lessen in_.(strength)（3）形容词的确定名词的前面.women are _ customers.副词的后面EI Nino brought the most _
10、 weather in modern history.(4)副词的确定1.动词的附近（前面或后面）.students_outperform their peers.jobs that used to be done _ by women.2.形容词的前面.but they are still not _ sure what leads to it.3.句子的前面Not _,the jury found them both guilty.第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺，内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，需要谨慎的微作调整。选项形
11、式词义A）cautiously副词小心地，谨慎地 ksliB）commit动词原形做，犯，保证 kmt C）control动词原形，不可数名词控制，支配D）cycling动名词，动词现在分词骑自行车E）effectively副词有效地，实际上F）increased动词过去式，过去分词，形容词增加，上升的G）involved动词过去式，过去分词涉及，包含 H）limited动词过去式，过去分词，形容词限制，局限，有限的I）phenomenon可数名词单数现象 fnmnn J）preventing动名词，动词现在分词阻止，防止K）sensitive形容词敏感的L）slowing动名词，现在分词，形
12、容词减缓，缓慢的M）solution可数名词单数解决方案，溶液 N）sufficient形容词足够的 sfntO）vigorous形容词有活力的 vrs选项形式词义A）cautiously副词小心地，谨慎地 ksliB）commit动词原形做，犯，保证 kmt C）control动词原形，不可数名词控制，支配D）cycling动名词，动词现在分词骑自行车E）effectively副词有效地，实际上F）increased动词过去式，过去分词，形容词增加，上升的G）involved动词过去式，过去分词涉及，包含 H）limited动词过去式，过去分词，形容词限制，局限，有限的I）phenomeno
13、n可数名词单数现象 fnmnn J）preventing动名词，动词现在分词阻止，防止K）sensitive形容词敏感的L）slowing动名词，现在分词，形容词减缓，缓慢的M）solution可数名词单数解决方案，溶液 N）sufficient形容词足够的 sfntO）vigorous形容词有活力的 vrs名词动词形容词副词C）controlB）commitK）sensitiveA）cautiouslyI）phenomenonC）controlH）limitedE）effectivelyM）solutionD）cyclingL）slowingF）increasedN）sufficientG)
14、involvedO）vigorousH）limitedF）increasedJ）preventingL）slowing As if you needed another reason to hate the gym,it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles,but also your eyes.Fear not,however,for coffee can stimulate them again.During 1vigorous exercise,our muscles tire as they run
15、out of fuel and build up waste products.Muscle performance can also be affected by a 2phenomenon called central fatigue,in which an imbalance in the bodys chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements 3effectively.It was not known,however,whether central fat
16、igue might also affect motor systems not directly 4involved in the exercise itselfsuch as those that move the eyes.To find out,researchers gave 11 volunteers a carbohydrate 5solution either with a moderate dose of caffeinewhich is known to stimulate the central nervous systemor as a placebo without,
17、during 3 hours of 6cycling.After exercising,the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still 7control their visual system.The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%,8preventing their ability to capture new vi
18、sual information.The caffeinethe equivalent of two strong cups of coffeewas 9sufficient to counteract this effect,with some cyclists even displaying 10increased eye movement speeds,the team reports today in Scientific Reports.So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after tha
19、t marathon.平时如何提高选词填空技能平时如何提高选词填空技能1.掌握词汇的多样性特征2.了解词缀知识，扩充词汇量3.关注词汇之间的常用搭配4.分析语篇内的逻辑关系5.提高自己分析复合句的语法技能非谓语非谓语一、过去分词1.作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的被动和完成，不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。a.单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，做前置定语 spoken language developed country fallen leavesWe must adapt our thinkin
20、g to the changed conditions.b.过去分词短语则要位于名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句The gases sent into the air by the chemical works are poison.The concert given by their friends was a success.2.作表语动词的过去分词作表语，其实可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed.The library is now closed.Dont get excited.3.作状语动词的过去分词作状语表示时间、原
21、因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种动词的过去分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句.动词的过去分词作状语表示被动和动作的完成Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.Lost in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.Seen from the hill,the town looks magnificent.Completed,the canal will connect the river with the lake.Given more time,I would have done much better
22、.Even if invited,I wouldnt go.Though defeated again and again,they went on fighting.4.作宾语补足语要求用动词过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类：a.感官动词see hear watch notice observe find feel When he arrived home,Tom found his dog killed.I heard the song sung in English.b.使役动词have get let keep leave makeYour car works much better
23、now.Have you got/had it repaired?Dont leave those things undone.c.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等think/consider want like wish declare orderI consider the matter settled.I wanted two tickets reserved.三、现在分词1.现在分词的用法a.作表语The news is surprising.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting,interesting,enco
24、uraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling.b.作定语下面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词That must have been a terrifying experience.I found him a charming person.现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句There are a few boys swimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside.c.作状语现在分词短语可以表示伴随的动作Opening the drawer,he t
25、ook out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket,he opened the door.现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Returning home,he began to do his homework.Having found a hotel,we looked for somewhere
26、 to have dinner.d.作宾补现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如,see,hear,catch,find,keep,have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)从语态上来区别1在语态上现在分词无论是及物动词或不及物动词，一般都表示主动的意思。Do you know the woman talking to T
27、om?=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?Entering the city,they saw a lot of soldiers marching.=When they entered the city,they saw a lot of soldiers marching.2及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动。The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.=The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.Seen f
28、rom the top of the hill,the city is more beautiful.=If it is seen from the top of the hill,the city is more beautiful.(2)从时态上来区别及物动词：现在分词：表正在进行的动作。过去分词：表示已经完成的动作。不及物动词：现在分词：表进行的意思。过去分词：表示完成的意思，而非表被动China is a developing country and America is a developed country.=China is a country that is developin
29、g and America is a country that has developed.(developed countries发达国家 Underdeveloped countries 不发达国家 developing countries发展中国家)词汇词汇performancen.form=形成形成form系列词汇串讲系列词汇串讲performinforminformationperformervnformalinformalformulaadjn.adjuniformtransformplatformnb.形近词形近词1.放在一起放在一起 2.比较不同点以联想比较不同点以联想comm
30、erce kms n.(尤指国际间的)贸易;商业;商务commence kmens v.开始发生;开始;着手suspectsubwayexpectexitrespectrespectiveinspectinspectorinspectionsu=下ex=向外向外adj.spect=看看n.n.ins=向里向里前缀表方向前缀表方向aspectcircum=圆形circumstancecircumspectnprospectprospectiveprogresspro=往前adjspectatororspectacularspectrumspeculatespectaclescontact lensnadjv.spect=看看n.spectacle后缀表词性后缀表词性audienceobjectiveperspectivennforumngenius“牛牛”天才天才genuinegenuinelynadj.gene=基因基因adv.词根词缀法词根词缀法ingeniousgenerategeneratoringenuousvadjgenerationnngenerous