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1、2021/8/11 星期三1语法指南动词-ing形式做状语动词-ing做状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的,或是先于谓语动词的动作发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词-ing做状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果,多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。1.做时间状语动词-ing表示的动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生(动词-ing短语多置于句首),如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。Seeing the old picture,I couldnt hel
2、p thinking of my happy childhood.一看到这张旧照片,我不禁想起我愉快的童年。2021/8/11 星期三2语法指南动词-ing表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时,动词-ing前多加while或when,如:When entering his house,he immediately sensed something unusual.当进入房子时,他立刻感觉到有事情不对。While walking along the street,he met Liu Ping,an old schoolmate.当他在大街上散步时,碰到了他的一个老校友刘萍。动词-ing动作
3、发生在主句谓语动词发生的动作之前。此时应用having+过去分词,如:Having cleaned the rooms,we began to weed the garden.打扫完房间后,我们开始在花园里除草。Having struggled for months,he finally found a good job.经过几个月的奋斗之后,他终于找到了一份好工作。2021/8/11 星期三3语法指南2.做条件状语(一般放在句首)Working hard,youll surely succeed.如果你努力工作,你就会成功。Knowing anything about it,I will l
4、et you know.如果知道有关此事的任何情况,我会告诉你的。3.做原因状语(多放在句首)Being excited,she couldnt say a word.由于激动,她一句话也说不出来。Not knowing the language and having no friends in the country,he found it impossible to get a job.不懂这个国家的语言,在这又没有多少朋友,他觉得不可能找到工作。2021/8/11 星期三4语法指南4.做方式或伴随状语(多放在句尾)They show disagreement shaking their
5、heads.他们摇头表示不同意。They came into the classroom,talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走进了教室。5.做让步状语(通常放在句首)Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasnt tried her best.尽管认同她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没尽最大努力。Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.尽管他学习很努力,但考试还是没及格。2021/8/11 星期三5语法指南6.做结果状语The global financial crisis is
6、 spreading throughout the world,making a lot of factories closed.全球金融危机在全世界蔓延,结果使很多工厂关闭。He fell down from the tall tree,breaking his legs.他从那棵高树上摔了下来,结果把腿摔断了。注意:(1)若强调动词-ing表示的动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生,则用动词-ing的完成式,即having+过去分词,其否定形式为not having+过去分词。Having finished his work,he went home.完成工作后,他回家了。Not having
7、got a reply,she decided to write to him again.由于没有得到答复,她决定再给他写封信。2021/8/11 星期三6语法指南(2)在绝大多数情况下,动词-ing做状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语是一致的。但有时现在分词与主句主语不一致,其前面有一名词或代词做它的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的动词-ing形式为独立主格结构。Time permitting,Ill go there to see you.如果时间允许的话,我将去那里看你。The meeting being over,we all left the hall in a hurry and went
8、 home.会议结束后,我们都匆匆离开大厅回家了。(3)有少数动词-ing并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度。Judging from his accent,he may be from Beijing.从口音上判断,他可能来自北京。Generally speaking,girls care more for clothes than boys.一般说来,女孩比男孩更注重着装。2021/8/11 星期三7语法指南(4)当分词已转化成介词或连词,此时也无须考虑与主句主语的关系。Supposing it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假设明天下雨,我们该怎么办?(supposing为连词,意为“假如,如果”)Considering his age,he did it quite well.鉴于他的年龄,他做得很好了。(considering为介词,意为“鉴于”)再如,过去分词用作介词的情况:Given their inexperience,theyve done a good job.鉴于他们没有经验,这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词,意为“鉴于”。)2021/8/11 星期三82021/8/11 星期三9