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1、Lesson 3 Overview of Engineering Mechanics TerminologyText tour 1/23/20231机械工程专业英语教程Terminology1/23/20232机械工程专业英语教程Interactive Acting or capable of acting on each other互相作用的或能互相作用的Iterative Characterized by or involving repetition,recurrence,reiteration,or repetitiousness重复的,反复的,迭代的：以反复、循环、重述或重复为特征的
2、，或与之相关的Pinpoint 精确地定位或确认To locate or identify with precision精确地定位或确认机械工程专业英语教程1/23/2023Equilibrium A condition in which all acting influences are canceled by others,resulting in a stable,balanced,or unchanging system 平衡，均衡：一种所有动作的影响都互相抵消，整个系统处于平稳的、均势的、不变的状态。Tractable Easily handled or worked易于处理或操作的
3、Order of magnitude A range of values between a designated lower value and an upper value ten times as large,such as the masses of Earth and the sun differ by five orders of magnitude数量级：处于相差10倍的两个数值之间的那一段数值的范围。例如，地球与太阳的质量相差五个数量级。3As we look around us we see a world full of“things”:Machines,devices,t
4、ools;things that we have designed,built,and used;things made of wood,metals,ceramics,and plastics.We know from experience that some things are better than others;they last longer,cost less,are quieter,look better,or are easier to use.机械工程专业英语教程1/23/2023Text tour4Ideally,however,every such item has b
5、een designed according to some set of“functional requirements”as perceived by the designersthat is,it has been designed so as to answer the question,“Exactly what function should it perform?”1 1.so as to 意为“使得，如此，以至于”。全句可译为：然而，在理想的情况下，每一件产品都是设计人员根据其对某些“功能要求”的理解而设计出来的，也就是说，在设计过程中，应该回答这样的问题，即“它应该具有那种确
6、切的功能？”机械工程专业英语教程1/23/20235(1)The development of any new device requires an interactive,iterative consideration of form,size,materials,loads,durability,safety,and cost.(2)When a device fails(unexpectedly)it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause of failure and to identify poten
7、tial corrective measures.2 2.carry out 意为“进行，完成”，correct measure 意为“改正措施”。全句可译为：当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。机械工程专业英语教程1/23/20236In any“real”problem there is never sufficient good,useful information;we seldom know the actual loads and operating conditions with any precision,and the anal
8、yses are seldom exact.3 While our mathematics may be precise,the overall analysis is generally only approximate,and different skilled people can obtain different solutions.3.operating condition 意为“工作状态，工作条件”。全句可译为：对于任何实际的问题，总是缺乏足够完整和有用的信息。我们很少准确地知道实际荷载和工作状态，因此，所做的分析工作也很少是精确的。机械工程专业英语教程1/23/20237In e
9、ngineering mechanics,we appreciate the various types of approximations that are inherent in any real problem:4be inherent in 意为“为所固有，是的固有性质”。全句可译为：在工程力学中，我们非常重视与实际问题本质有关的各种类型的近似方法。Primarily,we will be discussing things which are in“equilibrium,”i.e.,not accelerating.However,if we look closely enough
10、,everything is accelerating.We will consider many structural members to be“weightless”but they never are.We will deal with forces that act at a“point”but all forces act over an area.We will consider some parts to be“rigid”but all bodies will deform under load.8机械工程专业英语教程1/23/2023Generally there is n
11、o clear method to determine how completely,or how precisely,to treat a problem:If our analysis is too simple,we may not get a pertinent answer;if our analysis is too detailed,we may not be able to obtain any answer.It is usually preferable to start with a relatively simple analysis and then add more detail as required to obtain a practical solution.9机械工程专业英语教程1/23/2023