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1、现在分词和过去分词的用法异同第1页，本讲稿共18页 现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。上侧重于主动。上侧重于
2、主动。上侧重于主动。这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：种句子成份中。细述如下：第2页，本讲稿共18页一、分词作定语一、分词作定语一、分词作定语一、分词作定语 共同点：共同点：共同点：共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。它的作用相当于一个定语从句。不同点：不同点：不同
3、点：不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。第3页，本讲稿共18页1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.fol
4、lowing C.to be followed D.being followed简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选选B。2.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.
5、to be first played C.first played D.to be playing简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此，该题应因此，该题应选选C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spok
6、en D.to speak简析：该题应简析：该题应选选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken第4页，本讲稿共18页4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited5.Most of the a
7、rtists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句who were invited6.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.ope
8、ned 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替代替7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达
9、被动，等于定语从句测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written第5页，本讲稿共18页二、分词作表语二、分词作表语二、分词作表语二、分词作表语 共同点：共同点：共同点：共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。的作用。不同点：不同点：不同点：不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；
10、而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。第6页，本讲稿共18页1.This news sounds _.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关来说应是主动关系，即这个消
11、息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选选A。2.-How did Bob do in the exams this time?-Well,his father seems _ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please 简析：首先简析：首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词;再根据再根据 his father 对于动词对于动词 please 来说应是来说应是被动关系被动关系,
12、即这个结果使他的父亲高兴即这个结果使他的父亲高兴;换言之换言之,他的父亲因为受到这他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应该题应选选C。3.-How did the audience receive the new play?-They got very _.A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。第7页，本讲稿共18页三、分词作宾语补足语三、分词作宾语补足语三、分词作宾语补足语三、分词作宾语补足语 共同点：共同点：共同点：共
13、同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：不同点：不同点：不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。第8页，本讲稿共1
14、8页1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明补充说明宾语宾语 the man;再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系来说应是主动关系,而且而且,lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此同时进行。因此,该题应该题应选选A。2.-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like
15、 to have the package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说明宾语补充说明宾语 the package;再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh 来说来说,只能是被动关系。因只能是被动关系。因此，该题应此，该题应选选D。第9页，本讲稿共18页3.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five
16、 days.A.sail B.sailing C.to sail D.to have sailed 简析简析:该题应该题应选选B。测试动词测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词,Peter 是动名词的逻是动名词的逻辑主语。辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 简析简析:该题应该题应选选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾
17、补表示宾语正发出的动作。第10页，本讲稿共18页四、分词作状语四、分词作状语四、分词作状语四、分词作状语 共同点：共同点：共同点：共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。原因、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：不同点：不同点：不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动词所表示的动作同时发生；而
18、过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。第11页，本讲稿共18页1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据据 European football 对于对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本来说
19、应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选选A。2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选C。测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not。若动作若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3.The visiting Minister
20、expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。第12页，本讲稿共18页4.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily poin
21、ting 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。进行干扰。若若B 答案为答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。时也对。另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把该分词看成介此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。词的宾语补足语。)例例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _
22、 behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie 来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应选选D。第13页，本讲稿共18页1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job.A.him to give up B.him to have given up
23、C.his giving up D.his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman.A.her marry B.her to marry C.her being married D.her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left.A.there being not B.there not being C.not there being D.there was not4.If you think a letter is too s
24、low,why not _ a telegram?A.try to have sent B.trying to send C.to try to send D.try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today.A.in seeing B.to seeing C.of seeing D.about seeing 第14页，本讲稿共18页6.I know you like _.Would you like _ with me now?A.to swim,to swim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,to swim D.to sw
25、im,swimming7.Before _,the machine must be checked.A.being used B.using it C.being used to D.using 8.To give up _ means _.A.smoking,stopping smoking B.smoking,to stop smoking C.to smoke,to stop to smoke D.to smoke,stopping to smoke9.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time
26、.A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.being read 10.“What has made you so upset?”“_ my new bike.”A.Lost B.Because of losing C.Since I lost D.Losing 第15页，本讲稿共18页11.I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A.to take B.taking C.having taking D.having been taken 12.Some foreigner used to _ on the left
27、 in their own countries,but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.He remained _ there,for he grew _ in many things there.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.to stay,interest D.stayed,interested14.It is impor
28、tant for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A.being understood B.to be understood C.understand D.understood15._ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings.A.To plant,p
29、ollute B.Planting,to pollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting 第16页，本讲稿共18页16.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 17.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking18.“The light in the office
30、is still on.”“Oh,I forgot _.”A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off19.“I must apologize for _ ahead of time.”“Thats all right.”A.letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.letting you know not D.letting not you know20.It happened _ when I left the station,so I had t
31、o wait until the rain stopped.A.to be raining B.to have rained C.to rain D.raining 第17页，本讲稿共18页21._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given22.Climbing mountains was _,so we all felt _.A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired23.The
32、 _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following;following B.followed;followed C.following;followed D.followed;following24._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more magnificent.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen25.Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;taken C.looked;took D.looking;taking 第18页，本讲稿共18页