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1、大学英语四级考试写作讲座内容提要v四级写作应达到的水平v四级作文评分标准v作文条理性及相关句式v写作模板写作一般要求写作一般要求我能填写常见表格如注册表、申请表、问卷调查表等。我能写给或回复他人祝贺卡、生日卡、邀请信、便条、短信、通知等。我能写出简单的指示语、个人广告、社团海报、个人简历等。我能简要地描述个人经历、发生的事件、读过的故事、观看的影片、喜怒哀乐等情感，写出或回答个人或公司的信函、电子邮件、传真等。我能就一定话题或提纲在30分钟内写出不少于120词的短文，内容基本完整、中心思想明确、用词恰当、语意连贯。我能在一般写作或应用文写作中恰当使用相应的写作技能。评分标准2：不切题。条理不清
2、，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎。5：基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。8：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14：切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。字数不足以应酌情扣分：（1）如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。（2）只写一段者：04；只写两段者：09。（指规定三段的作文）条理性作文是主观性题，要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考
3、虑进去。评卷老师的时间很短（每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），用firstofall,second,tobeginwith,afterthat,next,moreimportant,atlast等短语，可以使阅卷老师一眼就看出你作文的条理性。增加条理性的常用句式表层次,递进:Furthermore,Whatsmore,AlsoNext,Besides,Moreover,Inaddition,Lastbutnotleast,增加条理性的常用句式表因果；Therefore,Consequently,becauseof/thankstoThus,isdueto/owingtoOnthisacco
4、unt,Since/asAsaresult,Asaconsequence,增加条理性的常用句式表总结：Insummary,Inaword,Inconclusion,Inshort,Tosumup,Generallyspeaking,增加条理性的常用句式表转折，对比，比较；ComparedwithA，BThereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthemOnthecontrary,Whereas,Bycontrast,DespitethefactthatNevertheless,eventhoughOnthecontrary,However,Ontheonehand,Onthe
5、otherhand,Otherwise增加条理性的常用句式表示事实、现状WecannotignorethefactthatNoonecandenythefactthatThereisnodoubtthat.ThisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedinHowever，thatsnotthecase增加条理性的常用句式表举例：vTotakeasanexample,vOneexampleisvAnotherexampleisvForexample,增加条理性的常用句式其他：vAsfarasIknow据我所知vAsfaras.isconcerned就而论
6、vAsthesayinggoes俗话说vIthasbeenprovedthat.已经证明vItisestimatedthat.据估计vItisbelievedthat.人们相信vItisconsideredthat.大家认为vItishopedthat.人们希望vThereforeweshouldrealizethat.因此我们应当明白vAboveall最重要的是vAfterall毕竟vFinally,wehopethat.最后，我们希望vItmaybeconfirmedthat.可以肯定vTherefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat因此，我们有理由相信常用闪光
7、高分词v认为，主张argue/claim/believe/maintain/holdthatv考虑takeintoconsideration;consider;ponder;thinkover;reflecton/uponv下结论，断定cometotheconclusion;arriveattheconclusion;drawtheconclusion;conclude;judgev获得，赢得，取得acquire,obtain,attain,reap,gain,procurev支持，赞成approveof,infavorof,uphold,standbyonesside,agreewithv提
8、倡advocate,recommendv反对，抵制oppose,objectto,beagainst,resistv重大的，有决定性的profound,significant,eventful,vital,crucial,critical,decisivev运用，使用optimize,makefull/bestuseof,employ,utilize,apply当前，目前nowadays,atpresent,currently,presently表达，说voice,convey,express,deliver,communicate适应beadaptedto,beaccustomedto,be
9、adjustedto阻碍，阻止hinder,curb,hamper,restrain,prevent,wardoff,avoidv好处，优点advantage,merit,benefitv坏处，缺点disadvantage,defect,flaw,drawback,deficiencyv参加participatein,takepartin,attend,goinfor,engageinv集中精力于，专心于focus(onesattention)on,centeron,concentrateon,setonesmindonv依赖，依靠depend/relyon,leanonv取决于itdepen
10、dsonv努力做，尽力做attemptto,makeeffortsto,endeavorto,managetov进步，成就，成绩advancement,achievement,accomplishment,feat,fulfillmentv除外apartfrom,inadditionto,alongwithv开展，实施，做practice,carryout,enforce,conduct,performv强调，重视，突出lay/placeemphasison,attachemphasisto,stresson,highlightv优秀的outstanding,brilliant,remarka
11、ble,distinguished,excellentv实现，完成achieve,accomplish,fulfill,completev把看作，当作regardas,consideras,lookonas,treat/viewasv珍惜，重视cherish,treasure,attachimportancetov完全的，彻底的sheer,utter,thoroughv解释accountfor,illustrate,clarifyv起作用playarole/partin,perform,function,servev证实，证明testify,confirm,verify,turnout事实上i
12、npractice/reality/effect,asamatteroffact,virtually,actuallyv显示，表明pointout,indicate,demonstrate,reflect,manifestv缩短，减少shorten,cutdownv减少，削弱reduce,decrease,diminish,lessenv方法，手段method,approach,means,measure,modev提高improve,increase,enhance,raise,elevatev建立build,setup,putup,found,establish,constructv遭受s
13、ufferfrom,besubjectedto,encounterv在我看来，就我而言inmyview/mind/belief,asfarasIcansee,asfarasIamconcernedv想到，想出comeupwith,crossonesmind,occurtosb.v需要callfor,require,demandv遵守abideby,observe,conformv易于，倾向于tend/inclineto,beinclinedto,beproneto,belikelyto,beliabletov熟悉，知道beacquaintedwith,befamiliarwith,beinfo
14、rmedofv解决，处理solve,resolve,settle,dealwith,copewith,manage,workonv必要的，不可缺少的indispensable,essentialv影响affect,impact,haveeffectonv意识到beawareof,beconsciousof写作模板写作模板v对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型v说明原因型说明原因型v解决问题型解决问题型对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型A一个校园或社会现象/问题B有人认为X是好事，赞成X，为什么？有人认为X是坏事，反对X，为什么？C我的看法。对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型Nowadays,mo
15、reandmorepeoplebecomeconcernedaboutthesocial/economic/environmentalproblem/phenomenonthat出现的现象或问题.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic./Withthedevelopmentofsociety,moreandmoreXhavecomeintobeing.)说明这种现象的情况或举例子.Thereisahotdebategoingonarguingwhethertheyaregoodforthepublicornot(,especiallyf
16、orcollegestudents).Eachcoinhastwosides.Asforsuchaquestion,differentpeopleholddifferentopinions.Somebelievethat支持X的第一个原因。(Ontheonehand,)Theyalsoarguethat支持X的另一个原因。However,thereisanoppositevoice,whichclaimthat反对X的第一个理由.(Ontheotherhand,)Theyfirmlypointoutthat反对X的第二个理由.AsfarasImconcerned,Iholdthebelieft
17、hattheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages,because说明原因.Isuggestweshould建议.对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型e.g.2008.6.真题真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicRecreationalactivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)bel
18、ow:1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生我们的看法对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型范文：Withthedramaticdevelopmentofsocietyandtheimprovementofpeopleslivingstandard,moreandmorerecreationalactivitiesarec o m i n g i n t o b e i n g.S o m e p e o p l e maygotoKTVwiththeirfriendsonweekendstogetrelaxedafterfivedaysintensework
19、.Meanwhile,othersmightchoosetosurftheinternettokilltimeandappreciatevastresourcesontheinternet.对立观点型对立观点型/辩论型辩论型2009.6.真题真题Free admission to museums1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法v2006年年12月英语四级作文月英语四级作文v1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会；v2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会；、但有些人提出取消春节晚会；v3、我的看法、我的看法说明原因型说明原因型A.出现
20、的现象B.一些人这样做的原因；另一些人这样做的原因；还有一部分人这样做的原因C.我的看法/这种现象造成的结果说明原因型说明原因型Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplebecomeconcernedaboutthesocial/economic/environmentalproblem/phenomenonthat出现的现象或问题.(Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic.)说明这种现象的情况或举例子.However，asforthereasonswhypeople,differentpeoplehavedifferentop
21、inions.Somepeopleinorderto.Somepeoplewanttosothat.AndtheothershavethepurposeofAsfarasIamconcerned,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakento.SoIsuggest给出建议./Thisphenomenonwillleadto造成什么结果.Anotherresultis说明原因型说明原因型e.g.2007.12.真题真题WhatElectivesToChoose1.各学校开了各种各样的选修课2.学生选课有不同的原因3.就我而言说明原因型说明原因型WiththereformofCh
22、inesehighereducation,moreandmorecollegesanduniversitiesputanemphasisonnurturingstudentspracticalabilities.Asaresult,avarietyofelectivecoursesareavailableforcollegestudentsofallmajors.Certainly,asforstudentsreasonstochoosetheirownelectives,differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Somestudentschoosethee
23、lectivesinordertodeveloppracticalskills,whicharetheessentialpartofcollegeeducation,andtherefore,coursesoncomputerscience,marketing,andfinancearehighlypreferred.Ontheotherhand,othersmaythinkthatliberaleducationandelectivesconcerningliterature,history,andphilosophyarethemostwelcomed.AsfarasImconcerned
24、,universityisnotaplaceforsurvivalskills,butapalaceofknowledgeandcriticalreasoning.Althoughmymajorischemistry,theelectivesIattendmostfrequentlyareEnglishliterature,anIntroductiontoClassicMusic,andDifferentSchoolsofWesternPainting.Theyreallybroadenmyhorizon.说明原因型说明原因型2010.6.真题DueAttentionShouldBeGiven
25、toSpelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.这种现象导致的结果解决问题型解决问题型A.出现了什么现象，造成了问题一、二、三B.解决的途径一、二、三C.我的途径解决问题型解决问题型Nowadays,Xhasincreasinglybecomeacommonconcernofthepublic,anditmightleadtosomeproblems.Oneobviousproblemisthat问题1.问题2isanotherproblem.Theworstresultmaybe问题3.However,theproblemscanbedealtwithin
26、manydifferentways.Themostcommonwayis途径1.Anotherwayis途径2.Thereisstillthethirdchoicethat途径3.Asforme,Iwouldliketo,becauseTherefore,Ichoosetov2008年年12月英语四级作文月英语四级作文vLimiting the Use of Disposal Bagsv1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用v2.造成的问题造成的问题v3.限制使用塑的意义限制使用塑的意义v2009年年6月英语四级作文月英语四级作文vFree admission to muse
27、umsv越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么么?v也会带来一些问题也会带来一些问题v你的看法你的看法解决问题型解决问题型e.g.2000.1.真题真题HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation?Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChi
28、nese)below:1.上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合我(说明理由)解决问题型解决问题型Everyyear,thousandsofyoungmenenteruniversitiesandcolleges.Ithasbeenaproblemforsomestudentsandtheirfamiliestofinancetheircollegeeducation.Infact,theproblemcanbedealtwithinmanyways.Themostcommonwayistogetallthemoneyfromtheparents.Iftheirparentscant
29、affordthefees,studentscanapplyforaloanfromthebank.Thereisstillanotherway.Studentscanfinancetheireducationbydoingsomepart-timejobsintheirsparetime.Asforme,myparentscanpaythegreaterpartofthefeesforme.So,Iwonthaveaheavyfinancialburden,andIcanfocusonmystudy.Iwouldliketopaytherestofthemoneybydoingapart-t
30、imejob,becausealthoughmyparentsareabletopayallthetuition,Istillwanttoknowmoreaboutsocietythroughmyownworkingexperience.Therefore,Ichoosethiswaytofinancemycollegeeducation.图表式作文图表式作文A.说明图标内容和显示的变化B说明原因一二三C预测发展趋势/有什么困难问题，怎么解决图表式作文图表式作文第一句先说明主题是什么。Readingthischart,wecanfindthat/Itisobviousinthegraph/ta
31、blethattherate/number/amountofYhasgoneup/grown/fallen/droppedconsiderablyinrecentyears(asXvaries).AtthepointofX1,Yreachesitspeakvalueof(多少).Whatisthereasonforthischange?Mainlythereare(多少)reasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthegraph/table.Firstofall,playanimportantrolein(第一个原因).Also,leadsto(第二个原因).Be
32、sides,enablesto(第三个原因).Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictwhatwillhappeninthenearfuture.Thetrenddescribedinthegraph/tablewillcontinueforquitealongtime(ifnecessarymeasuresarenottaken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势)./Therearesomeproblems/difficultiesinForexample,Soweshould图表式作文图表式作文2002.6真题真题Directi
33、ons:ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:1.上图(图略)所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生事业计算机的情况,请描述其变化2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题图表式作文图表式作文Studentstend
34、tousecomputersmoreandmorenowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,ithaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.Obviouslycomputersarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Mainlytherear
35、ethreereasonsforthis.Firstofall,computersplayanimportantroleinmanyaspectsoflife.Also,fastdevelopmentoftheInternetleadstogreaterdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepriceofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstoaffordthe
36、m.However,therearesomeproblems.Forexample,somestudentsspendtoomuchtimeinplayingcomputergamesandforgettostudy.Soweshouldbalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudying.Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.论证句式v表示原因v表示好处v表示坏处v表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能v表示措施v表示变化表示原因Therearethreereasonsf
37、orThereasonsforareasfollowsThereasonforisthat表示好处IthasthefollowingadvantagesItdoesusalotofgoodItbenefitsusquitealotItisbeneficialtousIthasapositiveeffect.表示坏处IthasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesItdoesusmuchharmItisharmfultousIthassomenegativeeffects.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，
38、convenient，possible）forsbtodosthWethinkitimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）todosthItplaysanimportantroleinourlife表示措施WeshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasuresWeshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficultiesWeshoulddoourutmostindoingsthWeshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfrontedwith表示变化So
39、mechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyearsAgreatchangewillcertainlyappearintheworldscommunicationsThecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation2009年年6月英语四级作文月英语四级作文Free admission to museums1.越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么越来越多的博物馆免费开放的目的是什么?2.也会带来一些问题也会带来一些问题3.你的看法你的看法Free Admission to Museums(满分满分版版)vNowadays
40、,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeastheresagrowingawarenessoftheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislivedatabase,canmostpeop
41、lefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldofferthem.vHowever,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfr
42、omdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.vAsauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissioncond
43、uct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsomecloseddaysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopme
44、nt.vNowadays,moreandmoremuseumsbecomefreeofchargetopeoplebecausetheywanttomakethemselvesfamous.Inordertogainfame,theyopentheirdoorswidelytopeople.Itcanwidenpeoplesknowledge.vFirst,thiswillmakethetrafficmorebusy,becausesomepeoplemaybecomefromdifferentplaces.Eventheycomefromothercountries.Inmyopinion,
45、weshouldchargesomemoney,thentherewillnottoomuchpeoplecometomuseums.Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemistoincreasethepublictransportssotherewillfewpeopleusetheirowncars.vThispolicyalsohavesomeproblems.Astheticketsarefree,moreandmorepeoplestarttohaveavisitforsomemuseums.Thisphenomenonmaymakemoreandmorerubbish.Theworkersmustincreasetheirworking.Themuseumsneedmoreworkers.Buttheyhavenomoneytosupportthispolicy.Maybeoneday,themuseumisclosedjustbecausetherearenobodytoclearthemuseum.这是整个第二段的文字。作者到底要表达什么？