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1、第十五章、主谓一致第十五章、主谓一致两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.当主语由and连结时，指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 主谓一致是指：语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。当there/here be 句
2、型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致Either you or she is to go.当主语后面跟有with, toget
3、her with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough
4、.在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。All is right. All are present.集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体His family isnt very large.His family are music lovers.A number of +名词复数+复数动词。A nu
5、mber of books have lent out.The number of +名词复数+单数动词。The number of the students is 55.用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但
6、由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致Many a person has read the novel.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.不定式（短语），不定式（短语）， 动名词（短语），动名词（短语）， 或从句作主语时，或从句作主语时， 谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数Serving the people is my great happiness.When well go out for an outing has been decided.名词如名词如: trousers， sciss
7、ors， clothes， goods， glasses 等作主语时，等作主语时， 谓语动谓语动词必须用复数，词必须用复数，但这些名词前若出现但这些名词前若出现 a pair of ， 谓语一般用单数谓语一般用单数His clothes are good. A pair of glasses is on the desk.例题分析例题分析【答案】A。【解析】在主语后面如果有 as well as ,besides, more than ,rather than, with, along with, beyond , except, in addition to, like, including
8、 ,such as 等词时，谓语动词人称和数要与其前面的主语保持一致；本题中，句子的主语是 the instrument，故谓语动词用单数形式，所以选择 A。本句意为：这些器乐还有其它的零部件不久就会被修理。 【点评】本题考查主谓一致，同时考查了动词的时态。例例1The musical instrument, as well as other spare parts going to be repaired soon.A.is B. are C. be D. were例例2 2 He is the only one of students who _ a winner of He is the
9、 only one of students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. scholarship for three years. A. isA. is B. are B. are C. has beenC. has been D. have beenD. have been【答案】C。【解析】the only one of+名词复数，表示“唯一的”，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；再根据时间状语for three years可知，使用现在完成时，故选C。句意：他是唯一一个连续三年取得奖学金的学生。【点评】考查主谓一致和动词的时态
10、。例例3 3 An exhibition of paintings An exhibition of paintings at the museum next week. at the museum next week.A. are to be held A. are to be held B. are holdingB. are holdingC. is holdingC. is holding D. is to be heldD. is to be held【答案】D。【解析】本题中，句子的主语是An exhibition是单数，of paintings是介词短语作的后置定语，修饰exhi
11、bition，所以谓语动词用单数，排除A、B; be to do表示将来；C项是正在进行时的主动语态，不符合语境。根据时间状语next week，表示将来，且是被举行，故选D。句意为：下周有一个绘画展将在这个博物馆举行。故选择D。【点评】本题考查主谓一致，同时考查了动词的时态、语态。例例4 4 of the land in that districtof the land in that district covered with trees and grass.covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isA. Two fifth; is B. T
12、wo fifth; are B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifihs; are D. Two fifihs; are【答案】C。【解析】分数的表示方法：分子用基数，分母用序数；分子大于一时，分母加s。“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上和名词一致。land“土地”是不可数名词，所以用单数，故选C。句意：那个地区五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖。【点评】考查分数和主谓一致。例例5 5He is the only one of students who _ a winner of scholarshi
13、p for He is the only one of students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. three years. A. isA. is B. are B. are C. has beenC. has been D. have beenD. have been 【答案】C。 【解析】the only one of+名词复数，表示“唯一的”，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；再根据时间状语for three years可知，使用现在完成时，故选C。句意：他是唯一一个连续三年取得奖学金的学生。例例6 6The number
14、 of the students whoThe number of the students who admitted into key universities admitted into key universities on the increase. on the increase. A. has been; is A. has been; is B. has been; areB. has been; areC. have been; isC. have been; isD. have been; areD. have been; are【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的who
15、引导定语从句，指代students，所以从句谓语用复数；第二空为主句的谓语，主语是the number，the number作主语谓语用单数。例例7 7The monitor and league secretaryThe monitor and league secretary asked to attend such meetings asked to attend such meetings many times so far this year. many times so far this year. A. is A. is B. areB. are C. have beenC. h
16、ave beenD. has beenD. has been【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。and连接的两个名词共同使用一个冠词，此时the monitor and league secretary意为”班长兼团支书“表示一个人的两个身份，谓语动词用单数形式；so far this year决定谓语动词要用现在完成时。 所谓的主谓一致，是指句子的谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语保持一致，如果句子的主语不直观，比如很长或很复杂，这就给谓语动词的单复数形式的判断造成了障碍，这样也就产生了主谓一致题型存在的必要性。主谓一致题型的解题关键是确认“真正的主语”，然后理清主语的单复数形式，从而确定谓语动
17、词的单复数形式。 主谓一致专练主谓一致专练1.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which saved for other purposes. A.is B.are C.was D.were2.One third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people. A. is; are B.is; is C.are; are D.are; is3.The toddler who miraculou
18、sly a fall from her l0th-floor home in Hangzhou, east China, recovering quickly. A. is survived; is B.are survived; areC.survived; is D.being survived; are 4.Clearly, development aid together with food the long-term solution to the problem of poverty. A. are B.is C.has D.have5.The Japanese suffering
19、 from the worst natural disasters .A. are; ever since B.are; of all time C.is; ever since D.is; of all time6.It is not I but Tom and his wife that for the car accident. A. am to blame B.are to blame C.am to be blamed D.are to be blamed 7.Every boy and every girl to attend the English evening party t
20、o be held on Saturday. A. wish B.enjoys C.wishes D.have wished8.He told me that the number of people invited to the wedding two hundred, but actually a number of them absent for different reasons. A. were; was B.were; were C.was; was D.was; were9.Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first ti
21、me I here. A. has come B. come C. had comeD. have come 10.The countrys population small, and most of its population in the mountainous areas. A. are; lives B.are; live C.is; live D.is; lives11.My sister, as well as her classmates who late for class, criticized by Mr. Hunt. A. were; was B.was; were C
22、.was; was D.were; were12.Playing computer games led to his failure in the final examination, which upset his parents. A.has B.have C.is D.are 13.As is reported in the newspaper, many a student in this area sent abroad for further study since last year. A. have beenB.has been C.was D.were14.Such acto
23、rs as Jay Chou popular with the young, however, some not so well received.A. are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are15.Either she or I to be sent there for the important meeting in the month to come. A. is B. am C. are D. have 16.Mrs. White as well as her husband and three sons going to pay a visit to
24、 Dalian this autumn. A. are B. is C. were D. was17.Each of the students, working hard at his other lessons, to go to university. So do I. A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. hoped18.Nobody but those who by the professor to enter the meeting room. A. invited; are allowed B. are invited; are allowedC. are i
25、nvited; is allowed D. invited; is allowed 19. So far, every possible means to save the drowning boy. A. has been tried B. has tried C. have been tried D. have tried20. The man as well as his horse crossed the river from Tokyo. A. which; comeB. that; comesC. who; came D. who; come答案1-5DACBB 6-10BCDDC 11-15AABAB 16-20BACAB