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1、 状语从句状语从句1 1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句 常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when例句 I didnt realize how special my mother was until I bec
2、ame an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.Back to school连接词类别作 用例 句asas 表示“当的时候”，往往和 when/ while 通用，但
3、它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。1.She came up as I was cooking.（同时）2.The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）when既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内。when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用 ;when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 1.When we were at school, we went to the library eve
4、ry day.（在一段时间内）2.Sorry，I was out when you called me（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 3. When I got to the airport，the guests had left（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。 whilewhile 意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。 主句中的动作或事情是在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。1.When While As we w
5、ere dancing，a stranger came in（dance为延续性动词）。2.Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 延续性动词表达的动作能够延续，如：延续性动词表达的动作能够延续，如：keep保存，维持；保存，维持；walk走路；走路；read 阅读等；非延续性动词也称瞬间动词，所表达的动作不能够延续。如：阅读等；非延续性动词也称瞬间动词，所表达的动作不能够延续。如：hear听到；听到；return 归还；归还；see看见。看见。1.（11浙江4）One Friday, we were packing to leav
6、e for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when答案：D解析：句意为 星期五那天，当我们正准备出发去过周末的时候，我的女儿听到有人叫救。易混淆：在while和when这里犹豫。对比： (2006湖南) 2. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. A. while B. when C. since D.
7、 after答案： B解析：下划线处表示 “正在这时， 突然”， 四个选项中只有when可以表示此含义。引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： till, not until , until, before, sinceDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until (till) it was twelve oclock. It will be five years before he returns from England. hardly / scarcely when, no sooner
8、than, as soon as once表示“一就”As soon as I have finished it , Ill give you a call.Once you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. directly, immediat
9、ely, the moment, the minute that 一就He made for the door directly he heard the knock. each time, every time, by the timeEach time he came to my city, he would call on me.2 2、地点状语从句、地点状语从句 常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere例句 Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factori
10、es.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 3、原因状语从句、原因状语从句 常用引导词:because, since, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much as例句 My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our
11、conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 4、目的状语从句、目的状语从句 常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the
12、purpose that, to the end that例句 The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5 5、结果状语从句、结果状语从句 常用引导词:so that, so that, such that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that,
13、to the extent that, to such a degree that,例句He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.6 6、条件状语从句、条件状语从句 常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supp
14、ose that, in case that, on condition that例句 Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、让步状语从句、让步状语从句 常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒
15、装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter , in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever例句 Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she co
16、uld not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 8、比较状语从句、比较状语从句 常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more the more ; just as , so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B例句 She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。9 9、方式状语从句、方式状语从句 常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.例句 She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.THANK YOU！