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1、会计学1英语高考虚拟语气用法最全总结英语高考虚拟语气用法最全总结概念：谓语概念：谓语v用用不同的形式不同的形式表示说话人的表示说话人的不同意图不同意图，这，这种种形式形式称为语气。语气分三种：称为语气。语气分三种：1.陈述语气陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class.What fun!He is not interested in classical music.2.祈使语气祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告
2、或劝告等（动词常用原形）等（动词常用原形）Dont be late！3.虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。设、愿望、怀疑或推测。第1页/共45页一、虚拟语气在一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中虚拟条件虚拟条件从句从句(If)主主 句句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假设反的假设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假设反的假设主语主语+did/were主语主语+should/would/could/might+do主语主语+had done主语主语+should/would/
3、could/might+have done 主语主语+1.did2.should do3.were to do主语主语+should/would/could/might+do第2页/共45页If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好学习，如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。你会通过考试的。If I were you,I would accept his advi
4、ce.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.第3页/共45页If I_(visit)my future university If I_(visit)my future university tomorrow,I_(take)look at the library tomorrow,I_(take)look at the library first.first.did/should do/were to do,should/would/might._he had not hurt his leg,
5、John would have_he had not hurt his leg,John would haveWon the race.(Won the race.(全国卷全国卷)A.If B.Since C.Though D.When A.If B.Since C.Though D.When“Mary looks hot and dryMary looks hot and dry”“”“So_you if you So_you if you had so high a fever.had so high a fever.”(全国卷全国卷)A.do B.are C.will D.would A
6、.do B.are C.will D.would第4页/共45页You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt getB.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt getD.had driven;wouldnt have got第5页/共45页_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will This pri
7、nter is of good quality.If it_breakDown within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.(天津天津)A.Would B.Should C.could D.might Be of=have第6页/共45页注意：注意：1.错综时间虚拟语气错综时间虚拟语气当当从句主句从句主句所表示的行为所发生的所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时间不一致时，时，动词的形式动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出要根据它所表示的时间作出相相应的调整。应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just no
8、w,you _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before,you _(be)a college student now.had followedwould behad studiedwould be第7页/共45页If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.A.talked;would not beB.had talked;would not beC.would talk;would not beD.had talked;would not have been第8页/共45页If we had take
9、n such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.A.is not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been polluted第9页/共45页Maybe if I_science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.(北京卷北京卷)A.studiedB.would studyC.had studiedD.Was s
10、tudying第10页/共45页-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables_.(北京卷北京卷)A.wouldt dieB.didnt dieC.hadnt diedD.Wouldnt have died第11页/共45页2.if从句中，从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），（完成时态标志），should可可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。否定词必须省
11、略。否定词not不能不能放在放在前面。前面。1.Had I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then),I wouldnt have been very happy.2.If I were you,I would accept his advice.3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.4.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard b
12、efore,Were I you,Should it rained tomorrow/Were it to rain tomorrow,第12页/共45页_hard,he would have passed.A.If he were to workB.Had he workedC.Should he workD.Were he to work第13页/共45页3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现是出现ifif引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。条件句。常用的有常用的有介
13、词介词with，without，but for（倘没有，（倘没有，要不是）；要不是）；连词连词or，but；副词副词otherwise等。等。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.第14页/共45页2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known
14、 nothing about it.3.I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.4.What would you do with a million dollars?5.Without/But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help,第15页/共45页Without electricity,human being life _ quite different today.A.is
15、B.will beC.would have beenD.would be第16页/共45页But for his help,I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeeded第17页/共45页He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored第18页/共45页 Why didn
16、t you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A.would B.would have C.had had D.had bought第19页/共45页Bob would have helped us,but he_.（安徽高考）（安徽高考）A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy D.will be busy第20页/共45页I forget where I read the article,or I_it tomorrow.A.will show B.would show C.am going to show D.am
17、 showing第21页/共45页If it were not for the fact that she_sing,I would invite her to the party.（福建）（福建）A.couldnt B.could C.cant D.might not第22页/共45页二、虚拟语气的其他用法二、虚拟语气的其他用法1.as if/as though（好像）（好像）+从句从句与现在相反与现在相反 did/were与过去相反与过去相反 had done与将来相反与将来相反 would/could/might+do He looks as if he were an artist.H
18、e talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(区分区分even if/though)第23页/共45页注意：若表示的确有某种可能注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气）尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。也可不用虚拟语气。Eg.Look!The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken
19、D.had been broken第24页/共45页2.It is(high/about)time(that)sb did/sb should（不可省略不可省略）+do该是某人做某事的时候了。该是某人做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.第25页/共45页Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.go B.are going C.went D.should be going第26页/共45页3.wish/if only(要是要是就好了）就好了）+从句从句 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 did
20、/were 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had done（或用（或用could have done）与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 could/would/might+do I wish(that)he_(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit)us yesterday.had visited us/could have visited us would/could/might visitvisitedIf only you _（listen)to our advice!If only I _(be)a
21、 bird!had listenedwere第27页/共45页4.在在would rather+宾语从句中宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反与现在或将来事实相反 did/were与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had done即：即：would rather sb did/had doneI would rather you _(come)here tomorrow.I would rather you _(not tell)me the truth.camehadnt told第28页/共45页5、need“不必做不必做”和和“本不该做本不该做”didnt need to do 表示：过去不必做，
22、表示：过去不必做，某事，事实上也没做某事，事实上也没做 neednt have done表示：过去不必做某表示：过去不必做某事，但事实上做了事，但事实上做了John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she didnt need to walk back home.John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she neednt have to walk back home.第29页/共45页6.用于表示用于表示建议建议（advise/suggest/propose/
23、recommend）命令命令(order/command)要求要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持要求坚持要求(insist)等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：sb（should）+do1.I suggested that he(should)go there at once.(宾语从句宾语从句)2.My advice is that we(should)tell him the news.3.I made a suggestion that he-(同位语从句同位语从句)4.It is suggested that he-(主语从句
24、主语从句)5.My suggestion was that he-(表语从句表语从句)第30页/共45页区别：区别：This is the suggestion that/which he made at the meeting.(定语从句定语从句)The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived.A.didnt touch B.touched C.be touched D.touch第31页/共45页注意：注意：suggest:表明，暗示表明，暗示 陈述语气陈述语气 建议建议 虚拟语气虚拟语气Her pale
25、 face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send)to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.was(should)be senthadnt stolen(should)be set第32页/共45页6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式
26、主语）作形式主语）It is necessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/a pity/a shame/no wonder/suggested/advised/recommended/desired 等等that sb(should)+do It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.It is a pity that Lucy(should)be so careless.It is suggested that the meeting(should
27、)be put off till next week.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气第33页/共45页It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might 第34页/共45页I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A.had come B.
28、was coming C.would come D.would have come直击高考直击高考We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.will put B.will have put C.would put D.would have put第35页/共45页-Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.-I _it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had
29、 attended C.would attend D.would have attendedI _through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone第36页/共45页Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy_.(浙江浙江)A.would have been saved B.had been saved C.will be s
30、aved D.was saved第37页/共45页Its strange that he _have the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏江苏高考高考)A.would B.should C.could D.might第38页/共45页There is a good social life in the village,I wish I_a second chance to become more involved.(2018江苏高考江苏高考)A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had第39
31、页/共45页_not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏高考江苏高考)A.It were B.were it C.It was D.Was it第40页/共45页If it_for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.(2016江苏高考江苏高考)A.had not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been第41
32、页/共45页It might have saved me some trouble_the schedule.(2015江苏高考江苏高考)A.did I know B.have I know C.do I know D.had I known第42页/共45页It might have saved me some trouble_the schedule.(2014江苏高考江苏高考)A.did I know B.have I know C.do I know D.had I known第43页/共45页I should not have laughed if I_you were serious.(2013江苏高考江苏高考)A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought第44页/共45页