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1、AbstractReading by many people-Advertise!Summarize paperSelf-containedBrief(100200words)No figures or references第1页/共24页一、英文摘要的类型指示性（概括性）摘要：多用于理论性较强的论文，主要概括论文的主要观点、研究范围、分析过程、内容梗概和结论，并不定量报道其具体内容，如具体数据等。信息性（报道性）摘要：多用于实验性和技术性较强的论文，主要报道论文的研究成果、数据和结论。第2页/共24页一、英文摘要的类型Prof.Feng型摘要：1）background info；2）the
2、subject matter&research purpose/objective;3)research methods;4)findings/results;5)suggestion and proposed conclusion.6)No first person allowed第3页/共24页二、英文摘要的特点语言特点：准确、简洁、明了结构特点：背景与目的内容与方法结果、结论与前景句子结构特点：句首传递信息要点的句子多被动语句多，定语、补语多第4页/共24页三、英文摘要常用句型常用于摘要开头部分：the results ofA simple method for cases ofthe
3、approach foran attempt to(do)1.(In this paper,theis conducted/discussed.)is(are)presenteddescribed(through)reported(under)discussed(along with)analyzed第5页/共24页2.The chiefaimpurposeobjectobjectiveofthe present studythis investigationthe researchthese studiesis(was/has been/will be)to obtain to evalua
4、te to find out to establishto asses 第6页/共24页3.The present study The above study This investigation was(has been)designedmadecarried outperformedattemptedwith a view toin order totoclarify determine establishpoint out demonstrate 第7页/共24页4.Our studies Their pioneer studies These investigationsaim toc
5、larify determine establish demonstrate provide evidence forbring out 第8页/共24页常用于摘要结尾部分1.The studies have been performed These pioneer studies attempted The studies initiated in their laboratoryseveral studies which have been carried out All further investigationsshowhave shown(have)demonstrated that
6、(have)suggested(have)revealed第9页/共24页2.The studies The resultsThe testsThe researches(have)shown(have)suggestedillustratedrevealedthat 第10页/共24页四、英文摘要翻译原则要避免按中文的字面意思逐字逐句生搬硬译，即避免“中国式英语”；领悟汉语中所隐含的逻辑关系，运用适当的关联词语对原文结构进行必要的变动；注意中英文差别，遵循并使用英文习惯用法。第11页/共24页五、英文摘要翻译要求语法方面：多使用行为抽象名词与动词相应的名词形式，有助于用少语言表达更多信息；用
7、单个词代替词组。句法方面：运用长句多于短句，简单句多于复合句；中文摘要惯用无人称句，长句出现也较频繁，翻译时，不应以汉语的自然句来硬译，须重新安排。第12页/共24页五、英文摘要翻译要求时态方面：一般现在时：用于介绍研究目的、内容、结果、结论等客观事实；现在完成时：用来说明论文的发展背景，表示已取得的成果，已完成的工作或项目；一般过去时：用于说明某一具体项目的发展情况，介绍已进行的研究、实验等。第13页/共24页五、英文摘要翻译要求语态方面：被动可避免提及文章的作者或动作的执行者；突出摘要的客观性；突出要表达的有关信息尽量不要混用各种语态，特别不要在一个句子中混用语态。缩略语第14页/共24页
8、Avoid the use of“it”and“this”example 1The prediction were compared with the experimental results.It was found that (bad)The results showed that (better)Comparison of the predicted and experimental results shows that (best)第15页/共24页Avoid the use of“it”and“this”example 2It is obvious that the electric
9、 current had little effect on the convective heat transfer coefficient but is caused large changes in Table 1.(bad)The data in Table 1 shows that (good)第16页/共24页soresulted in a comparatively short precooling period,Do not use excessively long sentencesexample 3 This is because of ahigh dc currentora
10、 low ambient temperature,the precooling period was comparatively shortandthe thermal penetration regionwould therefore besothe natural convectionwould beneglected.Awhich is equivalent towasandwasthin,第17页/共24页example 4本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量，利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度计算出来，从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是
11、随温度的升高而增大的规律，并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。第18页/共24页本文通过实验的方法对中温辐射条件下受体温度的测量，This article through the experimental method to the warm radiation condition under the acceptor temperature determination.This paper,under the media temperature of thermal radiation,an actual substance temperat
12、ure was measured experimentally.第19页/共24页利用能量守恒方程及斯蒂芬-波尔茨曼定律通过和黑体黑度的比较将实际物体的黑度度计算出来，Defends the horizontal equation as well as Stefan-Boltzmann law;using the energy,the Boltzmann law through calculates with the blackbody blackness comparison actual object blackness.Comparison of the blackbody and ac
13、tual substance shows the emittance,which is based on conservation of energy and Stefan-Boltzmann law.第20页/共24页从而得出中温辐射时物体的黑度是随温度的升高而增大的规律，When obtains the warm radiation object blackness is a rule which increases along with the temperature ascension.The result was obtained that the emittance of actu
14、al substance increases with increasing temperature.第21页/共24页并对实验进行模拟，得出了实际物体在中温条件下的函数关系，并粗略的对误差进行分析和改进。And to tested carries on has drawn up and has obtained the actual object and at the beginning of slightly carries on the analysis under warm condition function to the error,the appraisal and same improvements.With experimental simulation,the studies showed that the emittance is the function of temperature.And the experimental error and improvement method was analyzed also.第22页/共24页Exercise:Translate an assigned Chinese abstract!第23页/共24页感谢您的观看！第24页/共24页