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1、Free talkWhat do you think of cloze(完形填空）完形填空）?Is it easy or hard for you?第1页/共33页K2-thesecondhighestmountainintheworldWhy climb?Because its there!I came,I saw,I conquered（征服）（征服）.(by Caesar)第2页/共33页（一）（一）完形填空题考什么？完形填空题考什么？1、词法及词义辨析、词法及词义辨析 2、固定短语搭配、固定短语搭配 3、上下文逻辑关系、上下文逻辑关系 4、文化背景及生活常识、文化背景及生活常识一、完形
2、填空题型分析解读一、完形填空题型分析解读第3页/共33页（二）（二）河南中考完形填空题的特点河南中考完形填空题的特点1.突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境。突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境。2.辨析词义，以实词为主。辨析词义，以实词为主。3.题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第4页/共33页文化习俗文化习俗 科普知识科普知识 著名人物著名人物 幽默故事幽默故事日常生活日常生活人生百味人生百味完形填空的题材、文体分类题材题材文体文体记叙记叙 议论议论 说明说明 第5页/共33页四人一组讨论四人一组讨论20132013年河南省年河南省中考英语完形填空的中考英语完形填空的题材、文体和文章题材
3、、文体和文章大意大意，并说出每小题的，并说出每小题的答案答案及解题的及解题的思思路路。Task 1第6页/共33页20132013年河南省中考英语完形填空年河南省中考英语完形填空KingAkbarwasinthehabitofputtingriddlesandpuzzlestohispeople.Heoftenasked36whichwerestrange.Hispeoplehadtousewordsina37waytoanswerthesequestions.Onceheaskedaverystrangequestion.Helookedathispeople.38helooked,oneb
4、yonetheheadsbegantohanglowinsearchofananswer.ItwasatthismomentthatBirbalenteredthepalace.Birbal39thehabitoftheking.Heunderstoodthe40atonceandasked,MayIknowthequestionsothatIcan41forananswer?Akbarsaid,Howmanycrows(乌鸦)arethereinthiscity?42evenamomentsthought,BirbalrepliedTherearefiftythousandfivehundr
5、edandeightyninecrows,mylord.Howcanyoubeso43?”askedAkbar.Birbalsaid,Makeyoumen44,Mylord.Ifyoufindmorecrowsitmeanssomehavecometovisittheirrelatives(亲戚)here.Ifyoufind45crowsitmeanssomehavegonetovisittheirrelativeselsewhere.AkbarwaspleasedverymuchbyBirbalswiseanswer.第7页/共33页()36.A.questionsB.helpC.promi
6、seD.advice()37.A.commonB.friendlyC.cleverD.silent()38.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.IfD.As()39.A.knewB.developedC.hatedD.doubted()40.A.orderB.informationC.dangerD.situation()41.A.askB.waitC.tryD.reach()42.A.BeforeB.WithoutC.ThroughD.In()43.A.smartB.braveC.fannyD.sure()44.A.catchB.discussC.countD.visit()45.A.fe
7、werB.largerC.fasterD.older第8页/共33页 2013 2013河南省中考完形填空考点解析河南省中考完形填空考点解析 本题材为一篇幽默故事。题目设置上较注重对语篇整体理解能力和词义本题材为一篇幽默故事。题目设置上较注重对语篇整体理解能力和词义辨析的考查。根据语篇上下文的语意、逻辑和句法寻找线索，进行合理的辨析的考查。根据语篇上下文的语意、逻辑和句法寻找线索，进行合理的推理和猜测，就能做出正确的选择。推理和猜测，就能做出正确的选择。3636A A【解析解析】考查考查名词意义辨析名词意义辨析。宾语宾语questionsquestions提示和动词提示和动词askask构成动
8、宾关系构成动宾关系，表示，表示“问问问问题题”，由，由下一段下一段第一句可知第一句可知AkbarAkbar经常会问奇怪的问题。经常会问奇怪的问题。37.C37.C【解析解析】考查考查形容词意义辨析形容词意义辨析。前文前文had to had to“不得不不得不”，提示下文提示下文用形容词用形容词cleverclever表表示示“明智的；聪明的明智的；聪明的”。38.D38.D【解析解析】考查考查连词意义辨析连词意义辨析。下文下文“他的臣民们低下头寻找答案他的臣民们低下头寻找答案”可知前文是时间状语从可知前文是时间状语从句，用句，用asas引导时间状语从句表示引导时间状语从句表示“当当时候时候”
9、。39.A39.A【解析解析】考查考查动词意义辨析动词意义辨析。根据下句根据下句“他立刻明白了当前的形势他立刻明白了当前的形势”可知上文是伯巴勒可知上文是伯巴勒“知道知道”国王猜谜的习惯。用动词国王猜谜的习惯。用动词knewknew表示表示“知道；了解知道；了解”。40.D40.D【解析解析】考查考查名词意义辨析名词意义辨析。承接上文承接上文“他了解国王的习惯他了解国王的习惯”，说明他明白当时的，说明他明白当时的“形势形势”，用，用situationsituation表示表示“情况；形势情况；形势”。41.C41.C【解析解析】考查考查动词意义辨析动词意义辨析。动词动词trytry和和forf
10、or连用连用，try fortry for表示表示“谋求；尝试谋求；尝试”，和，和answeranswer构成动宾关系，表示构成动宾关系，表示“寻找一个答案寻找一个答案”。42.B42.B【解析解析】考查考查介词意义辨析介词意义辨析。下文下文他立刻说出了一个具体数字，和他立刻说出了一个具体数字，和eveneven“甚至甚至”的的提示提示意意义说明上文是义说明上文是“甚至没有经过片刻的思索甚至没有经过片刻的思索”，用介词，用介词withoutwithout表示表示“无；没有无；没有”，表示否定，表示否定意义。意义。43.D43.D【解析解析】考查考查形容词意义辨析形容词意义辨析。对于他说出的具体
11、数字，。对于他说出的具体数字，根据常理推测根据常理推测，国王是询问，国王是询问“你你如何能这么确信？如何能这么确信？”be surebe sure表示表示“确信的；有把握的确信的；有把握的”。44.C44.C【解析解析】考查考查动词意义辨析动词意义辨析。承接上文承接上文，伯巴勒回答国王的问题是，伯巴勒回答国王的问题是“让你的臣民们数一下让你的臣民们数一下”，用动词，用动词countcount表示表示“数数”，和上面的数字对应。，和上面的数字对应。45.A45.A【解析解析】考查考查形容词比较级意义辨析形容词比较级意义辨析。综合这两句话的意义。综合这两句话的意义“如果多了就是有来走亲戚的；如果多
12、了就是有来走亲戚的；如果少了，是去走亲戚了如果少了，是去走亲戚了”可以可以推断推断空格处用空格处用fewerfewer，表示，表示“少少”这一意义，和上句的这一意义，和上句的moremore对应。对应。第9页/共33页二、完形填空的解题方法和技巧二、完形填空的解题方法和技巧 尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容内容和语言习惯、和语言习惯、句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段句与句之间的衔接点、句子与段落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐落之间的联系、段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时
13、，因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分是十分重要的一步。我们必须自始至终重要的一步。我们必须自始至终依托语境依托语境，注意上注意上下文之间、词与词之间、从语法到意义的合理搭配下文之间、词与词之间、从语法到意义的合理搭配。原则上讲完形填空的每一道题都原则上讲完形填空的每一道题都有暗示即有暗示即clues,clues,有的在有的在本句中本句中，有的在前，称为，有的在前，称为前提示，前提示，有的在后，有的在后，称为称为后暗示后暗示,有的暗含于有的暗含于语篇中。语篇中。第10页/共33页 要充分利用首句的标示作用要充分利用首句的标示
14、作用 第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和第一句往往是全篇的关键句，首句一般不设空，它有概括和预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意预示全文大意的作用，是判断文章体裁并预测全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。的突破口，常含有解题和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,howwhen,where,who,what,how)要注意尾句的提示和总结作用要注意尾句的提示和总结作用1.故事的结局故事的结局2.问题的结论问题的结论3.幽默或富有哲理的结尾幽默或富有哲理的结尾 留意文章中有中文注释的词留意文章中有中文注释的词有注释的
15、词往往对理解短文和解题有帮助。有注释的词往往对理解短文和解题有帮助。Step 1 抓住首尾，了解短文抓住首尾，了解短文第11页/共33页完形填空。共205词推荐做题时间10分钟Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，
16、and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said th
17、at they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for k
18、ids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.第12页/共33页可以推测：可以推测：这篇文章是介绍青少年日常生活中过重课程安排，占用了孩子们大量的这篇文章是介绍青少年日常生活中过重课程安排，占用了孩子们大量的课余时间，成了影响他们健康成长的社会问题，课余时间，成了影响他们健康成长的社会问题，
19、首句：首句：Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activities第三段首句第三段首句：“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”中文注释：中文注释：an expert(专家专家)尾句：尾句：Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.撇开选项不谈，单从这些句子中，我们可以捕捉到如下信息：撇开选项不谈，单从这些句子中，我们可
20、以捕捉到如下信息：（1 1）XiaoQiang XiaoQiang 是个是个1212岁中国男孩。岁中国男孩。（2 2）他有许多活动。）他有许多活动。（3 3）专家认为过量的）专家认为过量的课程安排是个问题课程安排是个问题 。（4 4）孩子们需要时间休息。）孩子们需要时间休息。第13页/共33页Step2通读全文通读全文,把握脉络把握脉络Xiao Qiang，通过跳过空格，通览全文，我们通过跳过空格，通览全文，我们明白了大明白了大意、理清了观点、分清了层次。意、理清了观点、分清了层次。本文讲述了许多青少年学生在课余时间奔本文讲述了许多青少年学生在课余时间奔走于各种各样的走于各种各样的after
21、school activities after school activities 的的问题，专家呼吁问题，专家呼吁Kids need time to relax.Kids need time to relax.第14页/共33页Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too manyactivitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car
22、when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do therest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”Hesaid.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have toomany activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more
23、 than 750f them said that theywished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem forChinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kidsand their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fastfood 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We allknow it
24、is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.跳过空格通读短文：跳过空格通读短文：第15页/共33页Step3瞻前顾后，上下求索瞻前顾后，上下求索本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案，并划出语篇标志和答题暗示。然后，再结合选项
25、逐一敲定。第16页/共33页完形填空。（共205词推荐做题时间10分钟）Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tr
26、ied,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-schedu
27、ling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that no
28、w,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.平平行行结结构构1.A.take B.takes C.took D.has taken2.A.sports B.business C.homework D.housework3.A.riding B.flying C.walking D.driving第17页/共33页完形填空。共205词推荐做题时间10分钟Xiao Qiang，a l 2-yea
29、r-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids be
30、come unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 46 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.
31、”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .K
32、ids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.前前提提示示后暗示后暗示1.A.take B.takes C.took D.has taken2.A.sports B.business C.homework D.housework3.A.riding B.flying C.walking D.driving相同或相似结构相同或相似结构第18页/共33页完形填空。共205词推荐做题时间10分钟Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activi
33、tiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when weare 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many acti
34、vities todo.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof thechildren aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids
35、 and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way tofootball practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learnhow to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learnwhen they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 abo
36、ut what isright for kids.因果关系因果关系表达心情的形容词表达心情的形容词应与表达心情的形容词匹配应与表达心情的形容词匹配后暗示后暗示4.A.but B.or C.because D.so5.A.excited B.interested C.worried D.dangerous6.A.great timeB.full time C.right time D.free time第19页/共33页完形填空。共205词推荐做题时间10分钟Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis fath
37、er 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to d
38、o.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a growing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and thei
39、r parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more difficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about wha
40、t is right for kids.后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构 7.A.slowly B.quickly C.quietly D.happily 8.A.on B.by C.in D.across 9.A.taller B.stronger C.older D.better10.A.hear B.think C.look D.tell固固定定搭搭配配结合句义推测结合句义推测固定搭配、语境固定搭配、语境第20页/共33页Step 4 再读文章，核查答案再读文章，核查答案 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，争取做到：争取做到：结构正确结构正确+语义通顺语义通顺+逻辑合理逻辑合理。第2
41、1页/共33页保留解题痕迹的卷面：Xiao Qiang，a l 2-year-old Chinese boy，has too many activitiesHis father 1 him away from school four afternoons a week and drives him across town to practice“I do most of my 2 in the car when we are 3 to practice，and I have to do the rest when I get homeI am too tried,I just want to
42、sleep.”He said.“More and more kids become unhappy 4 they have too many activities to do.”said Mr.Wang，an expert(专家)of child development“4lof the children aged 9-13 said they felt 5 most of the time，and more than 750f them said that they wished they had more 6 to play.”“Over-scheduling(过量的课程安排)is a g
43、rowing problem for Chinese families.”said Mr.WangIt is not good for both kids and their parents.More families eat dinner 7 or often eat fast food 8 their way to football practice or music lessons.We all know it is important for kids to learn how to relax.If they dont learn that now,it will be more d
44、ifficult to learn when they get 9 .Kids need time to relax.Parents should 10 about what is right for kids.后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构固固定定搭搭配配结合句义推测结合句义推测固定搭配、语境固定搭配、语境前提示前提示后暗示后暗示平平行行结结构构第22页/共33页Step 4 再读文章，核查答案再读文章，核查答案 将所有答案代入空格后，重新将短文复读一遍，争取做到：争取做到：结构正确结构正确+语义通顺语义通顺+逻辑合理逻辑合理。Now we have conquered K2.第23页/共33
45、页具体解题步骤具体解题步骤1 1、抓住首尾，了解短文、抓住首尾，了解短文2 2、通读全文，把握脉络、通读全文，把握脉络3 3、瞻前顾后，上下求索、瞻前顾后，上下求索4 4、再读文章，核查答案、再读文章，核查答案勾勾划划、研研读读首首句句尾尾句句以以及及有有中中文文注注释释的单词的单词,打开答题窗口打开答题窗口,了解全文。了解全文。跳跳过过空空格格，速速读读全全文文，把把握握大大意意。注注意意文文中中的的语语篇篇标标志志，和和句句中中的的连连词词,捕捉关键词汇。捕捉关键词汇。前前后后联联系系，先先易易后后难难。运运用用解解题题策策略略从从句句子子、段段落落、语语篇篇层层面面解解题题，划划出出语篇
46、标志，找准关键词、定位词语篇标志，找准关键词、定位词。代代入入答答案案，再再读读全全文文，反反复复检检查查 争争取取做做到到：结结构构正正确确+语语义义通通顺顺+逻逻辑辑合合理理。少于少于1分钟分钟约约5分钟分钟约约2分钟分钟约约2分钟分钟第24页/共33页 完形填空解题技巧口诀完形填空解题技巧口诀要想完形做得好，语篇理解最重要。要想完形做得好，语篇理解最重要。语义语用是考点，逻辑关系要判断。语义语用是考点，逻辑关系要判断。重首尾，看提示，平行结构要注意。重首尾，看提示，平行结构要注意。依语法，找搭配，根据常识来选择。依语法，找搭配，根据常识来选择。做标志，找关键，先易后难看时间。做标志，找关
47、键，先易后难看时间。按照步骤来做题，利用技巧闯难关。按照步骤来做题，利用技巧闯难关。第25页/共33页特别提示：特别提示：第26页/共33页三、解题误区1、单纯求快单纯求快忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。所有问题。正确的做法是正确的做法是在整体理解语篇的基础上结在整体理解语篇的基础上结合语境选择合语境选择。2 2、时间安排不当时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是正确
48、的做法是由易到难，合理分配时间由易到难，合理分配时间。第27页/共33页 Task 2 按照解题步骤，利用解题技巧两人小组完成按照解题步骤，利用解题技巧两人小组完成20142014年河南省中考模拟题，年河南省中考模拟题，保留解题的痕迹。保留解题的痕迹。首、尾句及文章中心句：首、尾句及文章中心句：关键词，提示词：关键词，提示词：完形填空推荐圈点勾画符号：完形填空推荐圈点勾画符号：第28页/共33页OnedaythebathroomdoorhadslammedonTimmysfinger.ThedoctoraskedifwehadfoundthetipofTimmysfinger.Hesaidth
49、erewasasmallchanceof36itifwecouldgetittohimquickly.Pullingmyselfoutofadaze,Iranbacktothebathroom.37,ithadalreadyturnedblue.Iknewfromthelookonthedoctorsfacethatitwastoolate.Ifelthelpless,unabletotakethepainawayfrommylittleboy.Thena(n)38cametome.Iwhisperedinhisear,“Timmy,didyouknowthatlizards（蜥蜴）growt
50、heirtailsbackandlittleboyscangrowtheirfingersbacktoo?”Timmyssoftgreeneyesgrewwide39excitement.“Theycan?”heasked,obviouslysurprisedbythethought,“And 40?”Itoldhim,“Insideyourheadyouhavealittlevoicetellingyourfingerhowmuchyouloveitandhowmuchyou41it.”IcouldseeTimmyslittlefacefocusedindeepconcentration.T