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1、 英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三第1页/共80页 虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。第2页/共80页I wish I _(be)as tall as you.were第3页/共80页I wish I were a bird.I wish I were a bird.第4页/共80页I wish every day _(be)my birthday.were
2、第5页/共80页I wish/wished I _(eat)so much watermelon.hadnt eaten第6页/共80页I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish it would rain tomorrow.第7页/共80页wish引导的虚拟句第8页/共80页表示愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式 2)过去：用过去完成式(had done)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do第9页/共80页I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How
3、I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在had done 过去would/might/would do 将来第10页/共80页虚拟语气例句1.I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。2.I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。3.I wish(that)you would get a
4、 good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好。虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 第11页/共80页虚拟语气if only 意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.第12页/共80页If only(1)要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followe
5、d your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了.第13页/共80页if引导的虚拟条件句第14页/共80页区别:If it rains tomorrow,the crops will be saved.If it rained tomorrow,the crops would be saved.陈述语气虚拟语气第1
6、5页/共80页If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have gone第16页/共80页If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 第17页/共80页If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been 第18页/共80页If the staff had been more careful,the
7、mall would not be on fire now.第19页/共80页What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery,I would第20页/共80页If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.第21页/共80页If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.第22页/共80页If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.第23页/共80页If
8、 it were fine now,I would go shopping.第24页/共80页If he got up early,he would be on time第25页/共80页虚拟语气例句1.If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)2.If it were sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)3.If I were you,I would go at o
9、nce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在 在条件从句中第26页/共80页主从句的谓语形式时间If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did/werehad donewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.should do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原)第27页/共80页If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形If I were y
10、ou,I would try it again.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句第28页/共80页If+主+had done sth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her,I woul
11、d have been unhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句第29页/共80页与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(were to/should do),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形第30页/共80页If虚拟句的倒
12、装第31页/共80页 万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。we will have to put off the sports meet.In case it rains,In case of rain,If it should rain,Should it rain,第32页/共80页如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他Were I you,Had he been there yesterday,Should it snow tomorrow,If I were you,I would try it again.If he ha
13、d been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。第33页/共80页1._the exam,he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passedC.Were he passed D.If he should pass2._five minutes earlier,you could hav
14、e seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arriveC.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive第34页/共80页名词性从句中的虚拟语气及几种虚拟语气特殊句型第35页/共80页1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose (advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句
15、中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。第36页/共80页My demand is that she _(come)to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down.He suggested that we _(go)to Beijing for sightseeing.The proposal that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed.(should)go(should)come(sho
16、uld)be(should)go表语从句同位语从句宾语从句同位语从句第37页/共80页We suggest that you(should)be there on time.=Our suggestion is that you(should)be there on time=It is our suggestion that you(should)be there on time.=It is suggested that you(should)be there on time.第38页/共80页注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”坚持认为“时，宾语从句 用陈述语
17、气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas第39页/共80页虚拟语气4.在句型“It is important(necessary,stra
18、nge,natural)that.”中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形 例句1)Its necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。2)Its natural that she should do so.她这样做是很自然的。3)Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。虚拟语气在 在主语从句中第40页/共80页主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：a.It is suggested,ordered,proposed
19、,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do b.It is important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative c.It is a pity,a shame,no wonder 第41页/共80页考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takes B.has to takeC.must take D.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would te
20、ll B.should tell C.had told D.has toldDB第42页/共80页He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)第43页/共80页He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.第44页/共80页虚拟语气6.在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完
21、成式(had done).一、as if(as though)连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice.她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。He speaks to us as if he had been there.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中第45页/共80页as i
22、f/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)had done(过去)would+动词原形(将来)第46页/共80页 区别：He speaks English as if/though he is from the USA.陈述语气He speaks English as if/though he were from the USA.虚拟语气第47页/共80页虚拟语气Its(high/right)time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+do Its time that you left here.It is high time th
23、at the children should go to bed虚拟语气中的几个特例第48页/共80页Its(about/high)time+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its(about)time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.第49页/共80页虚拟语气在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中 虚拟语气中的几个特例第50页/共80页1.would
24、rather that现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.第51页/共80页虚拟语气4.一些介词短语,如:but for(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),in that case(如果是那样的话),表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without/But for your help,we would not have made such rapid pro
25、gress.虚拟语气中的几个特例第52页/共80页 有时为了表达需要有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现并不总是出现 if 引引导的条件句导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条而通过其他手段来代替条件句件句.1.I was ill that day.0therwise,I _(take)part in the sports meet.2.I _(give)you more help,but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking_(be)dead in seven days.4.But for water,it _(be)impossible to liv
26、e in the desert.would have takenmight have given would be would be 第53页/共80页虚拟语气时态的判定第54页/共80页注意:假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。第55页/共80页如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从
27、句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days,we should be going on with the works.第56页/共80页If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you,I would have gone
28、 to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）第57页/共80页If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）第58页/共80页 1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了 If the weather
29、_finer,the crops _still better.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了 If you _ the teachers advice,you _ in the hospital.3.如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的 If you in better health,we _ you to go there to help their work.had beencould have allowedwould be growinghad followedwouldnt bewere第59页/共80页虚拟语气1.Alan _ the p
30、arty if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed2.If I had known you were coming,I _ you at the airport.A.had met B.met C.would meet D.would have metMore ExercisesAD第60页/共80页虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.
31、would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneBAB第61页/共80页虚拟语气6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should ge
32、t7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentCAB第62页/共80页虚拟语气9.Have you ever been to Beijing?-No,but I wish I _.A.have B.will C.do D.had10.I dont think it
33、 is the right time that you _.A.will go B.went C.go D.must go11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it 11.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken C.were broken D.had been brokenDB
34、C第63页/共80页 PracticeFinish a writing passage,according to the Chinese given.JimJim刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不刚刚做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游能走动。他后悔如果前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因戏，今天早晨就可以早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了。妈妈也因为妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时JimJim也在也在遗憾下周的运动会不能参加了，预想的遗憾下周的运动会不
35、能参加了，预想的400400米米冠军也不能得到了。冠军也不能得到了。第64页/共80页 PracticeComplete the following passage with the verbs in brackets,using the Subjunctive Mood.第65页/共80页 Jim has just had an operation on his leg.He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months.Now he regrets what he did:The accident would
36、 not have happened if he had not been so foolish.He (not wake up)so late that morning if he _(not stay up)late the night before playing computer games.wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up第66页/共80页 Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up)half an hour earlier,he _(not ride)his bike so crazily.”Jims mot
37、her blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow)advice and gone to bed earlier,he _(spend)more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit第67页/共80页 “Yes,indeed,Mum”answered Jim in a low voice.“But yo
38、u know if I _(not notice)the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden,I_(knock)her down.My leg_(not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken第68页/共80页 Lying in bed,Jim kept on saying“How I wish I_(be)more c
39、areful,Mum!”It was true that if this accident had not happened,Jim _(find)himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be)possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join)them the next week.had beenwould foundwould becould join第69页/共80页so that 与i
40、n order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.第70页/共80页9
41、.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就 Long live the people!人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”第71页/共80页 含蓄条件句第72页/共80页非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:第73页/共80页1.条件暗含在短语中。如：W hat would I hav
42、e done without you?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)It would be easier to do it this way.(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.(暗含条件是but for your help)第74页/共80页This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)H
43、e must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could have vanquished that great beast.(暗含条件是连词or)Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含条件是alone)第75页/共80页2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever.(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded.(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be
44、 ruined.(可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)第76页/共80页3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：You wouldnt know.你不会知道。I would like to come.我愿意来。I wouldnt have dreamed of it.这是我做梦也不会想到的。He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样 第77页/共80页第78页/共80页知识回顾Knowledge Review第79页/共80页感谢您的观看！第80页/共80页