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1、Table of Contents目录目录 VI 主要葡萄酒产国 VII 主要葡萄品种 VIII 酒标 IX 葡萄酒单 X 葡萄酒服务 XI 葡萄酒品尝VIMainWineCountriesVIIMainGrapeVarietiesVIIIWineLabelsIXWinelistXWineserviceXIWinetasting第1页/共63页I Wine HistoryI 葡萄酒历史第2页/共63页Middle AsiaCaspian SeaMesopotamiaWine History50005000BCBCAncientAncientEgyptEgypt25002500BCBCAncie
2、ntAncientGreeceGreece16001600BCBCRomanRomanEmpireEmpire10001000BCBCGaul(France)SpainGermanyAustria400400BC-100ADBC-100AD1400-16001400-1600SouthAfricaMexicoArgentina17691769California(USA)California(USA)AustraliaAustraliaNewNewZealandZealand1788-18191788-1819第3页/共63页中东里海美索布达米亚葡萄酒历史葡萄酒历史公元公元50005000前前
3、古埃及古埃及公元公元25002500前前前前古希腊古希腊公元公元16001600年前年前古罗马帝国古罗马帝国公元公元10001000年前年前法国高卢西班牙德国奥地利公元公元400400年前至年前至公元公元100100年年公元公元1400-16001400-1600年年南非墨西哥阿根廷17691769加利福尼亚（美国）加利福尼亚（美国）澳大利亚澳大利亚新西兰新西兰1788-18191788-1819第4页/共63页II Alcoholic BeveragesII 含酒精饮料第5页/共63页Fruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg:Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮料 例如:葡
4、萄酒Grain or vegetable based alcoholic beverages Eg:Beer,Chinese rice wine,Sake谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料 例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒Fermented Alcoholic Beverage发酵型酒精饮料发酵型酒精饮料Duringthefermentationprocess,yeast convertssugarintoalcoholandCo2在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳第6页/共63页Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料蒸馏型酒精饮料History:Mesopota
5、mia 3500BC-First Distillation used for perfume making 历史:美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造Distillation:Separation of liquids by evaporation 蒸馏:利用蒸发原理将液体分开Spirits:Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒:利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度Liquors:Sweetened or flavored spirits 利口酒:加
6、香和增甜的烈酒第7页/共63页A few distilled alcoholic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandy一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地Tips：Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识：小知识：干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地Distilled Alcoholic Beverage蒸馏型酒精饮料第8页/共63页 Summary 摘要Alcoholic BeveragesAlcoholic Be
7、verages含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料含酒精饮料 1)Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2)Distilled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料 Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料第9页/共63页Ripe&Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄Crush the berries,release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果,使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物Fermentation conver
8、ts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE 葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁III Definition of Wine 葡萄酒的定义第10页/共63页IV Components of WineFlavor Compounds (0.1%)Color&Tannins(in red wines)(0.3%)Acids (1%)Sugar (0.1%dry-8%sweet)Alcohol (10%table wines,20%fortified wines)Water (80%-90%)Notes:App
9、roximate percentages by weight第11页/共63页IV 葡萄酒成分含香物质含香物质 (0.1%)色素和丹宁色素和丹宁 (红葡萄酒)(0.3%)酸酸 (1%)糖份糖份 (0.1%干干-8%sweet甜甜)酒精酒精 (餐酒餐酒10%,加加强葡萄强葡萄酒酒20%)水份水份 (80%-90%)注注:以上为重量的大约百分比以上为重量的大约百分比第12页/共63页V Types of wineV 葡萄酒种类第13页/共63页Types of Wine（By wine making process）ChampagneCavaPort,SherryRedRed WhiteWhite
10、RoseRoseSPARKLING WINE STILL WINEFORTIFIED WINE OtherSparklingwines 第14页/共63页葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）香槟酒加瓦钵酒,雪利酒红葡萄酒红葡萄酒 白葡萄酒白葡萄酒玫瑰酒玫瑰酒汽泡酒普通葡萄酒加强葡萄酒其他汽泡酒 第15页/共63页Types of Wine（By service sequence during a meal）Aperitif Aperitif （Dry sherryDry sherry，Champagne,Champagne,Dry Dry whitewhite）Table WineTable Wine
11、(Red,White,Rose)(Red,White,Rose)Dessert WineDessert Wine(Botrytis,Ice wine,Port(Botrytis,Ice wine,Port，Late Late Harvest)Harvest)DigestiveDigestive (Liquors,Grappa)(Liquors,Grappa)SugaralcohollowhighlowhighBeginning of the mealEnd of the meal第16页/共63页葡萄酒种类（按用餐时上酒顺序）餐前酒餐前酒 (干雪利酒干雪利酒,香槟酒香槟酒,干白葡萄酒干白葡萄酒
12、)餐酒餐酒 (红红,白白,玫瑰葡萄酒玫瑰葡萄酒)甜酒甜酒 (贵腐酒贵腐酒,冰酒冰酒,钵酒钵酒,晚丰收葡萄酒晚丰收葡萄酒)餐后消化酒餐后消化酒 (利口酒利口酒,果渣酒果渣酒)糖份酒精低高低高用餐开始用餐结束第17页/共63页Old WorldOld World旧旧旧旧世界世界世界世界France法国法国 2*Italy意大利意大利 1*Spain西班牙西班牙3*New WorldNew World新新新新世界世界世界世界USA美国美国 4*Australia澳大利亚澳大利亚6*Chile智利智利Argentina 阿根廷阿根廷5*New Zealand新西新西兰兰South Africa南非南非
13、*Top six producers in volume产量前六名国家产量前六名国家VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国 (Southern hemisphere+USA)南半球美国 (European Countries)欧洲国家第18页/共63页Old World VS New World旧世界VS新世界Integrate more the soil and climate factors.“Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征Long tradition and history悠久历史和传统 Good visibility to the consumers
14、客人容易理解Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种Consistent weather 相应气候Difficult visibility to the consumers客人不易理解 Lots of regulations很多规则Too much standardization标准太多Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短Oldworld旧世界(European Countries 欧洲国家欧洲国家)(Southern hemisphere+USA 南半球南半球 美国美国)Pros优点New World 新世
15、界Cons缺点第19页/共63页VIIGrapeVarieties葡萄品种第20页/共63页Summary摘要8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种1,000 grape varieties used for wine around the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄50 traditionally used in S
16、pain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄Grape variety,a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素第21页/共63页Main White Grape Varieties主要白葡萄品种White Grapes白葡萄品种Chardonnay/莎当妮 Sauvignon Blanc/白苏维翁 Riesling/薏丝琳 Gewuztraminer /格乌兹莱妮 Pinot Grigio/灰皮诺Viognier/威格尼第22页/共63页White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种NativetoBurgu
17、ndy源于法国的勃根第地区Nowworldsmostfashionable&famouswhitevariety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种Creamyandfull-bodied口感柔和饱满Whitefruitsandnuttyflavor白色水果及干果味Chardonnay莎当妮莎当妮第23页/共63页White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Bordeaux,centralLoire波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部Crispacidity清新爽口偏酸Freshandaromatic清新果香芬芳CitrusandGrassy柑桔及青草味Sauvignon Blanc白苏维翁白苏维
18、翁第24页/共63页White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种GrowninAlsace,Germany,SouthAustralia,WashingtonState,etc种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区,南澳大利亚,华盛顿Versatile(dry,tartwinetoSweetlate-harvestwine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化）Floralandmineralflavor花香及矿物味Naturallyhighacidity天然酸度高Atremendouscapacitytoage可陈年 Riesling 薏丝琳薏丝琳第25页/共63页Whit
19、e Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种Alsace,Germany,Austria阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利Complex,generous层次分明，特征丰富鲜明Lychee,rose,spices,clovenotes荔枝，玫瑰、丁香的辛辣味TropicalFruit&Cinnamon热带水果味&肉桂味Gewurztraminer 格乌兹莱妮格乌兹莱妮第26页/共63页PopularinNorthernItaly盛产于意大利北部FruiliandVeneto福茹利、维纳图FreshandAromatic新鲜，芬芳Lightcolor 颜色偏淡Pinot Grigio 灰皮诺灰皮
20、诺White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种第27页/共63页NorthernRhne,Australia,California北罗纳谷,奥大利亚,美国加州PrestigiousCondrieuAOC有声望的孔德里欧法定产地Peachflavor桃子香Verylowacidity酸度极低Viognier威格尼威格尼White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种白葡萄品种第28页/共63页VII Main Grape Varieties 主要主要葡萄品种葡萄品种 Red varieties 红葡萄品种红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon/加本力苏维翁加本力
21、苏维翁 Merlot/梅洛梅洛 Pinot Noir/黑皮诺黑皮诺 Gamay/甘美甘美 Shiraz(Syrah)/设拉子设拉子 Sangiovese/桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯 Nebbiolo/尼比奥罗尼比奥罗 Zinfandel/仙芬黛仙芬黛 Tempranillo/泰普妮洛泰普妮洛第29页/共63页AclassicBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Full-bodied,tannic酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富Verycomplex,longevolution口味丰富，陈年长Blackcurrant,violet黑加仑，紫罗兰Cabernet Sauvignon加本力苏维翁加本力苏维翁
22、Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第30页/共63页AtraditionalBordeauxgrape传统波尔多葡萄品种Suppleandround口感柔顺，饱满Blackandredcherry黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力Merlot梅洛梅洛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第31页/共63页 KingofBurgundy勃根蒂之王Cherry,raspberry樱桃、覆盆子Spicenotes稍带辛辣Earthycomplexities泥土气息Asilkytexture,littletannins丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡Pinot Noi
23、r黑皮诺黑皮诺Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第32页/共63页GrapeusedtomakeBeaujolais用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄Lightpurpleincolor酒体呈浅紫色Fruityandlightintannins果香浓郁,口感柔和Tobedrunkyoung趁年轻时喝 Gamay 甘美甘美Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第33页/共63页MostlygrowninRhneRegion,France,Australia主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区,澳大利亚Richblackandredberryfruit,plum丰富的黑色、红色浆
24、果及李子味Gameandspicecomplexity丰富的野味及辛辣味Richandfull-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满 Shiraz or Syrah 设拉子设拉子Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第34页/共63页 Italysmostcommongrape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种Chianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制BrunellodiMontalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺Lightlyfragrantwines酒香清淡Adistinctbittercherrytaste独特的苦莓味Tighttannins强烈的丹宁味Sangiovese桑吉奥维斯桑吉奥维斯Re
25、d Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第35页/共63页 Piemontesegrape(Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种GrapeforBarolo&Barbaresco酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒Tannic,acidicandaustere.丹宁丰富、酸度适中、深沉Complex,full-bodied酒体饱满，口味丰富Betteraftermorethan4yearsaging最好陈年4年以上Nebbiolo尼比奥罗尼比奥罗Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第36页/共63页MostlygrowninCalifornia主要种植于美国加
26、州地区Deeplyconcentratedberryfruit浓缩的浆果味Jammy果酱味Intriguingspicenotes独特香辣Abigfinish回味极佳 Zinfandel仙芬黛仙芬黛Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种第37页/共63页Red Grape Varieties红葡萄品种红葡萄品种 ThefineSpanishvariety很好的西班牙葡萄品种Rioja,Valdepenas里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区，Elegantandaromatic优雅，芬芳Tempranillo泰普妮洛泰普妮洛第38页/共63页VIII Wine Labels酒标第39页/共
27、63页&How to Read Wine Label怎样解读酒标怎样解读酒标?&Winery 酒庄名酒庄名&Vintage年份年份&Alcohol Level酒精含量酒精含量&Net Volume 净含量净含量&(Name of Wine)酒名酒名&New World New World 新世界新世界新世界新世界&Grape Variety葡萄品种葡萄品种&Old World Old World 旧世界旧世界旧世界旧世界&Appellation产地产地&Classification等级等级Usualcontentsofalabel酒标里包含的内容第40页/共63页 Sample from th
28、e New World来自新世界的样标来自新世界的样标 S第41页/共63页 Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标来自旧世界的样标Whatisthegrapevariety?葡萄品种是什么？第42页/共63页 IX Wine Lists酒单酒单 第43页/共63页IX Types of Wine list 酒单种类酒单种类Wine list by region根据产区的分类根据产区的分类Wine list by alphabetic order根据字母顺序分类根据字母顺序分类Wine list by varieties根据葡萄品种分类根据葡萄品种分类Wine l
29、ist by intensity of wine根据葡萄的强度分类根据葡萄的强度分类Others其他其他第44页/共63页 X Wine Service葡萄酒服务 第45页/共63页X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务葡萄酒服务 Presentationofthewinelist介绍酒单Taketheorderwithouthesitation确认订单Theclientasksforrecommendations客户要求推荐Recommendationsoffered建议Theclientmaydoubtreinforce客户也许置疑加强你的推荐Presentationofthewine展
30、示葡萄酒Openthewinebottle葡萄酒开瓶Clienttastesthewine客人品尝葡萄酒Winerejections拒绝葡萄酒Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物Pouringsequence斟酒顺序Glassrefillandreorder葡萄酒续杯和加酒第46页/共63页Simplyaskwhoisgoingtoorderthewine简单询问哪位客人会点酒Thewineorderistakenrightaftertheorderofthedishes点餐完毕后点酒Theclientcan:-eithermakehiswineorderwithouthes
31、itation客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒-ortheclientmayaskforarecommendation或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐 Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒单介绍酒单 第47页/共63页 Take the Order Without hesitations客人自主点酒客人自主点酒 Listentotheclientcarefully仔细聆听客人的需求Reformulateclearlyhischoice再清楚无误的重复他的选择Youmaycongratulatehim/heronthechoice,especiallyinfront
32、oftheirguests你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前Nevercontradicthim,respecthistastes不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味Nevercriticizeawine绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒第48页/共63页Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄客人要求被推荐葡萄酒酒Listen pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget.根据他的菜肴和预算，推
33、荐相应的葡萄酒 Pay attention to the circumstances&season 注意环境和季节的变化Offer one or two recommendations,no more.Do not read the wine list！只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单Justify your choice briefly with a few words 简短的介绍一下你的推荐第49页/共63页Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示推荐小贴示 TraditionalTraditional drinkers drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人经常饮用葡萄酒的
34、客人Promote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地Promote the grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同1.Region and appellation 产地产地 2.Vintage 年份年份1.Grape variety 葡萄葡萄品种品种2.Origin 产产地地(European clients 欧洲客人欧洲客人)(Southern hemisphere USA clients 南半球南半球 美国客人美国客人)NewNewdrinkersdrinkers刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人第50页/共63页Wha
35、t if the Client is in Doubt?当客户犹豫不决时该如何做当客户犹豫不决时该如何做Show him that you fully understood his request 说明你完全理解他的需要Perhaps recommend him another wine 或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒 Most of the time,the client needs to be reassured 大多数时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择“To do so,tell him a few words about the vineyards,winemaker,recent wi
36、ne tasting”接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.第51页/共63页Presentation of the Wine出示葡萄酒出示葡萄酒 Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered 站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标Never hold the bottle by the neck 绝对不要握酒瓶的瓶颈Do not shake the bottle.Be gentle.不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。Red wine should be served
37、 at room temperature 红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝White,rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring 白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温第52页/共63页Open the Wine Bottle葡萄酒开瓶葡萄酒开瓶Always open in the presence of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标Do not t
38、urn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人Cut the foil below the neck with opener.Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞Bend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音Present the cork upon successful removal from the bottle.Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒
39、后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上第53页/共63页 Give the Client a Taste of the Wine客人品酒客人品酒Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine 请点酒的那位客人先试酒Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest 倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人Ensure approval is given before you go on pouring 点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒第54页
40、/共63页Wine Rejections拒绝拒绝Corkiness:If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard,then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染Oxidation:Sometimes the wine can be oxidized,meaning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化第55页/共63页Precipitations&Sediments沉淀物沉淀物Sometimes,one can find Deposit of Crys
41、talsDeposit of Crystals in white wineswhite wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀酒石酸沉淀 SedimentSediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged redaged red&port winesport wines.有年份的红葡萄酒及有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质葡萄酒中的天然固体物质 -Nee
42、d to be decanted 需要进行醒酒需要进行醒酒Theses in no way affect the wine quality这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量第56页/共63页Precipitations&Sediments 沉淀物Sometimes,one can find a deposit of crystals in whitewhite wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。-Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀Sedimentcanaccumulateatthebottomofaged redaged red&por
43、t winesport wines有年份的红葡萄酒及钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。-Naturalwinesolids葡萄酒中的天然固体物质-Shouldbedecanted需要进行醒酒 These in no way affect the wine quality,nor the consumers health这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量第57页/共63页 Wine Pouring Sequence侍酒顺序侍酒顺序From the right hand side,pour the wine for ladies first,clockwise from the host,t
44、hen for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向The person who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass最后才将主人的酒杯加满Twist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶第58页/共63页 Glass Refill and Reorder续杯和加酒续杯和加酒 Glass refill 续杯续杯 Ma
45、ke sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯，除非得到停止续杯的指令Recommend 2nd bottle or a new wine 加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒 Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when th
46、ere is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒第59页/共63页At least two persons至少两个人:-The trainer acts as a client 培训师扮演客人 -The volunteer acts as the waiter 志愿者扮演侍者Follow the sequence of the wine service including bottle opening and wine pouring 演示侍酒服务的顺序包括开瓶和侍酒Role Play 角色扮演角色扮演第60页/共63页XI Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧品酒技巧1)Appearance:Clarity,Brightness,Colorandintensity视觉：澄清度，亮度，颜色及深浅2)Nose:IntensityandAromas嗅觉：香气及浓郁程度3)Taste:Balance,flavorsandlength味觉：平衡口味及留香 第61页/共63页Thank you!谢谢第62页/共63页感谢您的观看！第63页/共63页