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1、西华大学选修课英美文化与翻译英美文化中的概念与知识翻译How is Culture Learned by Children?through everyday imitation of those around us.through everyday imitation of those around us.language-culture and language are inextricably language-culture and language are inextricably linked.linked.How can we study foreign cultures?Is l
2、anguage enough?Is language enough?textbooks-sociology,anthropologytextbooks-sociology,anthropologypostmodern approach=anything that is a text,postmodern approach=anything that is a text,movie,novel,advertisement can all be seen as signs movie,novel,advertisement can all be seen as signs of the cultu
3、re that produced them.of the culture that produced them.the fish out of water approachthe fish out of water approachCindy SheehanCindy Sheehan“The Peace Mom”“The Peace Mom”Issue:the Ban on Fox HuntingIssue:the Ban on Fox HuntingThe traditional sport The traditional sport of fox hunting dates of fox
4、hunting dates back to the 15th back to the 15th century.century.Traditionally it is a Traditionally it is a sport for the leisure sport for the leisure class-the richclass-the richUniforms are worn Uniforms are worn by participants and a by participants and a strict procedure is strict procedure is
5、followed.followed.Master of the Master of the HuntHunt30-40 Hounds 30-40 Hounds controlled by controlled by HuntsmanHuntsman2 or 3 2 or 3 whippers-whippers-in in assist in assist in keeping the pack keeping the pack together and together and sighting foxessighting foxesOther Other participants are p
6、articipants are called called followersfollowersPro-Hunt ArgumentsNo law should curtail the right to do as you like as No law should curtail the right to do as you like as long as you do not harm others.long as you do not harm others.We should control the fox population-there are no We should contro
7、l the fox population-there are no other natural predators.other natural predators.Fox Hunting is not only for the noble class;hunting is Fox Hunting is not only for the noble class;hunting is an integral part of rural communities.an integral part of rural communities.Anti-Hunt ArgumentsTraditional f
8、ox hunting is excessively cruel-the fox is Traditional fox hunting is excessively cruel-the fox is chased for hours before being torn to pieces and its chased for hours before being torn to pieces and its suffering is tremendous.suffering is tremendous.The government has the right to regulate cruelt
9、y to The government has the right to regulate cruelty to animals-cock fighting,bear and bull baiting,and dog animals-cock fighting,bear and bull baiting,and dog fighting were all outlawed in the 19th century.fighting were all outlawed in the 19th century.Hey Ned,hows it going?Cant complain.Beautiful
10、 day,huh?Ha ha ha,I was thinking the same thing!Hey,Ive gotta get going.Not bad Marge,how bout you?Sure is.Perfect day to play hooky.You too.Have a good day.Etiquette&MannersCommon Courtesysmiling,engaging in small talk.smiling,engaging in small talk.personal spacepersonal spaceforming linesforming
11、linesrespect for environmentrespect for environmentno staringno staringTraditional etiquette requires courtesy to women.Today Traditional etiquette requires courtesy to women.Today some consider this a bit sexist.some consider this a bit sexist.Taboo TopicsGenerally,never ask:Generally,never ask:a w
12、oman her agea woman her agehow much someone makes(except close friends)how much someone makes(except close friends)In polite company,avoid conversations or jokes about In polite company,avoid conversations or jokes about politics,religion,sex or money.politics,religion,sex or money.White LiesAmerica
13、ns think its rude to say:Americans think its rude to say:“Have you gained weight?”“Have you gained weight?”“You look terrible!”“You look terrible!”“What an awful haircut!”“What an awful haircut!”In general,Americans dont comment on others In general,Americans dont comment on others appearance unless
14、 its positive.appearance unless its positive.Euphemismspoor low-income,working classpoor low-income,working classfat curvy,overweight,stout,huskyfat curvy,overweight,stout,huskyugly plain ugly plain old mature,seniorold mature,seniorstupid slowstupid slowHis grandfather His grandfather passed awaypa
15、ssed away.My father is between jobs My father is between jobs but but has two interviews today.has two interviews today.Our son is Our son is a speciala special child.child.Euphemisms of deathto go to sleep长眠长眠to be no more没了，不在了没了，不在了to close ones eyes合眼，闭眼合眼，闭眼to become an immortal成为永恒成为永恒to pass
16、away与世长辞与世长辞to breathe the last咽气，断气咽气，断气to pay the debt of nature了结尘缘了结尘缘to rest in peace安息安息to ascend/go to heaven进天堂进天堂to be called to nature去见上帝去见上帝to depart from his life离开人世，撒手人寰离开人世，撒手人寰to lay down ones life献身，捐躯献身，捐躯忽见东府里几个人，忽见东府里几个人，慌慌张张跑来，说：慌慌张张跑来，说：“老爷老爷宾天宾天了了！”（西府）众人听了，忙都说：（西府）众人听了，忙都说：“
17、好好的并无疾病，好好的并无疾病，怎么就怎么就没了没了！”家人说：家人说：“老爷天天修炼，定是功成圆老爷天天修炼，定是功成圆满，满，升仙升仙去了。去了。”（红楼梦）（红楼梦）some servants from the Eastern Mansion came some servants from the Eastern Mansion came rushing up frantically.“rushing up frantically.“T The old master has he old master has ascended to Heavenascended to Heaven!”t
18、hey announced.Everybody!”they announced.Everybody was consternated.“He wasnt even ill,how could was consternated.“He wasnt even ill,how could he he pass awaypass away so suddenly?”they exclaimed.The so suddenly?”they exclaimed.The servants explained,servants explained,“his lordship took elixirs ever
19、y his lordship took elixirs every day;now he must have achieved his aim and day;now he must have achieved his aim and become an immortalbecome an immortal.”.”Key Words in Key Words in CultureCulturebees and birds a term used to describe the basic information about human sexuality and reproduction.E.
20、g.Its time to discuss E.g.Its time to discuss the the birds and beesbirds and bees with your son.with your son.Dear John a letter from a woman telling her lover she is ending the relationship.E.g.Mary broke off her relationship with her E.g.Mary broke off her relationship with her boyfriend by writi
21、ng him a boyfriend by writing him a Dear JohnDear John.disk jockey also called“D.J.”a radio announcer,especially in music.E.g.A E.g.A disk jockeydisk jockey usually goes on the air for 4 hours a day.usually goes on the air for 4 hours a day.Keys:Keys:基本性知识、断交信、基本性知识、断交信、音乐节目主持人音乐节目主持人DINK an acronym
22、 for couples with dual income and no children.E.g.The point of this category is that DINKS have more E.g.The point of this category is that DINKS have more disposable income than the average family.disposable income than the average family.discrimination the different treatment for certain racial,re
23、ligious or sexual groups.E.g.A recent survey showed that sex discrimination is E.g.A recent survey showed that sex discrimination is still very rampant in places of employment across America.still very rampant in places of employment across America.hippies a member of the 1960s youth culture,alienat
24、ed from society and interested in drugs,sexual freedom,mysticism,and pacifism。E.g.Rock groups such as the Beetles,E.g.Rock groups such as the Beetles,the Rolling Stones and the Doors,symbolize the hippie movement of the Rolling Stones and the Doors,symbolize the hippie movement of 1960s.1960s.Keys:K
25、eys:丁克家庭、差别歧视、嬉皮士丁克家庭、差别歧视、嬉皮士confusable wordshippies:hippies:嬉皮士，又称游戏人生族（嬉皮士，又称游戏人生族（flower flower children/people)children/people)。产生于。产生于2020世纪世纪6060年代旧金山的年代旧金山的H.I.PH.I.P组织。消极的和平主义者，吸毒，蓄长发，穿组织。消极的和平主义者，吸毒，蓄长发，穿奇装异服。奇装异服。yuppies:yuppies:雅皮士雅皮士(abbreviation of young urban(abbreviation of young urb
26、an professionals)professionals)。中上阶层的年轻专业人士。中上阶层的年轻专业人士。Buddhism a religion and philosophic system founded in India in the 6th century B.C.a religion and philosophic system founded in India in the 6th century B.C.by Siddhartha Gautama,the Buddha,teaching that mediation and the by Siddhartha Gautama,
27、the Buddha,teaching that mediation and the Eightfold path enable one to escape suffering and achieve Nirvana.Eightfold path enable one to escape suffering and achieve Nirvana.Christianity the doctrine,faith and religious practices based on belief in Jesus Christ as the doctrine,faith and religious p
28、ractices based on belief in Jesus Christ as the Messiah and Son of God as recorded in the Bible.the Messiah and Son of God as recorded in the Bible.Confucianism the ethical and social teachings based on the sayings of Confucius in China the ethical and social teachings based on the sayings of Confuc
29、ius in China in 6th century B.C.in 6th century B.C.Mohammedanism the religion of the followers of Mohammed(570-632A.D.),who the religion of the followers of Mohammed(570-632A.D.),who announced himself as the prophet of the one true God,Allah.announced himself as the prophet of the one true God,Allah
30、.Keys:Keys:佛教、基督教、儒家学说、伊斯兰教佛教、基督教、儒家学说、伊斯兰教Some Metaphors in CultureSome Metaphors in CultureUncle SamUncle Sam 美国美国Capital HillCapital Hill 美国国会美国国会DonkeyDonkey 美国民主党美国民主党ElephantElephant 美国共和党美国共和党PentagonPentagon 美国国防部美国国防部Dove Dove 鸽派，持温和路线者鸽派，持温和路线者HawkHawk 鹰派，持强硬路线者鹰派，持强硬路线者BroadwayBroadway 纽约
31、、美国戏剧业纽约、美国戏剧业Oval OfficeOval Office 总统办公室总统办公室Green BeretGreen Beret 美国特种部队美国特种部队Silicon ValleySilicon Valley 美国高科技集中地美国高科技集中地HollywoodHollywood 美国电影业美国电影业Madison AvenueMadison Avenue 美国广告业美国广告业Wall StreetWall Street 美国金融界美国金融界LangleyLangley 美国中央情报局美国中央情报局blue helmetsblue helmets 联合国维和部队联合国维和部队Buck
32、ingham Palace/WindsorBuckingham Palace/Windsor 英国王室英国王室Downing Street/WhitehallDowning Street/Whitehall 英国首相府，内阁英国首相府，内阁Scotland YardScotland Yard 伦敦警察局伦敦警察局WestminsterWestminster 英国议会英国议会Fleet StreetFleet Street 英国新闻界，报业英国新闻界，报业Kremlin Kremlin 俄罗斯政府俄罗斯政府Translation PracticeTranslation Practice 1.I
33、read some of my poetry aloud to them,but it was casting pearls before swine.They obviously didnt understand a word of it and soon started yawning,looking at their watches and fidgeting in their chairs.2.2.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向，大力加强社会主义精神文牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向，大力加强社会主义精神文明建设。明建设。认真贯彻公民道德建设实施纲要，加强爱国主义教育，弘扬和认真贯彻公民道德建设
34、实施纲要，加强爱国主义教育，弘扬和培育民族精神。培育民族精神。广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。进一步繁荣文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业，着力进一步繁荣文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业，着力推出一批优秀作品。推出一批优秀作品。深化文化体制改革，积极发展文化事业和文化产业。深化文化体制改革，积极发展文化事业和文化产业。加强文物和文化遗产保护。加强文物和文化遗产保护。加强国际文化交流。加强国际文化交流。普及科学知识，反对迷信，倡导文明健康的生活方式。普及科学知识，反对迷信，倡导文明健康的生活方式。坚持不懈地开展坚持不懈地开展“扫黄扫黄”、“打非打非”斗争
35、。斗争。Keys:1.我给他们朗诵了我写的几首诗我给他们朗诵了我写的几首诗，可却是对牛弹琴。他们显然，可却是对牛弹琴。他们显然一个字都不懂，不一会儿他们就打哈欠，看手表，在椅子上烦一个字都不懂，不一会儿他们就打哈欠，看手表，在椅子上烦躁不安躁不安。I read some of my poetry aloud to them,but it was casting pearls before swine.They obviously didnt understand a word of it and soon started yawning,looking at their watches and
36、 fidgeting in their chairs.2.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向，大力加强社会主义精神牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向，大力加强社会主义精神文明建设。文明建设。Firmly grasping the orientation of advanced culture,Firmly grasping the orientation of advanced culture,we should redouble our efforts to build up a socialist we should redouble our efforts to build up a socialist
37、 spiritual civilization.spiritual civilization.认真贯彻公民道德建设实施纲要，加强爱国主义教育，弘认真贯彻公民道德建设实施纲要，加强爱国主义教育，弘扬和培育民族精神。扬和培育民族精神。We should earnestly put the Program for Improving We should earnestly put the Program for Improving Civic Morality into practice,intensify education in Civic Morality into practice,inte
38、nsify education in patriotism,and foster and promote a national spirit.patriotism,and foster and promote a national spirit.广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。We should encourage popular participation in activities We should encourage popular participation in activities to raise the cultural and ethical
39、 standards of the to raise the cultural and ethical standards of the general public.general public.进一步繁荣文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业，着进一步繁荣文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视等各项事业，着力推出一批优秀作品。力推出一批优秀作品。We should further develop cultural undertakings,such We should further develop cultural undertakings,such as literature,art,mass
40、media,publishing,radio,film as literature,art,mass media,publishing,radio,film and television,and bring out a large number of quality and television,and bring out a large number of quality works.works.深化文化体制改革，积极发展文化事业和文化产业。深化文化体制改革，积极发展文化事业和文化产业。We should deepen structural reform in the cultural fi
41、eld We should deepen structural reform in the cultural field and actively develop cultural undertakings and cultural and actively develop cultural undertakings and cultural industries.industries.加强文物和文化遗产保护。加强国际文化交流。加强文物和文化遗产保护。加强国际文化交流。We should improve the protection of our cultural relics We shou
42、ld improve the protection of our cultural relics and our cultural heritage and increase our cultural and our cultural heritage and increase our cultural exchanges with other countries.exchanges with other countries.普及科学知识，反对迷信，倡导文明健康的生活方式。普及科学知识，反对迷信，倡导文明健康的生活方式。We should disseminate scientific know
43、ledge,combat We should disseminate scientific knowledge,combat superstition,and promote a civil and healthy lifestyle.superstition,and promote a civil and healthy lifestyle.坚持不懈地开展坚持不懈地开展“扫黄扫黄”、“打非打非”斗争。斗争。We should tirelessly fight against pornographic and We should tirelessly fight against pornographic and illegal publications.illegal publications.Harvard University此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢