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1、移动数据网络及应用Mobile Data Networks and Applications刘志敏L0Wirelessbecamethedominantaccesstechnologyin2002nIttookacenturytoinstalltheworldsfirst850millionphonelines;850millionmorelinesoverthenext15-20yearsnTherearemorethan1330millionwirelesssubscribersintheworldtodaynActualgrowthofwirelessusershasconsistent
2、lyexceededforecastsSource:ITU.1InternetisdrivingthegrowthofinfrastructureforDataAccessn5billione-mailmessagesdeliveredtoday.n100millionpeoplewilllogontothenettodayandchoosefrom1.4billionwebpages.nInthenextyear,Internettrafficwilldouble.nMorethan150millionadditionalInternetuserswillcomeon-lineinthene
3、xtyear.nEnterprisedatatrafficisshiftingduetoInternet/Webnfrom80%internal,20%externalnto20%internal,80%external.2butoverallwirelessdatagrowththusfarhasbeenslownOnlyafewmillionusewirelessdatanResultssomewhatbetterinJapan,Korea,andEuropenTherearethreemajorroadblocks:TerminalsandData RatesLack ofeffecti
4、veStandardsLack ofApplicationInfrastructure33G+/4G Networks802.11 Networks3G+/4G Networks802.11 Networks802.16NetworksTherearepowerfulforcesthatwilldrivethegrowthofwirelessdataEnablingNetworkTechnologyEnablingTerminalsTechnologyNew/Emerging ApplicationsContent DeliveryMessagingLocation-based Service
5、sM-CommerceExisting Applicationsmoving to the web4Evolutionfrom2Gto4Gnetworks5NetworkArchitectureToday:GSMCellular(a2G+network)Base StationControllerWireless Access NetworkBase StationsAirInterfaceMobile VoiceSwitchMobile“Router”(SGSN)Mobile“Router”(GGSN)InternetPSTNWirelessCore NetworkUser Profiles
6、&Authentication(HLR)Voice and DataPacket DataCircuit VoiceWired Access802.11Access Point6NetworkArchitectureTomorrow:3GwithAll-IPBackboneMobile AccessRouterWirelessAccess NetworkIPBase StationsGatewayTelephone NetworkWirelessCore NetworkUser Profiles&Authentication(HLR)3G AirInterfaceWired Access802
7、.11IP IntranetIP IntranetProgrammableSoft switchApplicationServer802.11Access PointAccess PointInternet7NetworkArchitectureoftheFuture:IntegratedPacketDataArchitectureCore InternetBackboneAuthenticationPresenceLocationAggregationRouterAggregationRouterAggregationRouterAccessRouterAccessRouter3G Cell
8、ularNetworksRadioControllerAccessRouterUrbanNetworksHomeNetworksEnterpriseNetworks4GRadiosAd HocNetworks4G AirInterface4GRadios4G AirInterface DSL/Cable High Speed Internet Access Broadband Distribution Networks High Speed Pico Cells 802.11+Local Mobility Packet Voice High Data Rates Outdoor Areas H
9、igh Mobility Mobile Data Allow People to network Self Configuring8KeynetworkingchallengestoachievethearchitectureofthefuturenMobilityManagement:allaspectsrelatedtothemobilityofusersnconversiontoIP-basednmechanismstoenablefasthandoffsandQoSsupportduringlocalizedmovements.nPaging:supportformobiletermi
10、nalsonstandby(e.g.forpowerconserving).nDistributedpagingfunctionalityforincreasedreliability.nMechanismsforlocatinginactiveusersfordeliveringincomingmessagesandcalls.nCommonauthenticationandauthorizationnAllowsuserstoauthenticatethemselvestodifferentaccessnetworksbyusingasinglecredential,nEnablesnet
11、workoperatorstokeepasingle,unifieddatabaseforuserinformation.9Domain-basedMobilityManagementnWhenausermoveswithinadomain(IntraDomainMobility),routingupdatesreachonlyaffectedroutersinthesamedomain.nLoweroverheadandfasterhandoffs.nOtherbenefitsincludeenhancedreliabilityandeasyQoSsupport.DomainMobileRo
12、uterRouterRouterBaseStationBaseStationInternetMobileRouterRouterRouterBaseStationBaseStationMobile IPIntra Domain Mobility Intra Domain Mobility 10Domain-basedPagingnInformationaboutdormantusers(PagingEntry)iskeptatthemobilerouter.nAllbasestationslistentoadomain-specificIPmulticastaddress.nWhenamess
13、ageforadormantuserarrivesatthemobilerouter,IPmulticastisusedtolocatethedormantuserwithinthedomain.MobileRouterRouterRouterBaseStationBaseStationInternetPaging EntryIP MulticastMobileRouterRouterRouterBaseStationBaseStation11Asolutiontocommonauthenticationandauthorization:SuperHLRapproachCDMA Network
14、s802.11 NetworksSuperHLRGSM/UMTSOverlay Data Networks(e.g.HDR)Common ProfileDatabaseProtocolGatewaysCore OperationsCoreServers A common profile data base and authentication server for telecom and Internet users-enables migrating to and roaming between these networks-supports global roaming in cellul
15、ar networks around the world-integrates cellular networks and 802.11 networks12Existing Applicationsmoving to the webM-CommerceMessagingLocation-based ServicesContent DeliveryM-CommerceMessagingLocation-based ServicesContent DeliveryExisting Applicationsmoving to the web3G+/4G Networks802.11 Network
16、s802.16NetworksTherearepowerfulforcesthatwilldrivethegrowthofwirelessdataEnablingNetworkTechnologyEnablingTerminalsTechnologyNew/Emerging Applications13BandwidthEnablesNewApplicationsSpeed,kbps2GCDMA 2.5GGPRS,CDMA 2000EDGEUMTSTransaction ProcessingMessaging/Text AppsVoice/SMSLocation ServicesStill I
17、mage TransfersInternet/VPN AccessDatabase AccessDocument TransferLow Quality VideoHigh Quality Video9.614.4286414438420002400High-Data-Rate Overlay14WirelessServicesareCriticalnMarginsforbasicvoiceservicearegettingsmaller.nServiceprovidersneedtoextendtheirserviceofferingstoincludedataservicesbeyondb
18、asicaccess.nValue-addeddataservicesprovideanopportunityforadditionalrevenueanddifferentiation,e.g.:nContentdeliverytowirelessdevicesnMessagingnOthers,suchaslocation-basedservices,M-commerce,etc.Revenueper UserTimeVoice onlyEmailContent DeliveryUnified MessagingSource:MicrosoftM-Commerce15Application
19、sArchitectureoftheFuture:IntelligentServiceEnginesNetwork Data CentersMessaging ServersService EnginesWeb ServersProxy Engines3G CellularNetworksHomeNetworksEnterpriseNetworks PCs Embedded Devices TVs PCs Phones Laptops Cell phones PDAs Laptops Cell phones PDAsProxy EnginesProxy Engines real-time co
20、ntent adaptation 16Example:WirelessAdaptationnPCclientrequestswebpage.nContentismovedtoandstoredatthelocalcacheengine.nWebpageisforwardedtoPCclient.nCellularuserrequestssamepage.nCacheenginesendscachedwebpagetonearbyserviceengineandgetsadaptedwebpageforcellularuser.nAdaptedwebpageisforwardedtocellul
21、aruser(optional:adaptedwebpagecanbecached).nLocation-based services can be handled similar.42135HTTPServer6123456ProxyEngineService Enginewith WirelessAdaptation17ContentDeliveryforWirelessDevicesnHugeinterestintappingtheenormouspotentialofwirelessInternet:nContentproviderswanttheircontenttobeaccess
22、ibleanddeliverabletoanincreasingnumberofmobileandwirelessusers.nISPswanttoprovideservicesandcontentdeliverytoavarietyofuserdevices(e.g.cellular,PDA,pager,etc.)foraddedrevenueanddifferentiation.nEquipmentvendorswantInternetcontenttobeavailablethroughtheirdevices.nManuala-prioricontentadaptationandpro
23、visioningofdevice-specificcontentishighlyinefficientandcausesadditionaloverheadforthecontentprovider.nAutomatedreal-timeadaptation at the network edgeenablesthemostup-to-dateandmostdevice-specificcontenttowirelessuserswithoutadditionaloverheadforthecontentprovider.18AdaptingContentforWirelessDevices
24、nBenefitsofcontentadaptationnadaptcontenttoparticulardevicenhidedownloadlatenciesbytranscodingtostreamingformatsnreducebandwidthrequiredanddownloadtimenimprovepresentationnSometranscodingexamplesntranscodevideoclipsintostreamingformatnresize,reduceresolution,andlowercolordepthforimagesnlowersampling
25、rateandbitspersampleonaudionthumbnailgenerationfromvideonconverttoformatthatcanbe“played”bydevicenpreventunplayableformattobedownloadedoverwirelesschannelThe emergence of many different terminals,different multimedia formats,and shared wireless channels will require that content be adapted for diffe
26、rent devices and transport channels19ExampleBenefitofContentAdaptationnHighresolution1280 x960JPEG(277Kbytes)originallytakenfromdigitalcameraaccessedfrommailboxnResizeimagetofitPDAscreendimensions(300 x225)nBenefitofimageresizingnTrafficreduction:277Kbytes=9Kbytes(30:1reduction)nDownloadtimeimprovem
27、entn19.2kbps=2.5minutesvs.5seconds(30:1)n32kbps=1.5minutevs.3seconds(30:1)20ExampleBenefitofContentAdaptationn10secondMPEG1videoclip(825Kbytes)inmailboxnTwooptionsforcontentadaptationdependingondevicescapabilityntranscodetoaH.263videoformatsuitableforstreamingoverlower-bitrate,lossywirelesschannelsn
28、transcodetotheH.263compressedvideoformatfordownloadnBenefitfordownloadnTrafficreduction:825Kbytes=92Kbytes(9:1reduction)nDownloadtimeimprovementn19.2kbps=5.5minutesvs.38seconds(9:1)n32kbps=3.3minutevs.23seconds(9:1)21SummarynCellulardata,alongwith802.11technology,promisestheInternetinyourhandsanywhe
29、re,anytime.nExceptforinJapan,wide-areawirelessdatahasbeenslowtoemergenlimitationsindataratesandterminalequipmentnlackofservicesinfrastructureandeffectivestandardsnPowerfulforceshavebeguntodrivethegrowthofmobileInternetnenablingnetworkandterminalstechnologynnewapplicationsnTechnicalchallengesmustbeov
30、ercometomakethemobileInternetareality,butexcitingprogressisbeingmadeintheseareasnWithinthenext5years,wirelessdatawillhavethesameimpactoncellularservicesastheInternethashadduringthepast10yearsonwirelinetelephony.22教学目标n目标：掌握无线组网的基本原理，及其无线网络标准，分析无线网络设计及应用中的典型问题n收获n协议模型及TCP/IP概述n无线组网的基本技术nMultiple-acce
31、ssnMobilemanagementnroutingnQoSandPacketschedulingnTrafficControlnHandoverandPowercontroln无线自组织网络（MANET,WSN）n典型无线网络标准，包括IEEE802.11,2G/3G蜂窝网络n网络协议测试及性能分析方法23ReferenceBooksnPrinciplesofWirelessNetworks-AUnifiedApproach,K.PahavanandP.Krishnamurthy,PrenticeHall,2002.（无线网络通信原理与应用，刘剑等译）n“无线通信原理与应用”，Theodo
32、reS.Rappaport，蔡涛等译，电子工业出版社nWirelessCommunications&NetworksWilliamStallings,PrenticeHall,2002.nWLANSystemandWirelessIPforNextGenerationCommunication,NeeliPrasad,AnandPrasadnResearchpaperswillalsobeusedwherenecessary.24Syllabus1.IntroductionofMobileDataNetworking2.ArchitectureofwirelessDataNetwork3.Ce
33、llularNetworkarchitecture&Handoverandpowercontrol4.MediaAccessControlandWirelessMediaAccessControl5.Routing,MobileIP&MicroMobileIP6.TCPCongestionControl&WirelessTCP7.QoS&PacketScheduling,WLAN&IEEE802.11e8.AdHocNetworks9.SensorNetworks10.NetworkSimulationandtools11.Networktesting12.Wi-Max(Ieee802.16)25Project:1.基于WLAN的组网技术2.WLAN应用及QoS3.无线传感器网络的能量有效的MAC4.Ad Hoc网络的QoS分级路由协议5.Ad Hoc网络的安全路由协议 6.WiMAX 与 IEEE 802.167.协议测试及性能分析方法8.典型的定位及导航应用及技术9.新的移动数据应用系统10.。26成绩评定n平时：20%听课、提问n测试：40%n研究课题：40%n文献资料收集及分析n创新性：发现新问题、新方法n理论或实验研究工作n研究报告n讨论交流n选题（3月24日前）、讨论交流（5月31日-6月14日）、提交报告（6月29日前）27