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1、初中英语语法专项冠 词 .冠词的定义 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前，用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词：a an定冠词：the要点梳理要点梳理 .冠词的用法 1不定冠词a,an的用法。不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。口诀：听其音，忘其形 如：a useful book;a desk;an old man;an honest man an actor；an hour。an eight-year-old boy an eleven-year-old girl an“m”元音开头的字母A,E,F,H,I,
2、L,M,N,O,R,S,X(1)不定冠词表泛指单数的某人或某物,非特指时,表示数量“一”。如：There is a book on the desk,but the book isnt mine.(2)表示人或事物的某一类。如：An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(3)用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：three times a week.几个用不定冠词的习语：a bita bit(一点),have a good timehave a good time(玩得开心),a lot a lot(许多),have/tak
3、e a(resthave/take a(rest等等)(休息)一会儿,等等。a kind ofa kind of(一种),a number ofa number of(大量的),a fewa few(几个),a piece of a piece of(一张、一片),a littlea little(一点),half an hourhalf an hour(半小时),have a coldhave a cold(感冒),a pair ofa pair of(一副、一双),after a while(after a while(过了一会儿），过了一会儿），as a result(as a resu
4、lt(结果，因此）结果，因此）as a matter of fact(as a matter of fact(事实上），事实上），in a hurry(in a hurry(急忙）急忙）in a word(in a word(总而言之），总而言之），come to an end(come to an end(结束）结束）make a fire make a fire（生火），（生火），take a walk(take a walk(散步）散步）2定冠词the的用法(1)定冠词the,用来特指某人或某物，双方都知道的人或物的名词前，或用于第二次提到的某人或某物。Open the door,ple
5、ase.(都知道的）There is a kite on the wall.The kite is new.(第二次提到的）The girl in red is my sister.(特指)(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前（如天体）the sun;the moon;the earth;the sky(3)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如：March is the third month of a year.He is the cleverest boy in his class.(4)用在某些形容词前，表示一类人。如：the rich;the poor;the young;the old等
6、。这些短语作主语，视为复数 (5)用在乐器名词前（西洋乐器）传统乐器不加the。如：play the violin;play the piano;play erhu (6)用在表示方位的名词前。如：in the east/north/west/south (7)用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜古迹等专有名词前。如：the Yellow River;the Great Wall;the West Lake;the White House等。(8)用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或一个家庭。如：the Greens;the Whites等。(9)用于一些固定搭配中。如：(这个太多，短语
7、中积累）look the same;in the end;in the afternoon等。3不用冠词的情况(1)有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。如：China;Japanese;milk;love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等限定词时，不用冠词 如：This is our first lesson(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，泛指，不用冠词。如：They are teachers.(4)表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。如：I dont feel well today,mana
8、ger.(5)一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词前。I have lunch at home.He often plays soccer after class.Science is my favorite subject.(6)在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如：Teachers Day;Mothers Day;on Monday;in May;in summer等。by bus;on foot;at home;at night;go to school;from morning till night；in fact;on time；in surprise;on duty;go shopping
9、;in spring;hand in;in city/town;但in the country等。(7)在某些固定搭配里，名词之前常不用冠词注意：某些固定短语，有无冠词，意义不同。in class 在上课in the class 在班级里in hospital 在医院in the hospital 因病住院 in front of 在前面 （在范围之外）in the front of 在前面（范围之内）at table 在进餐at the table 在桌子旁感悟中考【例1】(2013上海)My mother is _ English teacher in No.2 Middle School
10、.A.a B.the C.an D./解析：本题考查不定冠词的用法。以元 音音素开头的单词前要用不定冠词an，故选C。C【例2】(2013河北)She learned to play _ piano all by herself.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。在乐器名词前要用定冠词the。故选C。C【例3】(2013嘉兴、舟山)Whos that lovely girl?You mean _ girl with long hair?Thats Kate.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。在特指的名词前用定冠词。根据句意“那
11、长头发的女孩”，因此girl 前用the。故选C。C【例4】(2013丽水)Many people think that 2012 is one of _ most successful films.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。形容词最高级前面要用定冠词the。故选C。C【例5】(2013杭州)Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou?Yes.Ive had _ wonderful time.A./B.a C.the D.an 解析：本题考查固定短语与不定冠词搭配的关系。have a wonderful time玩的高兴。故选
12、B。B【例6】(2013衢州)Justin Bieber is _ Canadian singer and he has lots of fans.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 解析：本题考查不定冠词与定冠词的区别。根据题意Justin Bieber是一个加拿大歌手，应用不定冠词表泛指，Canadian以辅音音素开头须用a。故选A。A【例7】(2013厦门)Lily is _ active girl and she is fond of playing _ volleyball.A.an;a B.a;the C.an；/D.a；/解析：本题考查不定冠词及不用冠词的情况。根据句意“Li
13、ly 是一个活泼的女孩”，应用表泛指的不定冠词，且active以元音开头，则选an；球类活动前不用冠词，故选C。an/.单项选择()1.English is _ international language.A.a B.an C/D.the 解析：考查冠词。language 是可数名词；international是以元音音素开头的单词。不定冠词an在这里指事物某一类。领悟语法B()2.We usually go to _ school on weekdays,and sometimes go to _ cinema at weekends.A.不填；the B.the;theC.the;不填
14、D.不填；不填 解析：考查冠词。go to school 固定用法,go to a/the cinema 也是固定用法，a/the cinema 表示一类事物。A()3.We will see _ even stronger China in _near future.A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.an;a 解析：考查冠词in the near future“在不久的将来”是个固定搭配；even是以元音因素开头的词，故选B。B()4.What are you going to be when you grow up,Sam?_ teacher like you.A.A
15、B.An C.The D/解析：考查冠词。a 修饰以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词；an修饰以元音音素开头的单数可数名词。the表特指。句意为“你长大了打算干什么？”“像你一样做一位老师。”故选A。A()5.Look at _ skirt.I bought it for mother on Mothers Day,isnt it nice?Oh,what _ nice present！A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a Da;不填 解析：考查冠词。特指这条裙子用冠词the;感叹句中只能用不定冠词不能用定冠词。C()6.This novel can make you laugh and cr
16、y at _ same time.A.a B.an C.the D./解析：考查固定短语。at the same time意为“同时”，该句意为“这本小说能同时让你笑和哭”。故选C。C()7.Lets have _ break;I want to make _ telephone call.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the 解析：考查固定短语的构成。have a break是固定搭配，意为“休息一下”；make a telephone call也是固定搭配，意为“打电话”。故选A。A()8._ are planning to go on vacation.A.Bl
17、acks B.A BlacksC.The Blacks D.The Blacks 解析：考查冠词。the加姓的复数形式表示“一家人”。D()9.How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train.A.an;a B.a;an C.an；/D.a；/解析：考查冠词。hour au第一个 字母h不发音，所以一小时应用an hour;by 介词，当交通工具前无修饰词时，用介词by且名词前不用冠词。C()10.Which of the following phonetic transcription(音标)isright for the phrase“the egg”？A./eg/B./ieg/C./ieg/D./dieg/解析：考查定冠词。定冠词the在元音因素前发i而不发。e是元音，故选B。B